Mutane uku da suka shugabanci Amurka daga gidan yari?

A wani yanayi irinsa na farko a siyasar Amurka, Donald Trump ya zamo tsohon shugaban Amurka na farko da da aka samu da laifin aikata ba daidai ba.

Ƙwararru da dama sun yi amannar cewa da wuya a aika Trump gidan yari dangane da laifuka 34 da aka tuhume shi da su inda aka same shi da laifi ranar Alhamis a wata kotu a Manhattan.

Akwai yiwuwar zai ɗaukaka ƙara dangane da hukuncin wani abu da ake tunanin zai iya wuce har zuwa watan Nuwamba lokacin da za a yi babban zaɓen ƙasar. Kuma ko da kotun ɗaukaka ƙarar ta tabbatar da hukuncin kotun ta baya to akwai yiwuwar hukuncin zai fi zama cin tara ko gyaran hali ko kuma sanya ido a kansa

Kuma ko da batun gidan yarin ta ya zama dole to Trump zai iya ci gaba da takararsa har ma ya zama shugaban ƙasar alhali yana gidan yari.

Ta yaya mutumin da aka samu da aikata laifi zai nemi kujerar shugaban ƙasa?

Ƙa'idojin da aka shimfiɗa na kasancewa ɗan takarar shugabancin ƙasar Amurka ba su sauya ba tun 1789, shekarar da George Washinton ya zama shugaban Amurka na farko.

"Akwai ƙa'idar cewa masu son shugabancin ƙasar su kasance haihuwar Amurka. Saboda haka duk surutan da aka yi ta yi kan cewa ko shugaba Barack Obama ɗan Amurka ne," Farfesan tarihi a jami'ar University College London, Iwan Morgan ya shaida wa BBC cewa " kuma dole ne su kai wasu shekaru (35)."

Sannan ya kamata 'yan takarar su zama suna zaune a Amurka na tsawon shekaru 14 - wata ka'idar da aka ƙara bayan yaƙin basasa domin haramta wa "mutanen da suka rinƙa tayar da ƙayar baya ga Amurka", in ji Farfesa Morgan, duk da dai ya ƙara da cewa ya yi amannar kotun ƙoli ta fito da waɗannan domin hana Trump yin takara.

To amma akwai haramci a kan waɗanda aka samu da laifi da ke son shugabancin ƙasar.

Sanin dalilin haka na komawa ne ga tarihin ƙasar, in ji Farfesa Morgan.

"An dai kafa Amurka ne ta hanyar juyin juya hali, kuma akwai yiwuwar cewa wanda ka iya zama a gidan yari saboda samun sa da laifin yin tawaye ga sarki - a lokacin da Amurka na ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya - za a iya hana shi takarar neman shugabancin ƙasa."

Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa tushen Amurka - waɗanda suka tsara kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar a 1787 - da Burtaniya ta kulle a gidan yari, to amma "wasu sun kusa shiga gidan yarin", in ji Farfesa Morgan.

“Da a ce juyin juya halin bai samu nasara ba , to da za su fuskanci hukuncin cin amanar ƙasa wanda laifi ne ga ƙimar Sarauniya".

Wannan ne ya sa waɗanda suka tsara kundin tsarin mulkin ba su togace wanda zai iya zama shugaban Amurka ba, wani tsari da ya janyo 'yan takara guda uku suka yi kamfe alhali suna gidan yari.

Eugene V Debs

“Ɗan takarar da ya fara neman zama shugaban Amurka a lokacin yana kurkuku shi ne Eugene Debs a shekarar 1920," in ji Farfesa Morgan.

Debs ya fara kasancewa ne a gidan yari a 1894 lokacin yana jagorantar wani yajin aiki da ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta yi ga wani kamfanin jiragen ƙasa, an same shi da laifin hana wasiƙu zuwa inda aka nufi kaiwa.

Sojoji sun tarwatsa yajin aikin sannan aka aike da Debs gidan yari na tsawon watanni shida, wani abu da ya yi tasiri sosai a siyasarsa.

A farkon ƙarni na 20, ya zama fitaccen mamba na jam'iyyar 'yan Gurguzu ta Amurka wato SPA. Ya kuma yi takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar a 1904 da 1908 da 1912 da kuma 1920," kamar yadda Farfesa Morgan ya ƙara haske.

Ya samu ƙuri'a kusan miliyan ɗaya, kashi 6% na jimilar ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Wanda shi ne kaso mafi yawa da wani ɗan jam'iyyar gurguzu ya taɓa samu a tarihi.

Bai samu ƙuri'ar wakilan masu zaɓe ko ɗaya ba, duk da cewa ya zo na biyu a Florida.

Farfesa Morgan ya ce yaƙin duniya na ɗaya ya jefa jam'iyyar ƴan gurguzu cikin tsaka mai wuya domin kuwa ta samu kanta da zaɓin kodai su goyi bayan yaƙin a bisa dalilan kishin ƙasa ko kuma su juya mashi baya domin ƙiyayyar su ga tsarin jari-hujja.

Debs ya yi matuƙar adawa da yaƙin, har ma ya riƙa tunzura Amurkawa su juya baya ga yaƙin.

Farfesa Morgan ya ƙara da cewa “A farkon 1918, yaƙin ya kusa zuwa ƙarshe ya gabatar da jawabi a Canton, da Ohio, inda ya nemi Amurkawa su ƙi shiga yaƙin.

A 1919 an yankewa Debs hukuncin neman yiwa dokar ƙasa tawaye kuma aka tura shi gidan yarin tarayya na Atlanta, a cikin watan Afirilu. Yana cikin gidan yarin har zuwa lokacin da aka yi zaɓe.

A lokacin, Debs ya samu ƙuri'u fiye da wanda ya samu a baya; 1912 (ƙuri'u 914,191), 1920 (901,551) amma a wannan karon kashi 3% kacal ya samu saboda an bai wa mata damar yin zaɓe.

Sai dai yanayin da ya samu a gidan yarin Atlanta ya munana, kuma zaman sa gidan yarin ya sa Debs ya fara ciwo.

An sake shi daga gidan yari bayan shafe kusan shekara uku, ciwon ya ci ƙarfin sa, kuma a ƙarshe dai ya mutu a 1926.

Tun bayan mutuwar Debs, jam'iyyar ƴan gurguzu ba ta ƙara yin wani abin a zo a gani ba a siyasar Amurka.

Lyndon LaRouche

Wani ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa da ya yi yaƙin neman neman zaɓe daga gidan yarin shi ne Lyndon LaRouche, wanda kuma yake cikin mutanen da suka fi yawan tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa.

Farfesa Morgan ya ce ''Wasu lokuta yana yaƙin neman zaɓe a matsayin ɗan Democrat, wasu lokutan kuma a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa, kuma ya tsaya takara a dukkan zaɓukan da aka yi tun daga 1976 har zuwa 2008.'' Ya ƙara da cewa ''Ya zamo masa jiki''

LaRouche ya yi fice a siyasar Amurka inda ya zauna a ɓangarorin Democrats da kuma Republican, tsakanin 1940 zuwa 1970.

LaRouche ya kafa wata gamayyar siyasa mai tallata tsare-tsaren kamar neman rage yawan haraji da kuma tabbatar da ganin gwamnati ba ta yiwa jama'ar ƙasa bibiyar leƙen asiri.

Gamayyar ta samu mutanen da suka kai 2,000, inji Farfesa Morgan, kuma cikin wani lamari na ban mamaki ɗan takarar da LaRouche ke goya wa baya ne ya samu tikitin jam'iyyar Democrat a muhimman kujeru a jihar Illinois a 1986.

A 1989 aka kai shi gidan yari a bisa zargin tafka rashawa a fannin aikewa da saƙonni, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin zaman shekara 15 a gidan yarin.

LaRouche ya fita daga gidan yari a 1994, kuma ya tsaya takara a 1996 da 2000 da 2004 da kuma 2008.

Farfesa Morgan ya ƙara da cewa “Lyndon LaRouche baya da wani tasiri sosai a tarihin zaɓen."

LaRouche ya mutu a 2019.

Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith ya kafa ƙungiyar Mormonism, ƙungiyar da ke yaɗa busharar addinin kirista amma wadda ta banbanta kanta da mabiya katolika da kuma protestant a 1830. Ya ɓullo da aƙidar auren mata fiye da ɗaya ga mabiyan sa.

“Wannan baƙuwar aƙida ce ga kiristoci da basu cikin ƙungiyar sa” in ji farfesa Morgan. Ya ƙara da cewa “A lokacin ana ganin hakan kamar karya wani ƴanci ne na Amurkawa kuma ana ganin hakan kamar wani abbabn laifi. Ana kuma zargin cewa Smith yana da mata fiye da 20.”

Smith ɗan asalin Massachusetts ne, amma ya koma Illinois domin samun wajen da ya dace da shi da kuma mabiyan sa.

A can ne mabiya Mormon suka gina birnin su a farko shekarar 1840, mai suna Nauvoo, a gaɓar rafin Mississippi, inda suka yi fatan gudanar da bauta da kuma rayuwar su a cikin kwanciyar hankali. where they hoped to live and worship in peace.

Smith ya lashe zaɓen Magajin Gari, kuma daga nan ya kama wata ƙungiyar mayaƙan Mormon.

“Sai dai Smith ya fuskanci matsala a tsakanin mabiya Mormon wadda ta kai ga samun rabuwar kai. Aƙidarsa ta auren mata da yawa ta janyo masa baƙin jini tsakanin mabiyan da ya riƙa ƙwace wa mata.”

Smith ya umarci mayaƙan ƙungiyar sa su rusa gidan wallafa jaridar da ke yekuwar ƙin jinin sa, lamarin da ya janyo aka ɗaure shi a gidan yarin Carthage, da ke Illinois.

An samu hatsaniya a wajen gidan yarin Carthage da ake tsare da shi, kuma a lokacin ne aka harbe shi da wani fursuna har lahira.

“An kuma shirya masu harbe mutane cikin gaggawa, inda aka idasa harbe gawar tasa a cikin gidan yarin,” in ji farfesa Morgan.

Jam'iyyar sa bata gabatar da ɗan takara ba a zaɓen 1844.

A tarihi dai an samu mutum uku da suka taɓa tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa daga gidan yari, kuma za a samu na huɗu idan har Joseph Maldonado-Passage ya tsaya takara a zaɓen watan Nuwamba.

Joseph Maldonado-Passage wanda ake kira Joe Exotic, jarumi ne a wani film mai suna Tiger King da aka fitar a 2020, ya kuma bayyana aniyar sa ta yin takara a jam'iyyar Democrat.

An yanke masa hukuncin shekara 20 a gidan yari a kan cin zarafin dabbobi da kuma yunkurin kisan wani mai gidan Zoo wanda ke hamayya da shi.

Da an kaishi gidan yari, matsayin Trump ba zai zamo na daban ba, amma zai kasance mutum mafi fice da ya tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa daga gidan yari.

Duk da cewa ya tsallake zuwa gidan yarin, wakilin BBC a arewacin Amurka John Sudworth ya ce rabin Amurkawa za su zamo suna da ɗan takara da kotu ta taɓa yanke wa hukunci.