Sentare ya Onu yategetse Israel guhagarika ibitero i Rafah

Sentare nkuru ya Onu yaciye urubanza ko Israel itegerezwa guhagarika ibitero vyayo vya gisirikare i Rafah, mu bumanuko bwa Gaza.

Urwo rubanza rwari rwashingishijwe muri sentare mpuzamakungu y'ubutungane (ICJ) n'igihugu ca Afrika y'Epfo, kivuga ko Israel irenga ku masezerano yiyamiriza jenoside.

Ariko ICJ nta nguvu ifise zo gushira mu bikorwa imanza iba iciye.

Sentare mpuzamakungu y'ubutungane, ICJ, ni iki?

ICJ izwi kandi nka sentare mpuzamakungu ifise icicaro i La Haye, mu gihugu c'Ubuhorande.

Ni sentare nkuru ya Onu ica imanza z'ibihugu bifitaniye amatati aho amategeko mpuzamakungu aba yarenzwe - harimwo amasezerano mpuzamakungu nk'iryo mu 1948 ryiyamiriza jenoside.

Ibihugu birashobora kuzana urubanza muri iyo sentare mu gihe hari ibiriko birabangamira inyungu zavyo, canke kwitwara mu kibanza c'ibindi bihugu.

Ingingo za ICJ zitegerezwa kwubahirizwa ariko nta nzira ifise yo gutegeka ishirwa mu ngiro ryazo.

Mu kwezi kwa Ntwarante (3) mu 2022 nk'akarorero, iyo sentare yategetse Uburusiya guhagarika ibitero vyabwo kuri Ukraine ariko ico gihugu cirabiye ku ruhande.

Ni uruhe rubanza Afrika y'Epfo yashingishije muri ICJ?

Mu kwezi Kigarama (12) mu 2023, Afrika y'Epfo yituye iyo sentare ivuga ko Israel iriko irakora jenoside uravye uko iriko iragwana intambara yo gutuza Hamas mu karere ka Gaza.

Umugambwe uri ku butegetsi muri ico gihugu, ANC (African National Congress), kuva kera ushigikiye ico abanye Palestine bagwanira.

Afrika y'Epfo ivuga ko ico Israel itumbereye ari "kurandurana n'imizi abanye Palestine mu karere ka Gaza."

ICJ yaciye urubanza vy'imfatakibanza mu kwezi kwa Nzero (1), itegeka Israel gushira mu ngiro ingingo zitandukanye mu kwanka ko haba ibikorwa vya jenoside ku banye Palestine baba i Gaza. Yategetse kandi ko Israel ifata "ingingo zihutirwa" zotuma imfashanyo zishikira ababa mu karere ka Gaza.

Ariko, iyo sentare ntiyavuze nimba harabaye jenoside canke itabaye.

Ababuranira igihugu ca Israel bavuze ko ivyo Afrika y'Epfo ivuga "ata co bisa bisana" n'ukuri kandi ko ari "nk'agashinyaguro" ku masezerano ya Onu yo mu 1948 arwanya jenoside.

Kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere, igihugu ca Afrika y'Epfo carasavye ICJ gufata ingingo zitatu zihuta mu gihe abacamanza b'iyo sentare bari bakiriko bariga urwo rubanza rwa jenoside.

Aha harimwo gutegeka Israel "kuva ubwo nyene no guhagarika ibitero vya gisirikare" i Rafah.

Sentare yafashe ingingo kuri iyo ngingo yihutirwa.

Ivuga ko uko ibintu vyifashe i Rafah biri mu rugero rw'akaga, yategetse Israel guhagarika ubwo nyene ibikorwa vya gisirikare i Rafah, kwugurura urubibe rwa Rafah kugira imfashanyo zishobore kwinjira, no kureka abagira amatohoza ba Onu kwinjira muri Gaza.

Hamas yavuze ko ivyo ICJ yategetse vyategerezwa kuraba Gaza yose, atari Rafah gusa.

Sentare izoca urubanza ku kibazo ca jenoside ku rindi sango.

Jenoside n'iki?

Jenoside n'icaha gikomeye gikorerwa ikiremwa muntu.

Isigurwa nko kurandurana n'imizi umugwi kanaka w'abantu - akarorero ni nk'ako aba Nazi bashaka guhonya Abayahudi b'i Buraya mu myaka ya 1940.

Amasezerano yo kugwanya jenoside yo mu 1948, yagiye mu bikorwa mu 1951, avuga ko ari "ivyaha bikorwa bifise intumbero yo guhonya, bose canke igice cabo, umugwi usangiye ubwenegihugu, ubwoko, urukoba canke idini".

Ariko, kwerekana ata gukekereza ko reta ishaka gukora jenoside biragoye cane, kandi nta gihugu na kimwe kirahamwa n'ico caha.

Israel ivuga ko iriko irakora ibikorwa vya gisirikare i Gaza kugira ituze Hamas yongere ikingire abanyagihugu bayo.

Iyo ntambara yatanguye inyuma y'itariki 7 z'ukwezi ka Gitugutu (10), igihe abagwanyi ba Hamas batera abanye Israel baba ku rubibe, bica aboba bashika 1200, bananyuruza abarenga 240.

Kuva ico gihe, abanye Palestine barenga 35.000, higanjemwo abagore n'abana bariciwe muri Gaza, nk'uko bivugwa n'ubushikiranganji bwa Hamas bujejwe amagara y'abantu.

Abantu boba bashika imiriyoni 1,7 - hafi bitatu vya kane vy'abanyagihugu - barataye izabo.

Mu kwezi kwa Rusama (5), Israel yaratanguje ibitero i Rafah, mu bumanuko bwa Gaza, ituma abantu 800.000 bata izabo. Ivuga ko ikeneye gusambura imigwi y'abagwanyi ba Hamas igisigaye muri ico gisagara.

Umutegetsi w'ubushikiranganji bwa Israel bujejwe ubutungane, Gilad Noam yabwiye ICJ ko "hariko haraba intambara y'akaga ariko atari jenoside".

Yagize ati: "Iyi ntambara, nk'izindi ntambara zose, ni akaga - haba kubanye Israel n'abanye Palestine - imaze guhitana abantu benshi, ariko si jenoside."

Uko ICJ yaciye urubanza bizotwara iki Israel?

Israel irarahira ikarengwa ko itazokurikiza ingingo ya ICJ yo guhagarika ibitero vyayo i Rafah, canke ibindi bikorwa vya gisirikare muri Gaza.

Umuvugizi wa reta ya Israel, David Mencer, yabwiye BBC: " Nta gihangange na kimwe kw'isi codutegeka kwiyahura ku mugaragaro, kubera ibi ni co bisigura, guhagarika intambara yo gutuza Hamas."

Ariko urwo rubanza ICJ yaciye rushobora gutera intege abandi bashaka kwitwarira Israel, nk'ugusaba amareta ngo ahagarike guha ico gihugu ibigwanisho.