Abakirizi bahagaritse kwica abana b'abakobwa bakivuka ahubwo batangura kubatabara

Umwakirizi Siro Devi agumbiriye Monica Thatte, arira. Monica, ageze mu myaka ya 20, yasubiye iyo yavukiye - igisagara co mu Buhindi aho Siro yavyaje abagore amajana.

Ariko uko gusubira kubonana kwavuye kure. Hari inkuru ibabaje yateye ayo marira ya Siro. Imbere gato y'uko Monica avuka, Siro n'abandi bakirizi nka we bama bahatiwe kwica abana b'abakobwa bakivuka.

Monica, nk'uko ivyemezo bivyerekana, ni umwe mu bo bakijije.

Maze imyaka 30 nkurikirana inkuru ya Siro, kuva ngiye gukora ikiganiro na we hamwe n'abandi bakirizi bane mu mitumba mu ntara ya Bihar yo mu Buhindi mu 1996.

Bari bamenywe n'ishirahamwe ritegamiye reta ko bagira uruhara mu kwica abana b'abakobwa bakivuka mu karere ka Katihar aho, baremerewe n'abavyevyi b'abana bahejeje kuvuka, baca babica babatamitse ubumara canke mu kubaniga.

Hakiya Devi, uwukuze kurusha abandi muri abo bakirizi twagiranye ikiganiro, yambariye ico gihe ko yari amaze kwica inzoya 12 canke 13. Uwundi mwakirizi, Dharmi Devi, we yemeye ko yishe benshi kurusha aho - nibura hagati ya 15 na 20.

Ntibishoboka kumenya ata gukekeranya igitigiri nyaco c'abana bashobora kuba barishe, bivanye n'ingene amakuru yavyo yotororokanijwe.

Ariko baragiye mu cegeranyo casohowe mu 1995 n'ishirahamwe ritegamiye reta, gishingiye ku vyo bavuganye na bo n'abandi bakirizi 30. Hamwe ibigereranywa n'ico cegeranyo vyoba ari vyo, abana b'abakobwa barenga igihumbi baricwa buri mwaka muri buri karere, n'abakirizi 35 gusa. Ku bw'ico cegeranyo, akarere ka Bihar ico gihe kari gafise abakirizi barenga 500.000. Kandi ukwica abana bakivuka ntivyakorwa muri Bihar gusa.

Kwanka ivyo utegetswe, nk'uko Hakiya avuga, vyasa n'uko bitigera biba uguhitamwo ku mwakirizi.

''Abo mu muryango [w'umwana] baca bugara icumba hanyuma bagahagarara inyuma yawe bafise inkoni,''niko Hakiya Devi avuga.''Bakubwira ngo: ''Dusanzwe dufise abakobwa bane, batanu. Bazotumarako itunga ry'umuryango. Nitwatanga inkwano ku bakobwa bacu, inzara izotwica. None uwundi aravutse. Mwice.'

''None twari kwitwara kwa nde? Twaba dufise ubwoba. Tugiye ku giporisi, twari kugira ingorane. Tubivuze, abantu bari kutugeramira.''

Igikorwa c'umwakirizi mu misozi y'Ubuhindi gifise imizi mu migenzo, kikagendana kandi n'ibibazo vy'ubukene n'ubusumbane mu kwubahwa canke kunenwa. Abakirizi twavuganye bari mu migwi ihabwa ikbanza co hasi cane ku rugero rwo kwubahwa no kunenwa mu Buhindi. Kuba umwakirizi wari umwuga uhererakanywa kuva kuri ba nyina na banyinakuru. Baba aho kwanka amategeko y'abagusumba mu bubasha no mu cubahiro atawashora kuvyiyumvira.

Umwakirizi yarashobora kwemererwa isari, umufuko w'intete canke amafaranga makeya kugira yice umwana. Hari n'igihe ivyo atavyo yaronka. Havutse umwana w'umuhungu bahabwa hafi amafaranga y'ama rupi (rupee) 1.000. Havutse umukobwa bahabwa inusu y'ayo.

Imvo z'uko kwanka abakobwa bagakunda abahungu n'umugenzo wo mu Buhindi wo gutanga inkwano, uko babisigura. N'ubwo uwo mugenzo waciwe mu 1961, wari ugikomeye mu myaka ya 1990 - kandi gushika n'ubu urabandanya.

Inkwano ishobora kuba ico ari co cose - amafaranga, ibitako vyo kwambara, ibikoresho vyo mu nzu. Ariko ku miryango myinshi, iyikenye canke iyifise, ni ngombwa kugira habe ubukwe. Iki ni co, kuri benshi, n'ubu kigituma haba umunsi mukuru iyo havutse umuhungu, iyo havutse umukobwa naho ukaba umutwaro ku butunzi.

Siro Devi, umwakirizi umwe we nyene akiriho mu bo twavuganye, yakoresheje ingereranyo mu gusigura ubwo budasa.

''Umuhungu ntakoza amaguru hasi -ari hejuru. Umukobwa ari hasi. Umuhungu, afasha abavyeyi canke atabafasha, bose baguma bashaka kuvyara umuhungu.''

Kuba abahungu bakundwa kurusha abakobwa birabonekera mu biharuro vy'abantu bagize igihugu c'Ubuhindi. Rusansuma yabo ya vuba, mu 2011, yerekanye ko hari abakobwa 943 ku bahungu 1.000. Aho harabaye akarusho kuva mu myaka ya 1990 - rusansuma yo mu 1911 yari yerekanye ko hari abakobwa 927 ku bahungu 1.000.

Igihe nari mpejeje gufata amasanamu y'intahe z'abo bakirizi mu 1996, hari icari gitanguye guhinduka. Abakirizi kare bahora bemera ivyo bategetswe bari batanguye kwihagararako bakavyanka.

Iyo mpinduka yavuye kuri Anila Kumari, umukozi w'imibano yashigikiye abagore mu bigwati vya Katihar, hanyuma yihebera gurondera inyishu z'imizi y'ikibazo co kwica abo bana bakivuka.

Ingene Anila yavyifatamwo vyari vyoroshe. Yabaza abo bakirizi ati: ''Wewe wobikorera umukobwa wawe?''

Ico kibazo ciwe gisa n'icakabuye kwiyumvira ku vyo bari bamaze imyaka bakora, biyumvisha ko vyari vyo, uwundi mwanya bashaka kwirengagiza ububi bwavyo.Abo bakirizi bararonse imfashanyo y'amafaranga biciye mu migwi y'ikibano hanyuma buke buke iyo nzinguzingu y'ububisha iracika.

Siro, tuvugana mu 2007, yaransiguriye iyi mpinduka.

''Ubu uwo ari we wese ansavye kwica, nca ndamubwira nti: 'Ehe ndakwereke, mpa uwo mwana, hanyuma nzomujana kwa Anila.'''

Abo bakirizi baratabaye nibura abana b'abakobwa bane bakivuka imiryango yabo yashaka kwica canke yari yamaze guta.

Umwe muri abo bana yarapfuye, ariko Anila yarakoze ibishoboka abo bandi bane barajanwa ku murwa mukuru wa Bihar, Patna, mw'ishirahamwe ritegamiye reta ryaciye ritunganya ababarera nk'abana babo.

Inkuru yari kuba yahereye ngaho. Ariko nashaka kumenya ico abo bakobwa bahavuye baba mu buzima.

Anila yari afise ido n'ido ry'ingene ibintu vyagiye birakurikirana ariko nta vyinshi vyarimwo ku buzima bw'inyuma y'aho baronkeye ababarera bakabagira abana babo.

Nkoranye n'umugwi wo muri BBC World Service naratoye umugore yitwa Medha Shekar, mu myaka ya 1990, yariko arakora ubushakashatsi ku kwica abana bakivuka muri Bihar igihe izo nzoya zatabarwa na Anila n'abakirizi zatangura gushika kw'ishirahamwe ryiwe. Medha nasanze yari akivugana n'umugore akiri muto yibaza ko yari umwe muri abo bana batabawe.

Anila yambariye ko abo bana batabawe n'abakirizi bose amazina yabo yayatanguza na ''Kosi'', mu kwibuka uruzi Kosi rwo muri Bihar. Medha yaribuka ko Monica yari afise izina ritangurwa na ''Kosi'' imbere y'uko azanwa ku bamurera.

Ishirahamwe ryatunganya kurera ntiryatwemereye kuraba muri dosiye ya Monica, gutyo rero ntidushobora kuvyemeza ijana kw'ijana. Ariko amamuko yiwe i Patna, itariki igereranywa ko ariyo yavukiyeko n'ako gace ka ''Kosi'' gatangura izina ryiwe vyose bihuriza hamwe: Monica, ku mahirwe menshi, ni umwe mu bana batanu batabawe na Anila n'abakirizi.

Igihe nagenda kubonana nawe iwabo w'abavyeyi biwe ku 2000km muri Pune, yavuze ko yumva yaragize amahirwe yo kuronka umuryango umugira umwana wabo ukundana.

''Uko niko numva ubuzima busanzwe bw'umunezero kandi nibwo mbayemwo,'' niko yavuze.

Monica yari azi ko yaje kurerwa avuye i Bihar. Ariko twarashoboye kumwongerereza bimwe bimwe ku kugene yashitse ngaho.

Muri uyu mwaka, Monica yaragiye Bihar kuraba Anila na Siro.

Monica yibona nk'icamwa c'igikorwa c'imyaka myinshi gikomeye ca Anila n'abakirizi. ''Ni bo bakoze ico gikorwa gikomeye none ubu bashaka kubona icavuyemwo...urumva rero, ndifuza kubabona.''

Anila yarakoroye amasozi y'umunezero igihe yabonana na Monica. Ariko Siro yavyifashemwo ukundi.

Yarapfunagiye cane, agumbiriye Monica yongera akora mu mishatsi yiwe.

''Nakujanye [mw'irerero] ngo nkize ubuzima bwawe... Ubu umushaha wanje uratekanye,'' niko yamubwiye.

Ariko mu nyuma haheze iminsi mike, aho ngeragereje kubaza Siro vyinshi ku kugene yavyakiriye, yaranyankiye kugira ibindi vyinshi avuga.

''Ivyabaye muri kahise biri muri kahise,'' niko yavuze.

Ariko ibitari muri kahise ni akabi bamwe babandanya kugirira abana b'abakobwa bavutse.

Ubu ivyo kwica abana bavutse bisigaye ari bike ugereranije, ariko gukorora inda bivanye n'igitsina c'umwana yasamwe biracakorwa, n'ubwo amategeko yabibujije kuva mu 1994.

Iyo wumvirije imvyino za kera zivyinwa iyo umwana yavutse, zizwi nka Sohar, mu bice bimwe bimwe vy'Ubuhindi, akanyamuneza kagenewe ivuka ry'umwana w'umuhungu. No mu 2024, ni akigoro kugira abaririmvyi b'aho bahindure amajambo kugira imvyino ikeze ivuka ry'umukobwa.

Igihe twariko turafata amasanamu y'inkuru yacu, inzoya zibiri z'abakobwa zaratowe zatawe muri Katihar - umwe mu bisaka, uwundi iruhande y'ibarabara, amaze amasaha make avutse. Umwe yahavuye apfa. Uwundi yarajanywe kurerwa.

Imbere y'uko Monica ava Bihar, yaragiye kuraba urwo ruyoya aho rurerewe mu kigo 'Special Adoption Centre' i Katihar.

Avuga ko n'ubu ata mahoro yumva, kubona, n'aho kwica abana bakivuka vyagabanutse, guta abana bikibandanya.

''Iyi ni inzinguzingu...ndibona ndi aho nari mu myaka iheze, none raba hari uwundi mwana w'umukobwa yabaye nka nje.''

Ariko hari n'ivyo kunezerererwa bahurirako.

Uwo mwana ubu yaronse umuryango w'umugore n'umugabo umurera mu ntara ya Assam yo mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko. Bamwise Edha, bisigura umunezero.

''Twabonye ifoto yiwe, duca dufata ingingo ubwo nyene - umwana yatawe rimwe ntashobora gutabwa irya kabiri,''bivugwa na Gaurav, umugabo wo mu ngabo z'Ubuhindi zo mu kirere areze uwo mwana.

Gaurav rimwe na rimwe arandungikira video za vuba z'uducapo Edhen aba yafyataguye. Rimwe na rimwe ndaziha Monica.

Nsubija amaso inyuma, imyaka 30 maze kuri iyi nkuru ntiyigeze iba iyerekeye kahise. Yabaye iyo guhangana n'ukuri kutoroshe. Kahise ntigashobora gusubirwamwo, ariko gashobora gutuma ibintu bihinduka.

Kandi muri uko kurondera impinduka, harimwo umwizero.