Afghanistan: Abana bashonje bahabwa imiti yo gutora itiro hakanagurishwa ingingo z'umubiri

Na Yogita Limaye

BBC News, Herat

Abanya-Afghanistan basigaye baha imiti abana babo kugira babasinzirize - abandi bagurisha abakobwa babo n'ingingo z'umubiri kugira babe baramaze kabiri.

Ku gihe c'imbeho (hiver/winter) kigira kabiri kuva aba-Taliban bagarutse ku butegetsi hanyuma imfashanyo ziva hanze zigahagarikwa, abaharurwa muri za miriyoni bugarijwe n'inzara.

Abdul Wahab avuga ati: "Abana bacu baguma barira, kandi ntibasinzira. Nta vyo kurya dufise."

"Duca tuja kuri farumasi, tukazana ibini tugaha abana bacu kugira bashobore gutora itiro."

Uwo mugabo aba mu nkengera za Herat, igisagara kiza ubugira gatatu mu bunini muri ico gihugu, mu kigwati c'utuzu duto duto tw'ivyondo cagiye kiraguka kuva mu myaka iheze, kikuzura abantu bomowe n'intambara n'ibindi biza vyizana.

Abdul ari mu mugwi w'abantu hafi 10 baje begera aho turi. Twarababajije, tuti ni bangahe baha imiti abana babo kugira babasinzirize? Nabo bishura bati: "Benshi, twese".

Ghulam Hazrat yaciye akora mu mufuko wiwe asokorora agapfungo k'ibinini. Vyari ibinini vya alprazolam - ibinini ku bisanzwe bihabwa abantu baba bafise ingorane z'umwitwarariko mwinshi.

Ghulam afise abana batandatu, umuto muri bo afise umwaka umwe. Ati: "Nawe nyene ndamuha". Abandi batweretse ibinini vya escitalopram na sertraline bavuze ko baha abana babo. Ivyo navyo ku bisanzwe vyandikirwa abayinze n'abafise umwitwarariko mwinshi.

Abaganga bavuga ko iyo ihawe abana bakiri bato kandi bataronka ivyo kurya bihagije, imiti bene iyo yonona igitigu (umwijima mu kinyarwanda), igatera 'izindi ngorane nyinshi nko kwama ufise uburuhe, n'ihungabana ryo gusinzira n'inyifato.

Kuri farumasi imwe, twasanze ushobora kugura ibinini bitanu vy'iyo miti ikoreshwa ku ma Afghani (amafaranga yo muri Afgnistan) 10, (nka 200 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi), ayagura ikimanyu c'umukate. Myinshi mu miryango twahuye yasangira ibimanyu bikeye vy'imikate buri munsi. Umugore umwe yatubwiye ko bari bariye umukate wumye mu gitondo, mw'ijoro naho bakuwudumba mu mazi kugira worohe.

ONU ivuga ko ubu "akaga" kariko karaba muri Afghanistan. Abagabo benshi mu karere kari ku nkengera ya Herat bakora ibikonkwano vyo ku munsi mu mirima. Bamaze imyaka babayeho ubuzima bugoye.

Hagati aho, igihe aba-Taliban bafata ubutegetsi mu kwezi kw'umunani, ariko reta yabo ntiyemerwe n'amakungu, amafaranga yaja muri Afghanistan avuye hanze yaciye ahagarikwa, bituma ubutunzi butembagara, gutyo bituma abagabo benshi kenshi bakabura ico bakora.

Ku munsi bagize igihamana bakaronka akazi, baca nk'ama Afghani 100 (ni ibihumbi bibiri birenga gato mu mafaranga y'Uburundi).

Aho twagiye hose twasanze abantu bafata ingingo zikomeye cane kugira imiryango yabo ntiyicwe n'inzara.

Ammar (siryo zina ryiwe ry'ukuri) yavuze ko yabazwe kugira bamukuremwo ifyigo haraheze amezi atatu aca aratwereka n'inkovu ndende y'aho babaze - n'ahaciye inyuzi hagitukura - kuva mu kaziba k'inda utera uja mu mugongo.

Ari mu myaka ya 20, yategerezwa kuba ari mu myaka iryoshe y'ubuzima bwiwe. Twanyegeje umwidondoro wiwe kugira tumukingire.

Yavuze ati: "Nta kundi nari kugira. Numvise ko ushobora kugurisha ifyigo ku bitaro vya hano. Nca ndajayo hanyuma ndababwira ko nshaka [kurigurisha]. Haheze amayinga make, naciye nvumva bampamagaye bansaba kuja ku bitaro."

"Barakoze ibipimo bikeya, hanyuma bantera umuti watumye ntasubira kumenya ubwenge. Naragize ubwoba ariko nta kundi nari kugira."

Ammar bamuhaye ama Afghani hafi 270.000 (arenga miriyoni 6,2 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi) kuri iryo fyigo, amenshi akaba yagiye mu kuriha amafaranga yari yaguranye kugira asumire ivyo kurya umuryango wiwe.

"Iyo turiye muri iri joro, irikurikira ntiturya. Maze kugurisha ifyigo ryanje, numva umenga nsigaye ndi umuntu adakwiye. Numva nihebuye. Hamwe ubuzima bwobandanya gutya, numva nzohava mpfa," niko avuga.

Kugurisha ingingo z'umubiri si ikintu gishasha muri Afghanistan. Vyahora bikorwa n'imbere y'uko aba-Taliban bafata ubutegetsi. Ariko n'iyo abantu bafashe ingingo nk'iyo ibabaza cane, n'ubundi basanga badashobora kuronka uburyo bwo kubaho.

Mu nzu ata na kimwe kirimwo, yuzuye imbeho, twahasanze umugore avuga ko hari haheze amezi indwi agurishije ifyigo ryiwe. Bakoresheje ayo mafaranga mu kuriha ideni - amafaranga bari baguranye ngo bagure ubusho bw'intama. Ariko izo ntama zaciye zipfa zihitanywe n'imyuzure mu myaka iheze, gutyo baca baratakaza aho bahora bakura uburaro n'uburamuko.

Ama-Afghani 240.000 (miriyoni hafi 5,5 mu marundi) yaronse kuri iryo fyigo ntakwiye.

"Ubu nta kundi turi bugire atari ukugurisha umwana wacu w'umukobwa w'imyaka ibiri. Abatuguranye amafaranga batwamizako induru, batubwiye ngo duhe umukobwa wanyu niba mudashoboye kutwishura," niko avuga.

"Ndamaramazwa cane n'aho tugeze. Rimwe na rimwe numva ari vyiza gupfa kuruta kubaho gutya," ivyo navyo bivugwa n'umugabo wiwe.

Kenshi cane, twarumvise inkuru z'abagurisha abakobwa babo. Nizamuddin ati: "Naragurishije umukobwa wanje w'imyaka itanu ku ma Afghani 100.000."

Ayo ntashika ayo ifyigo rigurwa, nk'uko twabibonye.

Ubu agateka k'abantu b'aha mu kubaho karatabagajwe n'inzara.

Abdul Ghafar, umwe mu ndongozi z'aho ati: "Turumva ko biteye kubiri n'amategeko ya Islam kandi ko dushira ubuzima bw'abana bacu mu kaga, ariko nta yindi nzira ihari."

Mu rugo rumwe twahasanze Nazia, akana k'agakobwa k'imyaka ine kariko karakina kagira utugugu na Shamshullah, musazawe w'amezi 18.

Se wiwe, Hazratullah, ati: "Nta mafaranga dufise yo kugura ivyo kurya, none aho nari ku musigiti natangaje ko nshaka kugurisha umukobwa wanje."

Nazia yaragurishijwe ngo arongorwe n'umuhungu wo mu muryango wo mu ntara yo mu bumanuko ya Kandahar. Ku mwaka 14 azoca arungikwa. Gushika ubu Hazratullah amaze kwakira kabiri amafaranga yo kumugura.

Hazratullah avuga ko menshi muri ayo mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kugura ivyo kurya, ayandi imiti y'umuhungu wiwe muto.

Ati: "Murabe, arwaye indwara zo kurya nabi" aho akaba yaciye aduza ishati yiwe ngo atwereke ingene akada kiwe gafoye.

Urugero runini rw'abana batarya ibidakwiye ni ikimenyetso c'ingaruka inzara iriko iragira ku bana bafise munsi y'imyaka itanu muri Afganistan.

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) ivuga ko igitigiri c'abana bazanwa ku mavuriro yayo yitaho abana barwaye kubera kurya nabi mu gihugu ciyongeye gushika ku 47% uyu mwaka ugereranije no mu mwaka uheze.

Ikigo ca MSF gitanga ingaburo muri Herat nico conyene gifise ivya nkenerwa bikwiye, ariko ntigifasha abo muri ico gisagara gusa, cakira kandi abo mu ntara bihana urubibe za Ghor na Badghis aho abafise izo ngorane biyongeye gushika ku 55% mu mwaka uheze.

Kuva mu mwaka uheze, barongereje ibitanda kugira bashobore kwakira abana bakeneye kuvurwa. Ariko n'ubu ico kigo cama kirengewe. Uko iminsi ihera, niko abana bazanwa usanga bakeneye kuvurwa indwara zirenga imwe.

Omid, ku mezi 4, apima ibiro 4 gusa. Abaganga batubwiye ko umwana asanzwe kuri ayo mezi aba apima nibura ibiro 6,6. Nyina, Amana vyabaye ngombwa ko agurana amafaranga kugira afate urugendo rwo gushika ku bitaro aho aboneye ko atanguye kudahwa cane.

Twabajije Hameedullah Motawakil, umuvugizi wa reta y'intara ya Herat ico bakora kugira bahangane n'ikibazo c'inzara.

Ati: "Ibi bintu vyatumwe n'ibihano mpuzamakungu vyafatiwe Afghanistan hamwe no gufatira amatungo ya Afghanistan. Reta yacu iriko iragerageza guharura abakeneye gufashwa ingene bangana. Benshi barabesha ingene bamerewe kuko bibaza ko baca bafashwa."

Ni insiguro yagumye ahagazeko n'ubwo twamubwiye ko twari twabonye ibimenyetso vyeruye vy'ingene ibintu bimeze nabi cane.

Yavuze kandi ko aba-Taliban bariko baragerageza kugwiza ubuzi.

"Turiko turagerageza kwugurura ibirombe vy'ubutare bwa fer hamwe n'umugambi wo kwubaka umuringoti utwara gaz."

Ntibisa n'uko ari ibintu bizoba ubu vuba.

Abantu batubwiye ko bumva barahebwe na reta y'aba-Taliban hamwe n'amakungu.

Inzara ni rwica-ruhoze, ingaruka zayo ntizama zica zigaragara buno nyene.

Kure y'amaso y'amakungu, urugero rw'akaga kariko karaba muri Afghanistan rushobora kutamenyekana, kuko ata n'umwe ariko araharura.