Trump yari afite ububasha ahabwa n'amategeko bwo gutera Irani?

Kuva Perezida w'Amerika Donald Trump ategetse ko ibitero bigabwa ku bigo byinshi bya nikleyeri muri Irani mu mpera y'icyumweru gishize, abo mu ishyaka ry'abademokarate n'abadepite bo mu ishyaka rye ry'abarepubulikani bibajije ku bubasha bwe bwo mu mategeko bwo kugaba ibyo bitero.

Depite Thomas Massie wo mu ishyaka ry'abarepubulikani yatangaje ku rubuga nkoranyambaga X ko ibyo bitero "binyuranyije n'itegekonshinga", ndetse undi mudepite w'umurepubulikani, Warren Davidson, yanditse ko "biragoye kwiyumvisha ishingiro [ryabyo] rikurikije itegekonshinga".

Ariko umukuru w'inteko ishingamategeko umutwe w'abadepite, Mike Johnson, w'umurepubulikani, yashyigikiye perezida, avuga ko yasuzumye agasanga "akaga kari kubaho akanya ako ari ko kose karusha uburemere igihe byafata kugira ngo inteko ishingamategeko igire icyo ikora".

Yanavuze ko hari "umugenzo w'ibikorwa bya gisirikare bisa [n'icyabaye] byabaye ku butegetsi bw'abaperezida bo mu mashyaka yombi".

BBC Verify, ishami rya BBC rigenzura ukuri kw'amakuru, ryabajije inzobere mu mategeko niba ibikorwa bya Trump byari bijyanye n'ibiteganywa n'itegekonshinga cyangwa niba yari akwiye kuba yarabanje kugisha inama inteko ishingamategeko.

Itegekoshinga rivuga iki ku gikorwa cya gisirikare?

Hari ibice bibiri by'itegekonshinga ry'Amerika bijyanye n'iyi ngingo: Ingingo ya mbere n'ingingo ya kabiri.

Ingingo ya mbere ivuga by'umwihariko ku bushobozi bwo "gushoza intambara", ivuga ko ibyo biri mu bubasha bw'inteko ishingamategeko.

Ariko ingingo ya kabiri – ivuga ku bubasha bwa perezida – ivuga ko "perezida azaba Umugaba Mukuru [w'Ikirenga] w'Ingabo", ndetse abahaye amakuru BBC bo mu biro bya perezida w'Amerika (White House) bavuze ko babona ko iryo ari ryo shingiro ry'ibitero Amerika yagabye kuri Irani.

Inzobere ku itegekonshinga zavuze ko ingingo ya kabiri iha perezida ububasha bwo gukoresha imbaraga za gisirikare mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Ibyo bihe bimwe na bimwe ntibisobanurwa neza mu itegekonshinga – ariko nyuma byasobanuwe ko birimo "ibitero bya nyabyo cyangwa byitezwe" cyangwa "guteza imbere izindi nyungu z'ingenzi z'igihugu", nkuko inzobere zo mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku bubanyi n'amahanga cyo muri Amerika cyitwa 'Council for Foreign Relations', zibivuga.

Izo nyungu zishobora kubamo nko gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro kirimbuzi za nikleyeri – ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwavuze ko iyo ari yo mpamvu bwagabye ibitero kuri Irani.

Inzobere enye ku itegekonshinga zabwiye BBC Verify ko Trump hari ububasha runaka yari afite bujyanye n'ibyo bihe (bimwe na bimwe) bwo gutegeka igisirikare kugaba ibitero kuri Irani.

Claire Finkelstein, wigisha mu ishami ry'amategeko ryo kuri Kaminuza ya Pennsylvania, agira ati: "Igisubizo kigufi ni yego, hano rwose yari abifitiye ububasha."

"Hari imikorere imaze igihe kirekire y'abaperezida bajya mu bikorwa bya gisirikare byitaruye batabiherewe uruhushya n'inteko ishingamategeko."

Indi nzobere ku itegekonshinga, Jessica Levinson wigisha kuri Kaminuza ya Loyola Marymount, yavuze ko perezida afite ububasha bucye bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo kugaba ibitero byo mu kirere, igihe cyose "bidatangiye gusa [kumera] nk'intambara, ndetse nta nshoza [igisobanuro] isobanutse iriho y'igihe ibyo bibera".

Ariko Andrew Rudalevige, umwarimu wigisha iby'ubutegetsi kuri 'Bowdoin College' muri Amerika, yabwiye BBC Verify ko atemeza ko Trump yari afite ububasha bwo kugaba ibi bitero aherutse kugaba kuri Irani kuko nta "gitero gitunguranye cyo gutsinsura [gusubiza inyuma]" cyari gihari.

Nubwo ingingo ya mbere y'itegekonshinga iha ububasha inteko ishingamategeko bwo gushoza intambara, iyo ngingo imaze gukoreshwa gacye cyane.

Igihe inteko ishingamategeko iheruka gukoresha ubwo bubasha hari mu mwaka wa 1942, nyuma yuko Ubuyapani bumishe ibisasu ku cyambu cy'Amerika cya Pearl Harbor, kiri mu nyanja ya Pasifika, mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi.

Mbere y'icyo gihe, ubwo bubasha bw'inteko ishingamategeko bwari bwarakoreshejwe inshuro 10 guhera mu mwaka wa 1812.

Ndetse inzobere zanavuze ko kuba abaperezida bakoresha ububasha bwabo bwo gutegeka igisirikare kugaba ibitero badahawe uruhushya n'inteko ishingamategeko, ari ibintu bisigaye bikunze kubaho.

John Bellinger, wahoze ari umujyanama mu mategeko muri White House mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida George W Bush, yagize ati: "Mu myaka myinshi ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, inteko ishingamategeko yemeye inshuro nyinshi yigononwa ko abaperezida bakoresha imbaraga za gisirikare ku mpamvu zinyuranye nta ruhushya bahawe n'inteko ishingamategeko."

Jonathan Turley, inzobere ku itegekonshinga ikomeye ku bya kera, yabwiye BBC Verify ati: "Inteko ishingamategeko n'inkiko urebye byahakanye ibisabwa by'ishoza [ry'ibitero]."

Abandi baperezida bakoze iki?

Mu mwaka wa 2011, Perezida Barack Obama yatanze uruhushya rwo kugaba ibitero byo mu kirere muri Libya atabisabiye uruhushya inteko ishingamategeko.

Ubutegetsi bwe bwisobanuye buvuga ko ibyo bitero byari bifite ishingiro hagendewe ku ngingo ya kabiri y'itegekonshinga, ndetse ni na cyo gisobanuro bwatanze ku gitero Amerika yagabye muri Pakistan cyo kwica Osama Bin Laden mu 2011.

Ndetse muri manda ya mbere ya Trump, yategetse iyicwa mu mwaka wa 2020 ry'umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo za Irani, Jenerali Majoro Qasem Soleimani, nta ruhushya inteko ishingamategeko y'Amerika ibimuhereye.

Perezida Bill Clinton, wo mu ishyaka ry'abademokarate, yagabye ibitero mu karere ka Balkans ko mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi, mu myaka ya 1990, nta ruhushya yabanje kubihererwa, ndetse vuba aha cyane, Perezida Joe Biden na we yabigenje gutyo ubwo yategekaga igisirikare kugaba ibitero ku ba-Houthi muri Yemeni no muri Syria, mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwe.

Turley agira ati: "Ubu bubasha bwakomeje gukoreshwa n'abaperezida mu bihe binyuranye by'amateka yacu."

"Amateka n'ibyabayeho mbere birengera Trump muri iki gikorwa."

Mu gushyigikira Trump, umukuru w'inteko ishingamategeko umutwe w'abadepite, Mike Johnson, yatanze ingero z'ubutegetsi bwabanje, agira ati:

"Abaperezida b'amashyaka yombi [iry'abarepubulikani n'iry'abademokarate] bakoresheje ububasha nk'ubu bw'umugaba mukuru [w'ingabo] bwo mu ngingo ya kabiri."

"Perezida Obama yagiye mu gikorwa [gitero] cy'amezi umunani cyo kumisha ibisasu kuri Libya cyo gukuraho ubutegetsi bwaho. Sinigeze na rimwe numva umudemokarate ujujura na gato kuri ibyo, none bitunguranye, ibi [byo gutera Irani] birabaye, bahise basizora."

Andi mategeko yo abivugaho iki?

Abanenga ibitero bya Trump kuri Irani banakomoje ku itegeko ryitwa 'War Powers Resolution' ryemejwe mu mwaka wa 1973, nyuma yuko Amerika yikuye mu ntambara ya Vietnam, rigamije kugabanya ubushobozi bwa perezida bwo gushoza intambara atabanje kugisha inama inteko ishingamategeko.

Nubwo iryo tegeko ryemerera rwose perezida gukoresha imbaraga mu bihe byihutirwa atabanje guhabwa uruhushya n'inteko ishingamategeko, rivuga ko perezida "aho bishoboka hose azagisha inama inteko ishingamategeko mbere yo gushyira ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] mu mirwano".

Bellinger agira ati: "Ntabwo bigaragara ko Perezida Trump yakurikije ibi bisabwa."

"Nshingiye ku makuru yatangajwe kugeza ubu, bigaragara ko Perezida Trump mu by'ukuri ntiyunguranye ibitekerezo mu buryo buhamye n'inteko ishingamategeko, ahubwo yabimenyesheje gusa abayobozi benshi b'abarepubulikani."

Ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika byatangaje ko Chuck Schumer, umukuru w'abademokarate muri sena, badafite ubwiganze, yari yahamagawe nk'isaha hafi imwe mbere yuko ibitero bitangira ariko ahabwa amakuru macye.

Karoline Leavitt, umunyamabanga ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri White House, yatangaje ku rubuga X ko ubutegetsi "bwahamagaye mu buryo bw'ikinyabupfura ubuyobozi bw'inteko ishingamategeko bw'amashyaka yombi", ndetse buvugana na Senateri Schumer mbere yuko ibitero biba.

Iryo tegeko ryitwa 'War Powers Resolution' rinavuga ko inteko ishingamategeko igomba kumenyeshwa (guhabwa raporo) mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48 nyuma yuko igikorwa cya gisirikare kibaye.

Nyuma y'ibitero kuri Irani, Minisitiri w'ingabo w'Amerika Pete Hegseth yavuze ko inteko ishingamategeko "yamenyeshejwe nyuma yuko indege zivuyeyo mu mutekano" ndetse "twakurikije ibisabwa byo kumenyesha biteganywa n'itegeko ry'ububasha bwo mu ntambara".