Niger: Ikibazo gikomeye kuri Demokrasi mu burengero bwa Afrika

Prezida Bola Tinubu, arongoye igihugu ca Nigeria c'igihangange muri ako karere, abona ko itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi muri Niger nk'ikibazo gikomeye kuri demokrasi yo mu burengero bwa Afrika.

Inyuma y'indwi zitatu gusa ashikiriye uburongozi bw'ishirahamwe ry'akarere rya CEDEAO, ahanganye n'ikibazo gikomeye muvyo imigenderanire kuva igisirikare gifashe ubutegetsi muri Niger - igihugu bari bafadikanije mu kugwanya intagondwa z'aba Islam zitema zigatongora mu gice kinini ca Afrika y'uburengero.

Tinubu yarerekanye impungenge kw'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi muri Burkina Faso, Mali na Guinee igihe yashika ku butegetsi bwa Nigeria mu kwezi kwa gatanu, avuga ko CEDEAO ikeneye gukomeza ingabo z'ako karere mu gukumira ibindi bikorwa nk'ivyo no mu kugwanya imigwi y'intagondwa z'aba Islam.

Rero igihe prezida Mohamed Bazoum yatembagazwa ku butegetsi n'abamucungerera ubuzima mu ndwi iheze, yaciye anyaruka mu gutumako inama y'abakuru b'ibihugu vy'akarere ko mu burengero bwa Afrika ku ngoro yiwe ku musi wa Mungu.

Iryo shirahamwe ry'akerere ryumvikanye gufatira ibihano Niger. Ivyo vyatumye haba ibibazo vy'umuyagankuba i Niamey ku mugwa mukuru wa Niger hamwe no mu bindi bisagara, mu gihe Nigeria yahagaritse uwo yahora iha ico gihugu, nk'uko bivugwa n'ishirahamwe rya Niger rijejwe umuyagankuba.

CEDEAO kandi yaragabishije abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi muri Niger - "subiza ubutegetsi prezida yatowe mu kiringo kitarenze indwi imwe canke CEDEAO ifate " ingingo zose zikenewe kugira isubize ibintu mu buryo".

Iryo tangazo ryongerako ko "izo ngingo zishobora kubamwo ikoreshwa ry'inguvu" kandi ko abakuru ba gisirikare bagiye guhura "vyihuta."

N'aho abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bituye sentare biyamiriza intsinzi ya Tinubu, bavuga ko amatora yibwe, yifata nk'umu demokrate yagiye mu myiyamamazo ahanganye n'intwaro za gisirikare zo mu myaka ya 1980.

Umusesenguzi w'umunye Nigeria Wole Ojewale wo mu kigo Institute for Security Studies (ISS), agira ati:"Nibaza ko abona iri tembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi nk'igitutsi ku biranga demokrasi, cane cane muri iki gihe ari we arongoye CEDEAO."

Ikindi gikomeye gusumba, n'uko iryo tembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi rifise ingaruka kuri Nigeria. Ivyo bihugu bibiri bisangiye urubibe rurenza ibirometero 1.500, bikaba kandi bifitaniye ubucuti bukomeye mu mico n'ubudandaji vyo kuva imbere y'ubukoloni aho vyose vyari bigize igihugu ca Sokoto.

Umutekano w'ivyo bihugu birawusangiye. Umugwi witwaje ibigwanisho wa Boko Haram waragize ibitero muri ivyo bihugu vyose, hakaba hari igisirikare kigizwe n'ingabo za Nigeria, Niger, Tchad na Cameroun kiwugwanya.

Abafasha ivyo bihugu "mu mikenyuro n'ubuhinga " harimwo Ubwongereza, Reta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubufaransa, ivyo bihugu bibiri vya nyuma bikaba bifise ibirindiro vya gisirikare muri Niger.

Mu gihe Niger yimbuye ubutare bwa uranium bungana n'ibice 4% vy'ubwimbuwe kw'isi mu 2022, ico gihugu kiri mu kibanza c'indwi mu vyimbura uranium nyinshi kw'isi, kandi kikaba ari co gifise ikirombe kinini ca uranium muri Afrika.

Yaba CEDEAO canke incuti zayo za buraya, nta n'umwe yipfuza ko ubwo butare - bukoreshwa mu gisivile no mu gisirikare - bugwa mu minwe itari yo muri ako karere aho abiyitirira idini rya Islam, Uburusiya hamwe n'umugwi w'abacangero wa Wagner babandanya gukwiragira.

Inyuma y'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi, ibihugu vya Mali na Burkina Faso vyaciye bihindukirira mu Burusiya, n'abafashe ubutegetsi muri Niger basa n'uko bashaka gukurikira iyo nzira.

Prezida wa Tchad Mahamat Idris Déby Itno - yashizwe ku butegetsi n'igisirikare ciwe inyuma y'aho se wiwe yiciwe n'abitwaje ibigwanisho mu 2021 - yaragiye muri Niger ku musi w'Imana guhimiriza abafashe ubutegetsi gufata nka nkama igihe ntarengwa bahawe na CEDEAO.

Tchad ntiri muri iryo shirahamwe ry'akarere, ariko Déby yaritavye iyo nama yo ku musi wa Mungu. Nk'umusirikare akomeye, yabonwa nk'uwushobora kuyaga bahuza n'abatembagaje ubutegetsi no kubagondoza kubusubiza.

Ariko abo basirikare baramwankiye.

Ahubwo, baciye bongereza imvugo yiyamiriza abanya Buraya na CEDEAO, hanyuma abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi babashigikiye bakaba barihereje amabarabara ku mugwa mukuru Niamey, ku musi w'Imana. Bamwe muri bo barateye inzu y'ubuserukizi bw'Ubufaransa bashize ibendera ry'Uburusiya hejuru.

Ariko ntibiramenyekana nimba abo basirikare bafise abantu benshi babashigikiye muri Niger - abarenga igice c'abanyagihugu bari banezerejwe n'ingene demokrasi iriko irakora mu gihugu cabo, nk'uko biri mu matohoza yakozwe n'ikigo cizewe cane ca Afrobarometer.

Ibihugu vya Tanzania, Zambia, Sierra Leone na Mauritania vyonyene ni vyo vyemejwe ko birimwo demokrasi nyayo muri 36 vyagizwemo amatohoza.

Ariko, bibiri vya gatatu y'ivyo vyagizwemwo amatohoza bivuga ko abajejwe umutekano bashobora gutabara mu gihe abategetsi batowe bakoresheje nabi ubutegetsi. Ico ni co citwazo c'abo batembagaza ubutegetsi, co kimwe n'ababashigikiye, kenshi bakoresha mu gusigura ivyo bakoze.

Abatembagaje ubutegetsi muri Mali no muri Burkina Faso baragabishije CEDEAO kudahirahira ngo batere Niger, bavuga ko kuzoba ari " gutera ivyo bihugu" ko kandi bashobora kuja gutabara bagenzi babo batembagaje ubutegetsi muri Niger.

Rero ibitero vya gisirikare bishobora gutuma intambara yiyongera gusumba.

Ariko, CEDEAO iramaze kurungika abasirikare bayo mu bihugu bitari bike - harimwo Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinnee Bissau na Gambia - bagiye guhagarika intambara, gusubiza ku butegetsi prezida yabukuweko canke gukura ku butegetsi uwanse kubuvako yanse kwemera ko yatsinzwe mu matora.

Ivyo bikorwa vyaba bijanye n'ubutumwa bwo "amahoro n'umutekano mu karere", n'aho abasirikare b'iryo shirahamwe bagirijwe ariko hamwe hamwe guhonyanga agateka ka zina muntu.

Ojewale ntazi neza nimba iryo shirahamwe rifise ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bwo gutera muri Niger - igihugu kinini kigizwe n'ubugaragwa ku nkengera ya Sahara - cane cane mu gihe vyinshi mu bihugu bigize iryo shirahamwe harimwo na Nigeria, bihanganye n'ikibazo c'umutekano.

Agira ati:"Uburyo buke bafise bushobora kugabanuka cane."

Uwo musesenguze yibaza ko intambara hagati y'izo mpande zibiri ishobora "kubura uwuyitsinda", ikaza ahubwo kunyura ivyari bisanzwe bihuha ku bantu bo muri ako karere.

Ati:"Hashobora kuba abahagwa benshi mu gihe hari abantu bokwisanga hagati y'abo bagwana."

Yongerako ko inyishu amakungu agizemwo uruhara kuri ico kibazo zishobora kuba nziza gusumba.

Hari kandi ibibazo vyerekeye umutekano wa prezida yakuwe ku butegetsi, apfunzwe n'abamukuye ku butegetsi.

Uwundi musesenguzi, Jaafar Abubakar, yemeza ko ashobora kuba "ingwati" mu gihe hoba itana mu mitwe hagati ya CEDEAO n'abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi.

Yagize kandi ati:"Ku neza y'abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi prezida Bazoum yoguma ari muzima kandi ameze neza. Mu gihe bomwica, boba babaye nk'abitwaje ibigwanisho batagira ikintu na kimwe cemeza ico bari."