Illolin da ɓurɓushin robobi ke yi ga jikinmu

An taɓa gano ƙananan robobi a cikin ƙasusuwanmu - amma wane tasiri hakan ke yi ga lafiyarmu? Ga abubuwan da muka sani a kai da kuma tasirin da suke yi a jikinmu.

Wani fili da ke Hertfordshire, da bai wuce nisan sa'a ɗaya a mota ba daga arewacin Landan, yana da wurin gwajin harkar noma mafi daɗewa a duniya.

John Bennett Lawes, wani mai wadata kuma mamallakin filaye ne ya ɓullo da tsarin wanda daga bisani ya yi nasara a takin zamani, maƙasudin shi ne gwada dabaru da dama na inganta noman alkama.

Amma ba tare da samun taimakon fasahar zamani ba, hanya ɗaya tilo ta alkinta bayanai ita ce a tattara samfuran gwaje-gwaje na busasshiyar alkama da ƙasa daga fili sannan a adana su a kwalba.

Da aka soma tsarin a 1843, Lawes ba shi da cikakkiyar masaniya cewa wannan tsarin zai yi karko zuwa shekaru 182, abin da ke ba da damar ajiyar samfuran.

A yanzu ana ajiyar shi a wata cibiyar bincike ta Rothamsted a Harpenden, abubuwan sun kunshi suaye-sauyen daga tasirin ayyukan bil adama a doron kasa cikin karni biyu da suka gabata.

Andy Macdonald, wanda a yanzu ke rike da rumbun tarihin a cibiyar nazari ta Rothamsted wanda sauran abokan aiki suka fi sani da "Mai kula da kwalabe", ya ce samfuran da aka tattara a shekarun 1940 da 1950 suna dauke da burbushin makamashi mai hadari - abin da ke nuna tasirin zamanin gwajin makaman nukiliya .

Sai dai akwai wani tarihi wanda ba a yi maraba da shi ba da ake iya ganowa a wadannan kwalabe na dadaddiyar kasa - lokaci na farko na bullar kananan robobi.

A cewar wani kiyasi da aka yi, muna iya hadiyar kusan kananan robobi 52,000 a kowace shekara kuma yayinda ake nuna shakku a kan wannan adadi, a bayyane take cewa suna shiga jikin bil adama sosai.

Ko dai an hadiye su ne ta hanyar abinci ko ruwan da muke sha ko ma ta iskar da muke shaka, ana samun wadannan burbushin robobin a ko ina.

Ana iya samun su a yawu da jini da ruwan nono da majina da kuma wasu gabobi kamar koda da huhu da kwakwalwa har ma da cikin kasusuwanmu.

Wannan duk ya shafi tambaya guda - mene ne ainahin abin da wadannan burbushin robobi ke yi ga lafiyarmu?

A samfuran da aka ajiye a cibiyar nazari ta Rothamsted, Macdonald ya ce akwai bambanci karara gabani da kuma bayan zamanin fara amfani da robobi.

An soma amfani da robobi sosai a tsakanin al'umma a shekarun 1920, kuma muka fara ganin karuwar amfani da su daga shekarun 1960," in ji shi.

Wasu da babu makawa sun kare a cikin kasa ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayi, kuma za ku yi tunanin ana barbasar da burbushin robobin daga tayoyin traktoci.

A yanzu a fadin duniya ana ganin bil'adama suna shakar tare da hadiyar burbushin robobi fiye da kowane lokaci a tarihi.

A wani nazari da aka wallafa a 2024, masana kimiyya sun gano yawan hadiyar kananan robobin ya karu da ninki shida tun 1990 musamman a kasashe da dama kamar Amurka da China da wasu yankunan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka da kuma Scandinavia.

Sai dai gano yadda suke shafar lafiyarmu wani abu ne mai ci gaba da zama mai sarkakiya.

Hanya daya ta ganowa ita ce ake kira "gwaji a kan bil adama' a likitance. Galibi ana yin haka ne a kan cututtuka masu yaduwa, ya kunshi samun mutanen da suka amince a saka masu kwayar cuta don taimaka wa masana kimiyya su fahimci tasirinta a jikin dan adam.

A farkon shekarar 2025, an samu mutum takwas da suka je dakin gwaje-gwaje a tsakiyar Landan kuma suka hadiyi wani hadi mai dauke da burbushin robobi da nufin a biya su.

Wannan bincike wanda gidauniyar Minderoo ta dauki nauyi, ya kasance karon farko da aka samu irin wannan gwaji a kan robobi - duk da cewa har yanzu ba a wallafa sakamakon binciken ba.

...wadanda aka gano suna da cutar mantuwa gabanin rasuwarsu suna dauke da burbushin robobi a kwakwalwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su da cutar.

Batun, a cewar Stephanie Wright, wata mai nazari a kwalejin Imperial da ke Landan wadda ta jagoranci gwajin, shi ne galibin mu muna wannan gwaji daidai misali a jikinmu a kowace rana.

Tawagar ta yi amfani da wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da mafi yawanmu ke shakar kananan robobin misali tsoma ganyen shayin da aka kumshe cikin roba a ruwan zafi ko dumama abu mai ruwa-ruwa a cikin roba kafin tambayar mutanen da suka mika kansu a yi gwajin a kansu su sha ruwan da kuma bibiyar abin da zai biyo baya.

"Mun san cewa dumama abu da ruwan zafi sune hanya mafi muni ta shakar burbushin roba kuma hakan ka iya saukake hanyar fitar da kananan robobi daga robobin da aka yi amfani da su," in ji Wright. "Don haka muna son mu duba wasu hanyoyi mu yi kokarin gano yawan robobin da ke shiga hanjinmu zuwa jcikin ini."

Domin tantance hakan, Wright ta gwada jinin mutanen lokuta daban-daban a tsukin sa'a 10.

Bayanan, idan aka wallafa gaba cikin wannan shekarar, zai samar da ainahin bayanan yawan kananan robobin da suke yaduwa a jikinmu daga kofin shayi ko abincin da aka dumama a na'urar dumama abinci da kuma girmansu.

A wajen Wright, irin wannan bayanan, zai kasance wani mataki na hanyar fahimtar irin illolin da suke da shi ga mutum ta fuskar lafiya.

Ta yi hasashen cewa irin wadannan kananan robobi da ke shiga jini mitsatsa ne amma duk da binciken da aka gudanar kan dabbobi, ba mu da bayanai kan yadda yawan burbushin robobin ka iya shafar lafiyayyen mutum.

"Akwai bukatar mu san yawan robobin da ke komawa jikinmu, idan aka kwatanta da ainahin abin da muka shaka," in ji Wright. "Sannan babban abin damuwar shi ne ina suke samun mafaka, kuma suna taruwa ne a wani waje?

Ba lalle ba ne jikinmu ya iya narkar da su. Wannan tambaya na da matukar muhimmanci kamar a bara, bincike da dama sun bulla wadanda suka bai wa likitoci mamaki.

A karshen shekarar 2024, masu bincike daga China sun gano kananan robobi a samfuran kashi da tsokar kwarangwal daga wata tawagar marasa lafiya da aka yi wa tiyatar sauya gabobi ko dai a gwiwar hannu ko a kwankwaso ko kuma a kafadu.

A binciken, masana kimiyyar sun bayyana damuwa game da sakamakon binciken, abin da ke nuna burbushin robobi a kasusuwa da tsoka na iya shafar yadda mutum zai motsa jiki yayin da wasu binciken ke nuna wasu nau'in kananan robobi ka iya shafar yadda kasusuwa ke girma.

Wannan ya biyo bayan wani binciken da aka yi a farkon 2024, inda wata tawagar masu bincike daga Italiya suka gano burbushin robobi a jinin da ke kai wa kwakwalwa na mutanen da ke da ciwon zuciya.

Cikin shekaru ukun da suka biyo baya, mutanen da ke dauke da burbushin robobin a jikinsu sun fi hadarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya ko ma mutuwar farat daya.

A Fabarairun 2025, wata tawagar masana kimiyyar kuma suka gano kananan robobin a kwakwalwar gawawwakin da ake gwaji kan su.

Musamman wadanda aka gano suna da cutar mantuwa kafin mutuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su da matsalar. "Mun kadu," in ji Matthew Campen, wani farfesa a jami'ar New Mexico wanda shi ya jagoranci binciken.

Campden da masu binciken na Italiya da suka gano burbushin robobin a jikin manyan jijiyoyin jiki sun daina alakanta burbushin robobi da ko dai cutar mantuwa ko kuma ciwon zuciya.

Suna ganin akwai yiwuwar wadannan robobin suna aiki tare da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya abin da ke kara yi wa jiki illa.

Daya daga cikin matsalolin da ke tattare da kokarin alakanta burbushin robobi da cututtuka idan aka kwatanta da wasu matsalolin kamar yawan jan nama ko kitse, shi ne lamarin na da sarkakiya.

Binciken da aka yi kan ruwan gora misali an gano lita guda ta ruwa na iya samun burbushin robobi daban daban da suka kai 240,000.

Daga ciki har da abin da masana suka bayyana a matsayin nau'ika bakwai na robobi kama daga nau'in leda da ake kira polyamide to polystyrene.

"Akwai nau'in robobi da dama, in ji Verena Pichler, wata farfesar hada magunguna da ke Jami'ar Vienna a Austriya.

Wani kalubalen kuma ga masu nazari kamar Pichler shi ne, a jikin mutane mabambanta, burbuhsin robobin na iya yin abubuwa daban-daban.

Ta ce bincike ya nuna wasu burbushin robobin na iya kwasar gubar da ke tattare a muhalli kuma suke dauke da karafa masu nauyi yayin da wasu sinadarai da aka hada a jikin robobi na iya haduwa da sinadaran hormones da ke jikin mutum.

An gano wasu burbushin robobin da ke zama cibiyar kwayoyin halittar gado da ke iya jurewa magani wadanda kuma suke haduwa da kwayoyin cuta don ba da juriya ga kwayoyi.

Couceiro na jagorantar wani bincike a Antaktika inda ake karbar samfura daga takrkacen da ka tattaro daga teku da nufin kara fahimtar nau'ikan kananan robobin da ke dauke da wadannan kwayoyin halitta.

"Bincike ya nuna akwai burbushin robobi da ke taka rawa wajen kara janyo ciwo wani abin damuwa," a cewar Pichler. "

Saboda yadda mutane ke shaka ko hadiyar burbushin robobi kala-kala, in ji Wright, abu ne mawuyaci saboda rashin kudi ga masu bincike su iya gano alaka ta kai tsaye tsakanin hadiyar kananan robobi da kuma wata cuta guda. Ba kamar shan sigari ba ne da aka gano tana haddasa kansar huhu.

Raffaele Marfella, farfesa a bangaren aikin likita kuma mai nazari kan kananan robobin a jami'ar Campania Luigi Vanvitelli da ke Naples ya ce yana zargin kananan robobi da burbushin robobi na iya kara tsufa. Marfella na ganin suna iya cimma hakan ta fuskoki da dama har da matsalar jini.

Marfella na ganin hanyar da ta fi dacewa shi ne kokari tare da gano hanyoyin da jikinmu ke iya jurewa kafin hadarin guba ya yi yawa. Ya ce tawagarsa a yanzu tana aiki a wannan fanni.

"Ba mu da cikakken bayani kan irin yanayin gubar amma mun fara ganin alamu," in ji Marfella. "Misai, binciken farko farko daga gwaje-gwajen da aka yi kan dabbobi ya nuna samun burbushin robobi na kilogram daya na nauyin jikin mutum na iya haifar da sauye-sauyen ciwo, in ji shi.

Sai dai zuwa yanzu, an gudanar da bincike kan beraye kuma fassara sakamakon ga bil adama na da sarkakiya, kamar yadda Marfella ya yi bayani.

Couceiro ya ce hadarin na iya bambanta da yanayin lafiyar mutum yayin da wadanda shekarunsu suka ja kuma suke fama da cututtuka ke iya zama mafi hadarin gamuwa da tasirin burbushin robobin.

Binciken da aka yi sun nuna cewa burbushin robobi da masu fama da cutar daji suka shaka na iya tasiri a maganin da suke karba ganin cewa wadannan burbushin robobin na iya sauya yanayin magungunan cutar daji a jiki misali suna iya rage amfanin magungunan a kan ciwon.

A yanzu, Couceiro tare da tawagarta daga jami'ar Portsmouth na kokarin fahimtar ko kananan robobin na iya haifar da hadari ga masu matsalar yankewar numfashi ko wasu cututtukan numfashi.

Couceiro na shirin yin gwaji kan samfurin majinar da ke fita daga huhu ko hanyoyin iska, don ganin ko akwai burbushin robobin da yawa idan marasa lafiya na ganin alamun ciwon.

Tana kuma kai ziyara gidajen marasa lafiya domin gwada samfurin iskar da suke fitarwa don samun haske kan nau'in robobin da suke numfashi ciki sannan a gwada tasirin wadannan robobin a samfurin kwayoyin jikinsu.

"Idan za mu iya haka a kan mutane da dama, muna iya gano abubuwa daga masu fama da matsalar yankewar numfashi ko matsalolin numfashi a yi magana da su game da abin da ke gidansu da kuma yadda suke kaucewa wasu abubuwan," in ji Couceiro.

Kamar masu nazari da dama a bangaren burbushin robobi, Couceiro na fatan tatatra bayanai domin ta tuntubi masu sarrafa robobi ta kuma ba su shawarwari kan yadda za su tsaftace harkarsu.

Misali, wani nau'in roba na iya zama sababin tada ciwon asthma ko kuma wasu sinadarai a jikin robar na iya zama mai fitar da abubuwa masu guba a cikin jiki, in ji ta.

"Mun san cewa burbushin robobi na ko ina, ko ma a cikin gida. Idan suna gaurayawa a cikin iska, kana shakar burbuhsin robobi kadan idan kana barci," in ji Couceiro.

"A don haka za mu so , idan mai yiwuwa ne, mu yi magana da masu sarrafa robobin kan yadda za su kaurace masu, ko za su iya daina sarrara irin wadannan robobin.

Misali, ga mutanen da ke zuwa asibiti domin karbar maganin cututtukan da suka shafi numfashi, takunkumin hanci an yi ne daga rona haka ma, bututun numfashi. Shin za mu iya samar da wasu hanyoyin na kare su daga shakar robobin ma?.