Inyeshyamba zo muri Syria zatwitse imva ya se wa Bashar al-Assad
- Umwanditsi, Jaroslav Lukiv na Seher Asaf
- Igikorwa, BBC News i London
Abarwanyi b'inyeshyamba bo muri Syria bashenye imva y'uwahoze ari Perezida wa Syria wapfuye Hafez al-Assad, se wa Perezida wahiritswe Bashar, iri mu mujyi uwo muryango uvukamo.
Videwo zagenzuwe na BBC zagaragaje abagabo bitwaje intwaro bavugira hejuru ubwo bagendaga iruhande rw'iyo mva yatwitswe mu mujyi wa Qardaha uri mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, mu karere ka Latakia gakora ku nyanja ya Mediterane.
Inyeshyamba ziyobowe n'umutwe wa Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) ugendera ku mahame akaze y'idini ya Isilamu zakwiriye muri Syria mu gitero gitunguranye cyahiritse ingoma y'umuryango wa Assad yari imaze imyaka 54. Bashar al-Assad yahungiye mu Burusiya, aho we n'umuryango we bahawe ubuhungiro.
Amashusho y'ibibumbano hamwe n'ibyapa by'uwari Perezida Hafez n'umuhungu we Bashar byamanuwe mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu, Abanya-Syria basabwa n'ibyishimo ko ubutegetsi bwabo bwarangiye.
Mu yandi makuru y'ingenzi:
- Umutegetsi w'ikirenga wa Irani Ayatollah Ali Khamenei yegetse ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa Assad kuri Amerika na Israel, hamwe no ku "gihugu gituranyi" cya Syria atavuze izina;
- Israel yakomeje kurasa ku bubiko bw'intwaro bw'igisirikare cya Syria, nkuko umuryango ukorera mu Bwongereza ukurikiranira hafi ibibera muri Syria (Syrian Observatory of Human Rights, SOHR) ubivuga, ukongeraho ko kuva ku cyumweru Israel imaze kugaba ibitero byo mu kirere birenga 350 ku ntara zo muri Syria;
- Leta ya Israel yavuze ko abagenzura ibice binini bya Syria muri iki gihe badakwiye kugira ubushobozi bwo gushyira Israel ku nkeke, mu gihe ibihugu by'Abarabu byanenze ibitero byo mu kirere bya Israel;
- Inyeshyamba zo muri Syria zivuga ko zafashe umujyi ukize ku bitoro wa Deir al-Zour wo mu burasirazuba, ziwambura abarwanyi b'aba Kurdes.
Mu mwaka wa 2011, Bashar al-Assad yaburijemo mu bugome imyivumbagatanyo yo mu mahoro y'abaharanira demokarasi, biteza intambara hagati y'Abanya-Syria, yiciwemo abantu barenga 500,000, naho abandi miliyoni 12 barahunga.
Hafez al-Assad yategetse Syria nta mpuhwe guhera mu mwaka wa 1971 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2000 ubwo yapfaga, ubutegetsi bugahabwa umuhungu we.
Yavukiye ndetse arererwa mu muryango w'aba Alawites, ishami ry'abayisilamu b'aba Shia ndetse rya ba nyamucye muri Syria, abaturage bo muri ubwo bwoko bakaba biganje mu ntara ya Latakia, hafi y'umupaka Syria ihana na Turukiya.
Aba Alawites benshi – bagize hafi 10% by'abaturage bose ba Syria – bari bashyigikiye bikomeye ba Assad bombi mu gihe kirekire bamaze ku butegetsi.
Bamwe muri bo ubu bafite ubwoba ko bashobora kwibasirwa n'inyeshyamba zafashe ubutegetsi.
Ku wa mbere, intumwa z'inyeshyamba zirimo n'abo mu mutwe wa HTS n'abo mu wundi mutwe w'abayisilamu b'aba Sunni, witwa Free Syrian Army (FSA), bahuye n'abasheshe akanguhe bo mu mujyi wa Qardaha, aba bavuga ko babashyigikiye, nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters byabitangaje.
Intumwa z'inyeshyamba zashyize umukono ku nyandiko, Reuters yatangaje ko ishimangira ubudasa bw'amadini n'imico byo muri Syria.
Umutwe wa HTS n'imitwe y'inyeshyamba ifatanyije na wo yafashe umurwa mukuru Damascus wa Syria ku cyumweru, nyuma y'imyaka 13 y'intambara.
Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, umukuru wa HTS, ubu watangiye gukoresha izina rye rya nyaryo rya Ahmed al-Sharaa, yahoze agendera ku mahame akaze yiyitirira Isilamu, akaba yaracanye umubano na al-Qaeda mu mwaka wa 2016. Aherutse gusezeranya ubworoherane hagati y'amadini n'amoko atandukanye.
Intumwa yihariye y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye kuri Syria yavuze ko inyeshyamba zigomba gushyira mu ngiro muri Syria "ubutumwa bwiza" bwazo.
Hagati aho, minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Amerika yavuze ko Amerika izemera ndetse igashyigikira byuzuye leta ya Syria yo mu gihe kiri imbere igihe cyose izagaragara ko igezweho binyuze mu buryo bwo kwizerwa, buhuriwemo na bose kandi bwubaha ba nyamucye.
Umutwe wa HTS washyizeho leta y'inzibacyuho iyobowe na Mohammed al-Bashir nka Minisitiri w'intebe, wahoze ari umukuru w'ubutegetsi bw'inyeshyamba mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, witezwe kugeza muri Werurwe (3) mu mwaka utaha wa 2025.
Ku wa kabiri, Bashir yayoboye inama i Damascus, yitabiriwe n'abagize leta ye nshya n'abahoze muri leta ya Assad, baganira ku guhererekanya inshingano n'inzego.
Yavuze ko igihe kigeze kugira ngo abaturage "baryoherwe n'umutekano n'ituze" nyuma y'ubutegetsi bwa Assad.
Ahavuye isanamu, BBC / Sophie Williams
I Damascus, abanyamakuru ba BBC bakomeje kubona ibimenyetso ko ubuzima bwatangiye kongera kuba ubusanzwe, abantu bakaba barimo gusubira mu mirimo, n'amaduka akaba arimo kongera gufungura.
Joud Insani, ukora mu iduka ricuruza shokola ry'aho mu murwa mukuru, yabwiye BBC ko yashoboye gufungura iduka "nta bwoba", yongeraho ko yabonye impinduka nziza mu bakiliya bagana iryo duka.
Yagize ati: "Twongeye gufungura nta bwoba kuko abantu duha serivisi ubu ntibarimo kudutera ubwoba na gato.
"Mbere, buri muntu wese wazaga kutugurira yabaga ahagarariye jenerali cyangwa minisitiri w'umuyoboke w'ubutegetsi bwa Assad. [Ariko] Ubu, Imana ishimwe, ntibikimeze gutyo."
Muri rimwe mu masoko azwi cyane y'ibiribwa n'imboga y'i Damascus, umucuruzi yabwiye BBC ati: "Ubu turahumeka." Undi mugabo we yavuze ko "ibyishimo birakomeje guhera ubu".
Mu gace ka Joubar, ko mu nkengero ya Damascus, abantu bakomeje kongera guhura n'ababo mu buryo bugaragaza imbamutima, muri ako gace kahoze ari indiri y'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, kashenywe ku kigero kirenga 90%.
Monawwar al Qahef n'umugabo we Muhammad bahagarutse bwa mbere nyuma y'imyaka 12 yari ishize. Bombi barize ubwo babonaga ukuntu inzu yabo yahoze igizwe n'amagorofa abiri ubu yahindutse ikirundo cy'amabuye akikije urukuta ruhese.
Muhammad yagize ati: "Iyi ni yo nshuro ya mbere twatinyutse kugaruka. Ndumva ari nkaho ari jyewe wajanjaguritse."
Amakuru y'inyongera yatawe na Lina Sinjab na Sophie Williams i Damascus
