Ƙoƙarin samar da daidaiton jinsi a rububin zuwa duniyar wata

Karanta rubutu kawai domin rage cin data

Bayanan hoto, Stephanie Wilson, mace ta biyu da ta je sararin samaniya, na cikin matan da ake tunanin za su fara zuwa duniyar wata

26 Agusta 2022

Shirin komawar ɗan Adam duniyar wata tun bayan shekarar 1972 zai fuskanci babban ƙalubale a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, a lokacin da hukumar Nasa za ta harba kumbonta mai suna Artemis 1.

Kumbon, shi ne farko a wani ɓangare na yunƙurin kai ɗan Adam dandariyar ƙasar duniyar wata nan da shekarar 2025 ko 2026. A karon farko, mace da kuma wani baƙar fata za su bi sawun fararen fata 12 da ke duniyar watan.

Farfesa John Logsdon mai shekara 84 na fatan sake ganin lamarin a kan idonsa.

Kafin ya zama ƙwararre kan harkokin sararin samaniya, a shekarar 1969 ne ɗan Amurkar ya samu damar harba kumbon Apollo 11. Shi ne kumbo na farko da ya kai 'yan Adam duniyar wata: wato Neil Armstrong da Buzz Aldrin.

"Na samu shiga ginin da za a harba kumbon kuma na ga mutane na wucewa ta kusa da ni kafin su shiga abin hawan da zai kai su can," kamar yadda Farfesa Logsdon ya faɗa wa BBC.

"Yanzu ina fatan na ƙara tsawon rayuwa don na shaida hakan."

Bayanan hoto, Karon ƙarshe da mutane suka sauka a duniyar wata shi ne lokacin da aka harba kumbon Apollo 17 a 1972

Zuwa duniyar wata zai sha bamban a yanzu sakamakon yunƙurin Nasa na daidaita jinsin masu zuwan.

Jinsi da rige-rigen zuwa

An bai wa mata damar zuwa duniyar watan. Su ne rabin tawagar mutum 18 da aka zaɓa a shirin Artemis. An shirya tafiye-tafiyen da dama.

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Wani mutum da kafofin yaɗa labarai suka mayar da hankali kai ita ce Stephanie Wilson mai shekara 55.

Ƙwararriyar 'yar sama-jannati ce da ta je sararin samaniya sau uku kuma mace wadda ba farar fata ba ta biyu da ta je sama.

"Wata hujja da mata suka kafa game da ci gaba," a cewar Wilson cikin hirarta da shafin Space.com a 2020.

"Lallai na yi farin ciki da aka saka ni a rukunin kuma zaƙu na ga wace ce mace ta farko da za ta bi mu a shirinmu na ci gaba da nazartar wata."

Mutanen da ba farar fata ba

Bayanan hoto, Jasmin Moghbeli, mai zuwa duniyar wata ta farko a 1972, ta yi aiki da rundunar soja ta Marine Corps wadda aka bai wa ayyuka fiye da 150

Rabin tawagar waɗanda duka Amurkawa ne, ba fararen fata ba ne.

Ya zuwa Nuwamban 2021, mata 75 ne kacal cikin 600 da suka taɓa zuwa sararin smaaniya, a cewar Nasa.

Musaman a Amurka, mata masu son zuwa sararin samaniya na fuskantar wariyar launin fata a hukumance.

Bayanan hoto, Jessica Watkins, wadda ka iya zuwa duniyar watan, ɗalibar digirin digirgir ce a cibiyar nazarin fasaha ta California Institute of Technology, inda ta yi aiki a kan shirin Mars Curiosity

Nasa ta ɗauki rukunin farko na masu zuwa sama daga sojoji a shekarun 1960, lokacin da ba a amince wa mata su tuƙa jiragen soja ba.

A gefe guda kuma, Tarayyar Soviet ta tura Valentina Tereshkova - wata tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar masaƙa kuma ƙaramar mai wasan surmiyowa daga sama - zuwa sararin samaniya a 1963.

Bayanan hoto, A 1963, 'yar Rasha Valentina Tereshkova ta zama mace ta farko da ta je sararin samaniya

Shekara 20 bayan haka, Amurka ta tura mace ta farko mai suna Sally Ride a kumbon Challenger.

"Cikin sauƙi za a iya tuna yadda aka dinga nuna wa mata wariya da ke son zama 'yan sama-jannati ƙarni ɗaya kaca da ya wuce," in ji Dr Margaret Weitekamp, shugabar sashen tarihin sararin samaniya a gidan tarihi na Amurka mai suna National Air and Space Museum.

"Har yanzu akwai wariyar amma dai ana samun ci gaba a shirin."

Akwai kuma matsalar wariyar launin fata: 14 kacal daga cikin Amurkawa 330 da Nasa ta aika sama ne baƙar fata - sannan wasu 14 ɗin daga ciki 'yan asalin nahiyar Asiya ne.

Ita kuwa Tarayyar Soviet ta aika mutum na farko wanda ba farar fata ba tun a 1980: ɗan ƙasar Cuba mai suna Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez.

'Ya kamata a dinga adalci'

Hukumar na sane cewa akwai jan aiki.

"Akwai buƙatar mu dinga yin adalci game da yadda ake tura mutane a shirin baki ɗayansa," in ji Kenneth Bowersox, wani mataimakin shirye-shirye na Nasa yayin taron manema labarai a 2021.

Bayanan hoto, Ɗan ƙasar Cuba Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez (hagu), shi ne mutumin da ba farar fata ba na farko da ya je sararin samaniya a 1980

Me ya sa aka ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a koma duniyar wata?

Daga 1960 zuwa 1973, Amurka ta kashe dala biliyan 25.8 a kan Apollo - ko kuma kusan biliyan 300 a yanzu idan aka kwatanta da hauhawar farashi.

Duk shugaban ƙasar da aka yi a Amurka na buƙatar dalili mai ƙarfi kafin ya kashe kuɗin.

Yaƙin cacar-baka tsakanin Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet ne babban dalilin. Ya kai har kan sararin samaniya a 1957, lokacin da Rasha ta harba tauraron ɗan Adam na Sputnik wanda shi ne irinsa na farko.

Bayanan hoto, Matuƙin kumbon duniyar wata Buzz Aldrin ke nan yake saukowa daga kan tsani yayin da yake shirin yin tafiya a kan wata yayin shirin kumbo Apollo 11

"Yaƙin cacar-baka ne ya sa Amurka ta ƙirƙiri Apollo 11 da kuma gaggawar kashe maƙudan kuɗi wajen isa duniyar wata cikin gaggawa," a cewar Farfesa Logsdon.

Shugaba Nixon ya soke Apollo

Shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya soke shirin Apollo sannan ya umarci Nasa ta ƙera rokar zuwa sama.

Nasa ta sauya tunani game da tura mutum zuwa wata kuma ta mayar da hankali kan duniyar Earth kamar shirin tashar zuwa sama ta duniya wato International Space Station (ISS).

An samu sauyi lokacin da Shugaba Donald Trump ya ƙaddamar da shirin komawa duniyar wata.

"Wannan karon ba tutarmu kawai za mu kafa mu tafi ba," a cewar Trump a 2017.

Shirin Artemis ba mai sauƙi ba ne - kasafin kuɗinsa ya kai biliyan 93, amma ƙwararru kamar Dr Jennifer Millard ɗan Birtaniya na ganin amfaninsa ya fi akasin haka.