Coup d’Etat ya Niger: Ivyo ukeneye kumenya

Umukuru w’igihugu ca Niger yari yitorewe n’abanyagihugu mu nzira ya demokarasi Mohamed Bazoum aherutse gutembagazwa n’abari bazwi ko ari abizigirwa, aba bakaba ari abasirikare bari bajejwe kumukingira no gukingira ubutegetsi bwiwe, bari bacungereye ikirimba ciwe.

Perezida Bazoum ni we mukuru w’igihugu wa mbere yari yatowe kugira ngo asubirire uwundi mukuru w’igihugu na we nyene yari yatowe muri Niger kuva iki gihugu kironse intahe y’ukwikukira mu 1960. Ubu, abamufise mu minwe bafuse ibwirizwashingiro ry’igihugu baca bashiraho Jenerali Abdourahmane Tchiani nk’umukuru w’igihugu.

Niger ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye vyo mu karere ka Sahel muri Afrika – akarere kava kw’ibahari Atlantike kagashika ku Kiyaga Gitukura. Aka karere karahanzwe n’inyeshamba ziyitirira iridi rya Islam kakaba kageramiwe n’intwaro za gisirikare.

Ibihugu vy’Uburengero vyamye bibona Niger nk’inkingi y’urutare mu kurwanya imidugararo no kuzibira Uburusiya kugira ngo ntibwiganze muri ako karere. Ariko ibi vyabonetse ko vyari ivy’akanya gato. Ng’ibi ivyo ukwiye kumenya kuri izi ndyane.

Kubera iki amakungu yitayeho Niger?

Nk’igihugu ca mbere kinini muri Afrika y’Uburengero, ni igihugu gihanzwe amaso mu nzira nyinshi.

Muri poritike, ni igihugu camye gifatwa nk’akarorero mu gutsimbataza demokarasi yatumye igihugu gitekana muri ino myaka ya vuba, mu gihe ibindi bihugu bibanyi vyayo, Mali na Burkina Faso, vyari bisinzikajwe n’ama-coups d’Etat ya gisirikare.

Mu buryo bwa gisirikare, ifise ibirindiro vy’ingabo z’Ubufaransa n’iza Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ikaboneka n’incuti nyayo mu rugamba rwo kurwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam.

Mu vy’ukuri, ubushikiranganji bwa Amerika bujejwe imigenderanire bufata Niger nk’”ikingi ikomeye y’umutekano wa Sahel” ikaba “n’incuti yizigiwe mu rugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba”, mu guhangana n’imirwi itari mike ifitaniye isano na Reta ya ki-Islam (Etat Islamique/Islamic State) canke al-Qaeda.

Mu bijanye n’ubutunzi, itunze ubutare bwa uranium – ikaba yimbura 7% vy’iyigurishwa kw’isi yose. Ubu butare bufise ikibanza kidasanzwe mu butunzi bw’iki gihugu ku buryo rimwe mu mabarabara makuru yo mu kugwa mukuru, Niamey, ryitiriwe ubu butare, kw’izina rya Avenue de l'Uranium.

Hagati aho, igihugu ca Niger kibandanya gishirwa mu bihugu vya mbere kw’isi bifise abanyagihugu babayeho mu bukene.

Kubera iki habaye coup d’Etat?

Akarere ka Sahel karangwamwo indyane kakaba gaharurwa mu turere turimwo umutekano muke kw’isi kandi na demokarasi iriko irasubira inyuma.

Imirwi yiyitirira idini rya Islam agisibije mu karere yarashinze ruraguma, aho yashoboye kwigarurira ubutaka ikanakora ibitero mu karere gahuza imipaka y’ibihugu bitatu hagati ya Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso.

Aba basirikare bagumutse muri Niger bitwaje ko ibintu bigenda biyangara mu bijanye n’umutekano, n’aho Niger yari ihagaze neza mu rugamba rwo kurwanya izi nyeshamba gusumba kure cane Mali na Burkina Faso imbere y’iyi coup d’Etat yabo.

Imigumuko ibandanya yiyongera yatumye abatari bake babona ko hakenewe inguvu za gisirikare zikomeye kugira ngo ihagarare, ari naco gituma mu turere tumwe tumwe benshi bashima iyi coup d’Etat.

Hagati aho, ntibiboneka na gato ko aba basirikare batembagaje ubutegetsi bazoshobora gushika ku kintu kiboneka mu kurwanya izi nyeshamba gusumba ubutegetsi batembagaje. Abafashe ubutegetsi muri iyi nzira mu bihugu bibanyi nta kinini barashobora gushikako.

Amakungu avuka iki kuri iyi coup d’Etat?

Ubufaransa, igihugu cahoze gitwara Niger muri ca gihe c’ubukoloni, ntiburya umunwa mu kwiyamiriza iyi coup d’Etat.

Itangazo ry’ubushikiranganji bw’Ubufaransa bujejwe imigenderanire rivuga ko Perezida Bazoum ari we mutegetsi yemewe, rikongerako y’uko Ubufaransa "butemera abategetsi bashizweho bivuye kuri iyi coup d’Etat ya Jenerali Tchiani".

Rivuga kandi ko Ubufaransa "bwemeza bwivuye inyuma ibisabwa n’amakungu ko igihugu gisubirana vuba bwango ubutegetsi bushingiye kw’ibwirizwashingiro na reta ya gisivire yashizweho biciye mu matora muri Niger”.

Umushikiranganji wa Amerika ajejwe imigenderanire, Anthony Blinken, asaba ko umukuru w’igihugu arekurwa bidatevye, mu gihe Ubumwe bwa Afrika, ishirahamwe ry’ibihugu vya y’Uburengero CEDEAO/ECOWAS, Ubumwe bwa Bulaya n’ishirahamwe ONU, bose biyamiriza iyi coup d’Etat.

Umuntu wenyene ashigikiye iyi coup d’Etat ni umukuru wa wa murwi w’abacangero b’Uburusiya wa Wagner, Yevgeny Prigozhin, avugwa ko ayifata nk’intsinzi.

"Ivyabaye muri Niger si ikindi atari urugamba rw’abanyagihugu ba Niger rwo kwikurako abakoloni”, niko asubirwamwo avuga ku rubuga rwa Telegram rwegamiye Wagner, n’aho aya majambo yiwe ata ruhande rwigenga rurayahinyuza.

Bifitaniye isano nyabaki n’Uburusiya hamwe na Wagner?

Co kimwe n’imihari yiyitirira idini rya Islam, abacangero ba Wagner basanzwe bakorera mu karere baraboneka ko bafise uruhara atari rwiza muri Niger. Bamwe mu bashigikiye iyi coup d’Etat babonetse bafise ibendera ry’Uburusiya hampande y’irya Niger.

Imbere ya coup d’Etat, Perezida Bazoum yaridogera "amasekeza y’ugukwiragiza ibinyoma" yakorwa na Wagner kuri reta yiwe – kandi nta nkeka ko Wagner yipfuza gukora muri Niger nk’ivyo ikorera mu bindi bihugu vya Afrika vyo kwimba ubutare mu ntumbero yo gukomeza ibikorwa vyayo.

Amerika ivuga ko ata cemezo kihari cerekana ko Wagner ifise uruhara mu gusenyura intwaro ya Perezida Bazoum, ariko ikavuga kandi ko ibintu bibandanya bicumbagira.

Ubu hari amakenga ko ubutegetsi bushasha bwa Niger bushobora kwiyonkora ku ncuti zabwo z’Uburengero bukegamira Uburusiya.

Mu gihe vyogenda uko, yoba ihambije Burkina Faso na Mali, ibi vyompi bikaba vyagiye kwiheka kuri Moscou inyuma y’aho ubutegetsi bwavyo busenyuriwe mu ma coups d’Etat ya gisirikare.

Ni zihe nkurikizi iyi coup d’Etat ishobora kugira mu makungu?

Reta ya Perezida Bazoum yari incuti y’ibihugu vya Bulaya mu kugerageza kuzibira abimukira bashaka kujabuka ikiyaga Méditerranée mu nzira zidaciye mu mategeko, mu kwemera kwakira amajana n’amajana y’abari bapfungiwe mu bigo vyo muri Libya.

Yafasha kandi mu gutuza abakora urudandaza rw’abantu mu cahoze kiboneka nk’inzira nyamukuru hagati y’ibindi bihugu muri Afrika y’Uburengero n’ivyo bindi vyo mu buraruko.

Iki rero kirashobora kugorana.