Yadda addinin Musulunci ya shiga Najeriya

Tarihi ya nuna cewa addinin Musulunci ya shiga Najeriya ne ta hanyoyi daban-daban, musamman kasuwanci da masu wa'azi, ba kamar yadda wasu suke tunanin yaƙi ne ya kai addini ƙasar ba.

Tarihi ya nuna malamai daga arewacin Afirka sun taka rawa wajen isar da addinin zuwa wasu sassan ƙasar tun kafin Daular Usmaniyya, sannan akwai ƙaulin da ke nuna yadda Musulunci ya zo Daular Borno.

Haka kuma yadda addinin ya yaɗu zuwa ƙasar Hausa da sassanta ma yana da jan hankali, musamman ganin yadda ake alaƙanta al'ummar Hausa da addinin na Musulunci da daɗewa.

Domin sanin yadda addinin Musulunci ya shiga Najeriya, da yadda ya yaɗu zuwa yankunan ƙasar da rawar da jihadin Ɗanfodio ya taka, mun yi nazari domin rabe aya da tsakuwa kan tarihin.

Musulunci a Daular Borno

Domin cikakken sanin yadda addinin Musulunci ya shiga Najeriya, BBC ta zanta da masanin tarihi Dr. Kabir Haruna Isa na Jami'ar Bayero da ke Kano, inda ya ce akwai zantuttuka mabambanta.

"Akwai bayanai mabambantan juna a kan tarihin shigowar Musulunci Najeriya, amma abin da masana suka fi aminta da shi shi ne addinin ya fara isa Daular Borno ne," in ji shi.

Sai dai Farfesan ya ce ko a tarihin zuwan addinin Borno akwai hanyoyi biyu daba-daban da ya ce an ruwaito daga masu binciken tarihin daular ta Borno.

"Akwai masu ganin addinin ya isa Daular Borno tun a ƙarni na 8 a lokacin da wani Balarabe mai suna Uqba ibn Nafi da ya kai farmaki a yankin arewacin Afirka, sai daga can ya nausa ta sahara har ya isa Daular Borno, inda ya kai musu addinin Musulunci," in ji shi.

Kabir Isa ya ce wannan ƙaulin yana da ɗan rauni, domin a cewarsa akwai tambayoyin da aka yi game da batun, amma ya ce ba a samu gamsassun amsa ba har zuwa yanzu.

"Amma masana sun yi amannar cewa Musulunci ya isa Borno ne a ƙarni 11, kuma addinin ya je ne ta hanyar kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa. Daga Daular Borno sai addinin ya yaɗu zuwa sauran sassan ƙasar Hausa."

Shigar Musulunci ƙasar Hausa

Kabir ya ce daga baya ne aka fara yaɗa addinin Musulunci a ƙasar Hausa, inda a cewarsa addinin ya fara zuwa Kano kafin ya yaɗu zuwa sauran yankunan na Hausa irin su Katsina da Zaria da sauransu.

"A ƙasar Hausa, Musulunci ya fara zuwa Kano ne a ƙarni na 14 a lokacin Sarki Yaji Ali Ɗan Tsamiya. Daga Kano ne addinin ya yaɗu zuwa sauran sassan ƙasar Hausa daga bisani," in ji masanin.

Sai dai ya ƙara da cewa akwai zantuttuka mabambanta kan yadda aka fara gina Masallaci a Kano.

"Akwai ƙaulin da ke cewa masallaci na farko da aka gina a Kano, shi ne wanda aka gina a Madabo, amma akwai masu ganin ba su gamsu da wannan zancen ba saboda suna da tambayoyin da suke buƙatar amsa."

Masanin tarihin ya ce masallacin da ya fi shuhura shi ne na gidan sarki, "amma shi kuma a ƙarni na 15 aka gina shi bayan zuwan wani fitaccen malami mai suna Sheikh Muhammad Abdurrahman Al-Maghili a zamanin Sarkin Kano Rumfa.''

Masanin ya ce Al-Maghili ne ya jagoranci gina masallacin, sannan ya jagoranci wasu sauye-sauye da dama a masarautar Kano.

"Domin bayan gina masallacin ya jagoranci buɗe kasuwar Kurmi, sannan ya yi gyare-gyare kan tsarin tafiyar da al'amuran mulki a Kano. Ya taimaka wajen gyara al'amura har Kano ta wuce sa'o'inta," in ji Kabir.

Ƙadiriyya, Tijjaniyya, Izala, Shi'a

A game da yadda aka fara samun fahimta na addinin Musulunci zuwa ɗariku ko ƙungiyoyi irin su Ƙadiriyya da Tijjaniyya da Salafiyya (Izala) da Shi'a, masanin tarihi ya ce a ƙarni na 15 aka fara samun wannan.

A cewarsa, Ƙadiriyya ce ta fara zuwa Najeriya, "saboda shi Sheikh Al-Maghili ɗin da ya je Kano a ƙarni na 15, shi ne wanda ya fara zuwa da Ƙadiriyya kuma ta fara samun karɓuwa."

Masanin tarihin ya ce daga baya ne a ƙarni na 19 ɗarikar Tijjaniya ta fara shiga Najeriya, "ta hannun wani babban Malami Umar Tal. Shi ne jigon da ya jagoranci yaɗa ɗarikar a wannan ƙarnin na 19."

A game da zuwan Salafiyya kuwa, Kabir Isa ya ce, "Salafiyya da aka fi sani da Izala kuwa ta isa ƙasar ne a ƙarni na 20. Amma ita ƙungiyar Izalar, Malam Isma'ila Idris ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1978, amma ya kafa ƙungiyar, koyarwar Sheikh Abubakar Gumi ta riga ta fara yaɗa fahimtar. Sai ɗalibansa suka assasa ƙungiyar daga baya. Don haka ba shi ba ne ya kafa ƙungiyar, ɗalibansa ne."

Masanin ya ce an samu ra'ayi mabambanta a game da zuwan aƙidar Shi'a Najeriya, inda ya ce, "akwai masu ra'ayin tun a zamanin Turawan mulkin-mallaka ne aka samu ƴan Shi'a saboda sun ɗauko wasu wakilan sayen auduga da gyaɗa daga ƙasar Lebanon. To a cikinsu akwai Kirista da Musulmi, sai ake tunanin a cikin Musulman akwai ƴan Shi'a."

Sai dai ya ce wannan ra'ayin yana da rauni, "saboda an nemi sanin haƙiƙanin tarihi da bayanan mutanen, amma ba a samu gamsasshen bayani ba."

Ya ƙara da cewa masana tarihi sun yi amannar cewa aƙidar Shi'a ta shiga Najeriya ne bayan juyin-juya-halin Iran.

"Bayan juyin-juya-hali a Iran a shekarar 1979, akwai wasu ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ta MSSN da suke da ra'ayin canji. Daga cikin su akwai Ibrahim Zakzaky, ana cewa a tsakankanin 1980 ya ziyarci Iran. To ana tunanin a lokacin ne ya karɓo Shi'a."

Sai dai ya ce aƙidar ba ta fito ba sai a shekarar 1994, "inda ya fito ya bayyana fahimtarsa da aƙidarsa. Shi ne wasu suka bi shi, wasu kuma irin su Malam Abubakar Mujahid suka ɓalle suka kafa ƙungiyar Tajdidil Islam."

Muslunci a Kudancin Najeriya

A kan yadda addinin ya yaɗu zuwa kudancin Najeriya, masanin tarihin ya ce a ƙarni na 17 ne Musulunci ya fara zuwa ƙasar Yarabawa.

"A lokacin ne wasu daga cikin Yarabawa suka fara karɓa, amma addinin bai yi ƙarfi ba saboda tasirin addinin gargajiya a yankin, sai daga baya."

Jihaɗin Danfodio

A game da addinin musulunci bayan jihadin Danfodio, masanin tarihin ya ce a ƙarni na 19 ne aka yi jihadin, inda a cewarsa Sheikhd Usman Danfodio ya jagoranta domin gyara yadda ake gudanar da addinin.

"Sheikh Usman Danfodi da ƴan'uwansa ne suka fara yunƙurin gyara yadda ake addinin Musulunci. Sun fara ne da rubuce-rubuce tare da jan hankalin mutane kan yadda ya kamata a yi addinin na Musulunci."

Masanin tarihin ya ce wannan ya sa sarakunan Gobir suka ga sun fara musu barazana, wanda hakan ya sa suka fara ƙoƙarin daƙile su.

"A lokacin ne almajiran Danfodio suka fara fuskantar matsin lamba da tsangwama ciki har da hana su ajiye gemu da hana mata saka hijabi. Wannan ya sa suka ƙaddamar da jihadi da aka fara a shekarar 1804 a Sokoto, sannan daga baya wasu almajiransa suka karɓi tuta suka kai wasu masarautun na Hausa."

Ya ce waɗannan almajiran ne suka je da tutar, suka cire "sarakunan, suka saka sababbin sarakuna, sannan aka canja tsarin gudanar da masarautun."