Icosubirira amavuta y'ikigazi kugira ntagume aronderwa cane

Na Katherine Latham

Igihe yururuka indege ku kibuga mpuzamakungu ca Sinagapore haraheze imyaka cumi, Shara Ticku niho yakuye iciyumviro co guhingura icosubirira amavuta y’ikigazi.

Uwo mukuru w’ikompanyi y’ubuhinga bwa none yo muri Amerika C16 Biosciences avuga ati: “Igihe nururuka indege i Singapore, vyabaye ngombwa ko nambara agafukamunwa.

"Umwuka wari mubi cane [mu kirere] kuko bariko baraturira amashamba cimeza muri Indonesia.”

Abarimyi bo muri Indonesia, bariko barategura aho barima ibigazi n’ibindi biterwa, nibo bavugwa ko baturira iyo miriro ikarekura uwo mwotsi waca ufundikira ikiyaga gushika muri Singapore.

Uyu munsi, kompanyi yiwe yashize kw’isoko icosubirira amavuta y’ikigazi gikozwe hakoreshejwe uturemangingo tw’umwambiro.

Gushika ubu amavuta y’amamesa niyo ya mbere yimburwa cane kw’isi aho angana na 40% y’ayakora kw’isi yose, kubw’ikigo kigwanira ibidukikije kw’isi World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Amavuta y’ikigazi arakora cane kandi henshi kw’isi mu makompanyi yo gutunganya ivyo kurya n’ivyo gushaza no kwigira mwiza kubera afise akamaro kenshi.

Ntaco yononona ko bihinguwe, ahubwo yongerako ukuremba, kandi agafasha ibihinguwe kubikika neza. Kandi atuma biguma uko vyari bisanzwe no mu bushuhe bwinshi, kandi ivyo bigatuma aba meza cane yo gutekesha.

Mu vy’ukuri arakoreshwa cane, ku buryo amavuta y’ikigazi uyasanga hafi muri buri kintu cose kigurishwa mu mangazini, ku bwa WWF.

Aho harimwo ibintu vyose kuva kuri shokora (chocolat), shampu (shampoo), pizza, imiti yo kwinyugumura (dentifrice/tootpaste), n’ibimoga (deodorant).

“Uko wogerageza kwose, umuntu uwari we wese arakora ku mavuta vy’ikigazi buri munsi’’, nk’uko bivugwa na Ticku. ‘’[Amavuta y’ikigazi] ari mu bintu vyose.’’

Ikibazo gica giterwa n’iryo kenerwa cane ry’amavuta y’ikigazi n’uguhonya amashamba mu turere aho ibigazi bishobora kumera – ututere tw’ibiyaya, dushushe, tw’akabombera hafi ya equateur [umurongo ugabura isi mu bice bibiri, ico haruguru n’ico hepfo].

Ikoreshwa ry’ubwo butaka mu kurima ibigazi, 85% yabwo bukaba buri muri Indonesiua na Malaysia, ryarongerekanye cane hafi incuro icenda kuva kuri hegitari miriyoni 3.3 mu 1970 gushika kuri hegitari miriyoni 28.7 mu 2020.

Mu mafaranga, icegeranyo kimwe cagereranije ko kw’isi nzima igisata c’amavuta y’ikigazi carimwo amafaranga angana na miriyaridi 62.3 z’ama dorari mu 2021.

Kandi kubera ayo mavuta abandanya kuronderwa cane kw’isi, ico giharuro vyitezwe ko kizoduga gushika ku miriyaridi 75.7 z’ama dorari mu 2028.

Kugira isi igabanure gukenera cane amavuta y’ikigazi, Madame Ticku, yahoze akora muri banki mu gisata c’imitahe, hamwe n’abo batanguranye, bashinze C16 Biosciences mu gisagara ca New York City mu 2018.

Bafashijwe n’amafaranga menshi bahawe n’umutunzi ruhebwa Bill Gates, iyo kompanyi yari imaze imyaka ituganya yongera inonosora ico gihingurwa, citwa Palmless.

Batara umwambiro uvamwo [ata bindi bikenewe] amavuta asa cane n’mavuta y’ikigazi hanyuma bakareza ayo mavuta.

Uwo mwambiro ushirwa mw’isukari y’igikaju kirimwa ku butaka busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kurima ibindi biterwa.

‘’Ico gikorwa cacu kimara iminsi itarenga indwi kuva ku ntango gushika ku musozo,’’ nk’uko bivugwa n’umuvugizi wa C16 Biosciences.

‘’Ku kigazi gisanzwe, ayo mavuta ntaboneka hadaheze imyaka myinshi kuva gitewe, kandi ibiti vyinshi vy’ibigazi ntibigera kw’isonga ry’umusaruro wavyo imbere y’imyaka indwi.”

Abandanya avuga ko iyo kompanyi ubu iriko ‘’irakorana cane n’ama kompanyi y’ibihingurwa vy’ubwiza n’ugushaza’’.

“[Kandi] dufise imigambi wo kuja mu gisata c’ivyo kurya mu 2024.”

Ikindi gituma amavuta y’ikigazi aguma aronderwa cane n’uko ikigazi gitanga umusaruro munini.

‘’Uronka amavuta menshi cane kuri hegitari (avuye mu bigazi) kurusha ikindi giterwa ico arico cose,’’ nk’uko bivugwa na Chris Chuck, umwigisha mu vyo guhingura ibirimwa kuri kaminuza ya Bath.

‘’Ibigazi bitanga ibiro 5.000 [5.000kg vy’amavuta], kuri hegitari ku mwaka, mu gihe icitwa colza/rapeseed gitanga 1.000kg kuri hegitari ku mwaka, nayo isoja zigatanga 1.000kg kuri hegitari ku mwaka.”

Gukoresha ayandi mavuta yo gutekesha bishobora kugabanya kutema amashamba, nk’uko avuga, ariko woca ukoresha ubundi butaka bwinshi ahandi kugira harimwe [ibivamwo amavuta].

Kugira hagabanuke ironderwa ry’amavuta y’ikigazi, Umwigishwa Chuck afise uwundi mugwi uriko urarondera kuvana amavuta mu mwambiro.

Umwigisha Chuck avuga ko we na bagenziwe bakoze cane kugira barondere umwambiro munovu bihagije utanga amavuta menshi.

Bamaze kugerageza incuro nyinshi cane, inyuma y’imyaka myinshi batomboza, bahavuye bashika ku mwambiro witwa metschnikowia pulcherrima, canke MP mu mpfunyapfunyo.

MP ngo ntugoye gutara, ushobora kuwushira ku vyatsi canke ku bisigazwa. Hageze kwimbura, uturemangingo twawo tuba twuzuye amavuta.

Kandi nta na kimwe kiwuvako giheza ngo gipfe ubusa. Ibikamvurwa vyawo birakoreshwa mu bindi bihingurwa, nko mu gusubiriza proteine iva kw’isoja.

Umwigisha Chuck avuga ko intumbero ari uko ayo mavuta ashobora kuguma aboneka.

Bamaze kugeragezaa bakabanona bigenze neza, uwo mugwi ubu ariko urerekeza guhingura ayo mavuta ku rugero rw’uruganda.

Hanashinzwe kompanyi yo gucuruza ayo mavuta yiswe Clean Food Group, muri iyi minsi yumvikanye gukorana n’isoko rya kijambere ryo mu Bwongereza ariko ritaratagazwa izina.

Umwigisha Chuck yizeye ko mu myaka itanu, dushobora kubona hari inganda z’amaritiro 500.000, zimeze nka zirya zikoreshwa mu mayengero (aho bengera inzoga) manini manini, kugira ahingure uwo mwambiro – hanyuma amavuta y’ikigazi aronke ayayasubirira biganya ubwiza.

None, turashobora kubaho tudakoresha amavuta y’ikigazi? Amavuta ahingurirwa muri laboratoire arashobora kuba kirumara mu kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibihe ritumwa n’uguhonya amashamba, hamwe no gukinga ko haguma hatakara ibinyabuzima vyinshi n’ubukene bw’ivyo kurya.

"Birindiranywe igishika cane candi biriko biramamazwa cane – hari abantu benshi bariko birijukira ico gisata. Kandi ivyo ni vyiza cane,” nk’uko bivugwa n’Umwigisha Chuck.

"Amavuta ahingurwa kw’isi yose ni menshi cane – uwari we wese arafise ikibanza.”