Yadda tarihin cinikin bayi ya zame wa Birtaniya alaƙaƙai

Ziyarar da Sarkin Charles na Birtaniya zai kai Kenya cikin makon gobe, za ta ƙara haɓaka danƙon zumunci tsakanin ƙasashen biyu, to sai dai ana sa ran a lokacin ziyarar sarkin zai yi jawabi a kan yadda danganta a baya ta yi tsami tsakanin kasashen.

Batun mulkin mallaka, da tambayoyi masu sarƙaƙiyar amsa, da kiran neman afuwa da biyan diyya na daga cikin batutuwan da za su mamaye ziyarar sarkin ta farko zuwa ƙasar da ke cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Rainon Ingila ta 'Commonwealth' , tun bayan hawansa karagar sarautar Birtaniya.

Jami'an masarautar za su buƙaci bulaguron ya kasance mai amfani da zai duba batutuwan ci gaba, to sai dai duk suna sane da yadda ziyarar da Yarima William da Catherine zuwa ƙasashen yankin Caribbean a shekarar da ta gabata, ta janyo muhawara game da batun cinikin bayi.

Masu zanga-zanga sun riƙe alluna da ke ɗauke da saƙonnin neman "Afuwa" a hukumance daga masarautar kan tarihin munanan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin cinikin bayin.

To amma masanin tarihin gidan sarautar Farfesa Heather Jones ya ce ko da sarkin na son gabatar da wata alama da ke nuna neman afuwa, fiye da 'alhinin da ya riga ya nuna', dole yana buƙatar samun amincewar gwamnati.

"A matsayinsa na sarkin da tsarin mulki ya amince da shi, dole yana buƙatar sahalewar gwamnati kan abin da zai faɗa a bainar jama'a'', in ji Farfesa Jones na Jami'ar London.

Kuma firaministan Birtaniya, Rishi Sunak, ya yi watsi da bukatar neman afuwar tare da biyan diyya, inda ya fada wa 'yan majalisar dokokin ƙasar cewa "yunƙurin rikita tahirinmu ba shi ne mafita ba".

Al'amarin ya sha bamban da na yankin Caribbean, domin a Kenya, maganar mulkin mallaka ake yi, saɓanin batun cinikin bayi da ake yi a yankin Caribbean.

To sai dai, al'amarin ya shafi sarakuna.

Da bazara, sarkin Netherlands Willem-Alexander ya nemi afuwa game da tarihin ƙasarsa kan hannun da take da shi a harkar cinikin bayi.

Ya ce sakarukan da suka gabace shi, sun kasa ɗaukar ƙwararan matakai da suka dace domin hana cinikin bayin.

Kowa na sane da irin maƙudan kuɗin da masarautar Netherlands ta samu a harkar cinikin bayi, musamman a ƙarni na 17 zuwa na 18, Inda Sarki Willem-Alexander ya ƙaddamar da bincike kan wannan batu.

Fadar Buckingham na goyon bayan gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa a kan alaƙar cinikin bayi da masarautar Birtaniya a ƙarni na 17 da na 18, wanda sarki Charles ke ɗaukarsa da "matuƙar muhimmanci".

Ana sa ran kammala aikin a shekarar 2026, to amma a baya-bayan nan an wallafa wani ƙaramin bincike a kan tarihi, wanda ya yi nazari game da ɗabi'ar iyalan gidan sarautar Birtaniya a harkar cinikin bayi a ƙarshe ƙarni na 18 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 19, lokacin da masu yaƙi da cinikin bayi suka yi yunƙurin hana wannan ɗabi'a.

Farfesa Suzanne Schwarz ta ce lamari na mai rikitarwa, inda kawunan iyalan gidan sarauta suka rabu a kan cinikin bayi lokacin mulkin Sarki George III, lamarin da ya janyo samun rarabuwar kawuna a Birtaniya.

Binciken nata ya nuna yadda makusantan Sarki George III guda biyu, ɗansa, Yariman Clarence, da ɗan ƙaninsa, Yariman Gloucester, suka zama manyan abokan hamayyar juna game da batun haramta cinikin bayi.

Farfesa Schwarz, wadda ta samu damar ganin takardun ajiye muhimman batutuwa da suka shafi sarauta, ta gano takardun da ke nuna yadda Yariman Gloucester ya zama babban jigo a gangamin haramta cinikin bayi.

Da yadda ya riƙa wayar da kan jama'a tare da shirya gangamin jawabai da ƙudurori a majalisa domin dakatar da cinikin bayi, ciki har da yin aiki da William Roscoe a Liverpool da ya jagoranci haramta cinikin.

Matashin yariman ya gabatar da jawabi a gaban zauren majalisar dattawan Birtaniya kan adawarsa da cinikin bayi, inda kai tsaye ya soki ɗan gidan sarkin.

Farfesa Schwarz ta ce bayyanarsa a gaban majalisar dattawan ta kasance wani "gagarumin ci gaba a gwagwarmayar haramta batun".

Domin nuna yadda ya taka rawa wajen haramta cinikin bayi, Yariman na Gloucester, ya kasance wanda ya jagoranci riƙe akwatin gawar shugaban masu gangamin hana cinikin bayi, William Wilberforce lokacin jana'izarsa a 1833.

To sai dai ya riƙa fuskantar adawa daga ɗan'uwansa, Yariman Clarence wanda ɗa ne ga Sarki George III.

Bincike ya nuna yadda Yariman Clarence, ya taka rawa wajen bautar da mutane a ƙasashen da Birtaniya ke yi wa mulkin mallaka, a lokacin da al'ummar Birtaniya suka nuna adawarsu da cinikin bayi.

Farfesa Schwarz ta Jami'ar Worcester ta bayyana shi a matsayin "babban wanda ya kamata ya nemi afuwa" kan cinikin bayi. Wanda ya riƙa "ƙirƙiro dabarun goyon bayan bautarwa, mataki da ya samu goyon bayan manyan 'yan siyasa".

A matsayinsa na mai ganin baiken waɗanke da adawa da cinikin bayi, ya ce a maimakon haka, gwara a riƙa yi wa waɗanda suka samu 'yancin kyakkyawar mu'amala.

Ya kuma ce ta fuskar kasuwanci masu son a dakatar da cinikin bayi na nema ama barazana ga ''Arzikin ƙasarsu, ga jijiyar kasuwancinmu".

Babban abinda ya ɗaure wa mutane kai shi ne ɗabi'ar mahaifin yariman Clarence shi ne, Sarki George III, wanda ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ta haramta cinikin bayi a shekarar 1807.

To sai dai ba a yi dokar da ta tanadi sakin mutanen da aka 'yantar ba sai a shekarar 1833.

Waɗanda suka mallaki bayin ne aka biya diyya, a maimakon sakin sakin.

George III bai mallaki bawa nasa na kansa ba, kuma a cikin wani bayani da ya fitar a baya, sarkin ya soki cinikin bayi, inda ya bayyana shi a matsayin ƙin jinin wasu al'umma."

Masana tarihin rayuwar George III sun yi nuni da hakan a matsayin shaida na adawa da bautar da ya ke yi.

Sai dai farfesa Schwarz ta ce binciken nata ya nuna cewa bisa daidaito, a bayan fage, yana adawa da yunkurin majalisa na soke cinikin bayi kuma yana da kama da ra'ayin 'ya'yansa kan bautar, ciki har da Duke na Clarence.

Ta rubuta cewa: "Mai yiwuwa ne gaba ɗaya Sarkin ya banbanta tsakanin dabi'unsa na sirri da kuma dabi'un da ya ke bayyan wa jama'a, kuma yana jin tausayin hukuncin da aka yanke na bautar a matakin ilimi yayin da yake tabbatar da hakan a kan dalilai da suka shafi al'amuran soji da kuma tattalin arziki," in ji ta.

Kuma yayin da ake ci gaba da ce-ce-kuce, an sace dubban daruruwan mutane, ana safarnsu ana kuma tilastawa bautar da su, har sai da bayan wasu yunƙurin da ba su yi nasara ba, an zartar da dokar hana cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807.

An bayyana wannan bincike game da halayen masarauta game da bauta a wannan zamani a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi fiye da wanda aka yi a baya", musamman wajen nazarin ra'ayoyin masu goyon bayan bautar, a cewar Farfesa Trevor Burnand, darektan Cibiyar Wilberforce a Jami'ar Hull.

Har ila yau, akwai muhimmiyar tambaya game da yadda za a iya yin hukunci a kan abubuwan da suka gabata a kan dabi'un yau - da kuma ko wani a yau ya kamata ya ɗauki alhakin ayyukan kakanninsa.

A wannan shekarar an sami yunƙurin iyali da dama. Zuriyar ɗan siyasan nan mai kawo sauyi a ƙarni na 19 William Gladstone ya nemi afuwar mutanen Guyana, a matsayin martani ga alaƙar danginsu da mallakar bayi.

"Ya amince da cewa bautar har yanzu yana da tasiri mai yawa ga lafiyar mutane da yawa da kuma matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a duk faɗin duniya," in ji dangin Gladstone.

Ga Farfesa Jones, sabon binciken ya nuna dangin sarauta na farkon shekarun 1800 na zamaninsu ne. "Ba a ƙebe su daga sauran al'umma ba, sun shiga cikin muhawarar siyasa da fafutuka," in ji ta.

Ta yi imanin cewa ga 'yan gidajen sarauta na zamani yana da wahala a shiga muhawara game da neman gafara ba tare da shiga siyasa ba.

Sarki Charles ya ci gaba da nanata mahimmancin bambance-bambance tare da ambaton rashin adalci na tarihi. A fili ya fi mayar da hankali kan ziyararsa a gida da waje. Kuma Farfesa Jones ta ce hanyar da za ta kawo ci gaba ita ce bude tarihi, a duk sabanin da ke a tattare da ita.

“Ina ganin ko shakka babu daga abin da ya ke faɗa cewa yana kyamar bautar da kuma ya amince masu binciken ilimi su yi cikakken bincike kan tarihin yadda masarautar ta shiga cikin harkar bauta, ta hanyar amfani da ma’ajiyar tarihin sarauta, da kuma buga abubuwan da suka gano, hakika yana nuni da hakan. "