“Twiyungeho cyangwa upfe” – Raporo nshya ya HRW ku Rwanda iravuga iki?

Raporo yatangajwe kuri uyu wa kabiri na Human Rights Watch (HRW) ivuga uburyo bukoreshwa na leta y’u Rwanda burimo kwica, gushimuta, gukoresha nabi inzego z’umutekano, urugomo, kwica urubozo, no gutera ubwoba imiryango y’Abanyarwanda baba mu Rwanda no mu mahanga y’abahunze n’abasaba ubuhungiro badashaka gukorana na leta, cyangwa se abayinenga.

Umuvugizi wa leta y’u Rwanda, kuri iyi raporo yatangaje ko HRW “ikomeje kugaragaza ishusho ncurano mbi ku Rwanda iba gusa mu bitekerezo byabo”.

HRW yasohoye iyi raporo ivuga ibikorwa byo guhonyora uburenganzira bw’impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro, mu gihe leta y’Ubwongereza ubu iri mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga iburana ku mugambi wayo wanzwe n’izindi nkiko wo kohereza mu Rwanda abimukira bahagera mu buryo butemewe.

Muri iyi raporo y’impapuro 115, HRW ivuga ko yavugishije abantu barenga 150 ahatandukanye ku isi barimo “abagiriwe nabi, benewabo n’abanyamategeko babo, abatangabuhamya, abanyamakuru bigenga, abahagarariye imiryango mpuzamahanga, n’abategetsi muri za leta”.

Iyi raporo ivuga ko HRW yabonye ibikorwa birimo ubwicanyi, gushimuta no kugerageza gushimuta, kuburirwa irengero, gutera ubwoba, kwibasira ku mubiri bamwe mu Banyarwanda baba mu bihugu birimo Australia, Canada, Ubufaransa, Kenya, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Mozambique, Ububiligi, Ubwongereza, Afurika y'Epfo, Tanzania, Uganda, hamwe na benewabo baba mu Rwanda.

Ku birego bwite bivugwa muri iyi raporo, HRW ivuga ko byinshi leta y’u Rwanda hamwe n’inzego z’ubutegetsi zimwe na zimwe bireba mu mahanga batashimye kugira icyo babivugaho.

Kuri iyi raporo, Yolande Makolo, umuvugizi wa leta y’u Rwanda, yatangaje ku rubuga X – rwahoze ari Twitter – ko “bisa n’aho HRW ikomeje nkana guhindanya ukuri ku Rwanda mu yindi raporo iyobya”.

Makolo yanditse ati: “HRW ikomeje kugaragaza ishusho ncurano mbi y’u Rwanda iba gusa mu bitekerezo byabo.

“Gusuzuma kose kutabogamye ku byo u Rwanda rwakoze mu guteza imbere uburenganzira, imibereho myiza n'agaciro k'Abanyarwanda mu myaka 29 ishize, kwabona iterambere ridasanzwe, rizana impinduka.

“U Rwanda ntiruzacibwa intege muri aka kazi n’abagamije inabi bazana ibifite imvo za politike.”

Ni ibiki biri muri iyo raporo?

Iyi raporo nshya ivuga ko leta y’u Rwanda ikoresha ihuriro rifatiye kuri za ambasade zayo mu mahanga na minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ryitwa Rwandan Community Abroad (RCA) mu “gushishikariza Abanyarwanda baba hanze gukorana na leta, kumenya no kwibasira abadakorana nayo cyangwa abayinenga, kubasaba gutaha, cyangwa kureka kunenga leta.”

Bamwe mu Banyarwanda baba mu mahanga bavuga muri iyi raporo ko bibasiwe ‘online’ kubera kunenga leta, bamwe bavuga ko abo mu miryango yabo bahatiwe kwamagana abo benewabo kuri ‘channels’ za YouTube zishyigikiye leta.

Iyi raporo igaruka ku byabaye ku bantu batandukanye ku giti cyabo mu bihugu bya Mozambique, Australia, Afurika y’Epfo, Uganda, Ubwongereza, Amerika n’ahandi ndetse n’imiryango yabo mu Rwanda, bigasiga bamwe bapfuye nka Révocat Karemangingo muri Mozambique, abandi baburiwe irengero mu Rwanda nk’abavandimwe ba Noël Zihabamwe, cyangwa umugabo wa Jennifer Rwamugira, n’abandi nka Cassien Ntamuhanga.

“Gukwiza icyoba mu mahanga”

Kuri bamwe mu bavugwa muri iyi raporo, leta y’u Rwanda mbere yatangaje ko harimo abarwanya ubutegetsi bari mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro irwanya leta ya Kigali, ariko nta bisobanuro byigeze bitangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe ku bandi batari mu bikorwa bya politike bizwi.

Iyi raporo ivuga ku muhanzi wari umusirikare w’u Rwanda Sergeant Robert Kabera wahungiye muri Uganda mu 2020, mu mpera z’umwaka ushize yaregeye polisi ya Uganda ko umugore we yaburiwe irengero akuwe mu rugo rwabo i Kampala.

Iyi raporo ivuga ko inyandiko ya polisi ya Uganda yo muri Kamena(6) 2023 ivuga ko uwo mugore “yashimuswe n’abakozi mu nzego z’umutekano za leta y’u Rwanda akajyanwa mu gihugu akomokamo (Rwanda) aho ari kandi ameze neza kugeza ubu”.

Iyi raporo isubiramo Kabera avuga ko abayeho mu bwihisho, ati: “Ubu, nimukiye ahandi. Sinasubira no mu rugo gufata ibintu byanjye. Ndasa nabi. Sinabasha guhindura [imyenda]. Ngedagenda aho hose mfite gusa igikapu cyanjye cyo mu mugongo. Ndyama gutya. Njya ahantu batanzi.”

Polisi ya Uganda yabwiye HRW ko Kabera yahawe ubuhungiro muri Uganda kubera ibyo avuga ko ageramiwe ku mpamvu za politike kandi akaba arindirwa umutekano kurushaho na polisi.

Iyi raporo ivuga kandi ibya Jennifer Rwamugira ukuriye ishyaka rirwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda RNC muri Afurika y’Epfo, uvuga ko arangije kwiga muri icyo gihugu yasubiye mu Rwanda aho bamusabye gukorana n’inzego z’ubutasi bw’u Rwanda akabyanga.

Mu 2014, Rwamugira yatangaje ko umugabo we yaburiwe irengero, hashize imyaka ine umugabo araboneka. Ati: “Tariki 30 Kanama(8) [2018] umugabo wanjye yararekuwe agendera mu kagare k’abamugaye. Neretswe iyo foto n’inshuti iri muri Canada. Nyuma ampamagara kuri video. Yambwiye ko atabasha kugenda. Ntiyashatse kumbwira ibyo bamukoreye, ariko yambwiye ko kenshi yari yambitswe amapingu muri iyo myaka ine. Yambwiye ko naceceka.”

Rwamugira avuga ko umugabo we yongeye akabura mu Ugushyingo(11) 2018, ko kuva icyo gihe atarongera kumenya ibye. Abategetsi b’u Rwanda ntacyo babwiye HRW ku ho uyu mugabo yaba aherereye.

Undi uvugwa muri iyi raporo ni Noël Zihabamwe wahunze u Rwanda mu 2004 akajya kuba muri Australia, avuga ko agezeyo ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Singapore (ireberera na Australia) yashatse kumuzana mu bakorana na leta akabyanga. Avuga ko yatewe ubwoba mu magambo n’uwari ahagarariye u Rwanda mu nama i Sydney mu 2017 amubwira ko ugerageza wese kutavuga rumwe [n’ubutegetsi] n’u Rwanda “azapfa”.

Mu 2019 abavandimwe ba Zihabamwe, Jean Nsengimana na Antoine Zihabamwe baburiwe irengero nyuma yo gusohorwa mu modoka rusange yari igiye i Nyagatare bagiye kureba umugore wa Nsengimana wari wafunzwe nawe yagiye kubashakisha nyuma y’iminsi nabo bafunzwe nyuma bakarekurwa atazi aho bari.

Noël Zihabamwe avuga ko kuva atangiye kuvuga ku mugaragaro iby’abavandimwe be babuze, abandi bo mu muryango we nabo bari mu Rwanda bakomeje gushyirwaho ibikangisho, kandi ababashije guhunga igihugu bafite ubwoba bwo gusaba ubuhungiro aho bahungiye.

U Rwanda ‘si igihugu cyo kwizera’ ku basaba ubuhungiro

Muri iyi raporo HRW ivuga ko ishingiye ku guhonyora uburenganzira bw’impunzi, abasaba ubuhungiro n’abatavuga rumwe na leta y’u Rwanda bari mu mahanga n’imiryango yabo mu Rwanda, isanga Ubwongereza budakwiye koherezayo abimukira.

Yasmine Ahmed ukuriye HRW mu Bwongereza ati: “Ibyabonywe na Human Rights Watch bigaragaza ko u Rwanda atari igihugu Ubwongereza bukwiye kwizera mu kubahiriza amategeko ku bigendanye n’abasaba ubuhungiro. Umugambi wa leta y’Ubwongereza uranduza isura y’Ubwongereza nk’igihugu kivuga ko giharanira iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.”

HRW isaba leta y’u Rwanda “kubaha ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo n’ubuzima bwite, haba mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga, no guhagarika gukoresha uburyo butandukanye mu kugirira nabi no gutera ubwoba abo batavuga rumwe cyangwa kwihimura kuri benewabo.”

Isaba u Rwanda kandi kureka gutuka abantu ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, mu makuru n’imbuga z’amakuru, kureka kwibasira abatavugarumwe na leta mu mahanga harimo kubagenza (kubaneka), gukurikirana ibikorwa byabo harimo gukoresha za ambasade n’amahuriro ya 'diaspora', gukoresha porogaramu z’ubutasi kuri telefone, gukubita, gushimuta, kwica n’ibindi.

Iyi raporo isaba ihuriro rya Commonwealth gutegeka u Rwanda kubahiriza ingingo zishyiraho iryo huriro zivuga ko buri munyamuryango waryo agomba kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, no kugendera ku mategeko.

Mbere, leta y’u Rwanda kenshi yasubiyemo ko ibivugwa na raporo za Human Rights Watch ari ibinyoma kandi zigamije gusa kwanduza isura y’u Rwanda.