Uko Amerika irimo kureshya ibihugu bitatu byo muri Afurika bibanye neza n'Uburusiya

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangaje impinduka ikomeye muri politiki yazo ku bihugu bitatu byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba bihanganye n'inyeshyamba z'Abayisilamu, kandi bifite za guverinoma za gisirikare zahagaritse ubufatanye mu by'umutekano n'Ubufaransa zikiyegereza u Burusiya.

Ibiro bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga (State Department) byatangaje ko Nick Checker, umukuru w'ishami rishinzwe Afurika, azasura umurwa mukuru wa Mali, Bamako, agamije kugeza ku bakuru b'iki gihugu ubutumwa bw'uko Amerika "yubaha ubwigenge bwa Mali" no gutangiza "inzira nshya" mu mubano w'ibihugu byombi, hibukwa kandi ko habayeho "amakosa ya politiki mu bihe byashize".

Iryo tangazo ryongeraho ko Amerika itegereje no gukorana bya hafi na Mali n'ibihugu bifatanyije nayo ari byo Burkina Faso na Niger, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inyungu rusange mu mutekano n'ubukungu.

Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Joe Biden, Amerika yari yarahagaritse ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare nyuma y'ihirikwa ry'abaperezida batowe n'abaturage muri ibyo bihugu bitatu hagati ya 2020 na 2023, aho na n'ubu Mohamed Bazoum wahoze ari Perezida wa Niger agifungiye mu rugo rwe.

Iri tangazo rya Amerika rigaragaza ku mugaragaro impinduka ikomeye ya politiki yari imaze igihe igaragara, cyane cyane mu mezi 12 akurikiyehoya mbere, nyuma y'uko Donald Trump agarutse ku buyobozi bwa Amerika.

Iyo mpinduka yatangiriye ku ifungwa rya USAID, ikigo cyatangaga inkunga y'iterambere muri ako karere, ibintu byabaye hashize iminsi mike Trump arahiriye manda nshya.

Nyuma yaho, hakurikiyeho ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko Amerika igiye kwibanda cyane ku mutekano n'umusaruro w'amabuye y'agaciro, mu gihe iterambere n'imiyoborere myiza byashyizwe ku ruhande.

Itangazo rijyanye n'uruzinduko rwa Checker rirushaho gutangaza neza ko Amerika yubaha ubwigenge bwa Mali. Ubu butumwa bukaba bwishimiwe cyane i Bamako no muri biriya bihugu bifatanya na yo, aho abategetsi ba gisirikare bubakiye ubwamamare bwabo ku ngingo zo kwigira no kwamagana Ubufaransa nk'igihugu cyabakoronije.

Perezida wa Burkina Faso, Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré, yiyerekana nk'intangarugero mu guhangana n'"ubwami bw'amahanga" n'"ubukoloni bushya". Binyuze cyane kuri murandasi. aho amaze kwigarurira abafana benshi, by'umwihariko urubyiruko rwo muri Afurika no hanze yayo.

Ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwagaragaje ko budashyira imbere impungenge ku kuba izo guverinoma zaranze demokarasi ishingiye ku itegekonshinga ryo mu buryo bw'Uburayi, aho abayobozi batorwa n'abaturage.

Massad Boulos, umujyanama mukuru wa Amerika ku byerekeye Afurika akaba n'inshuti ya hafi ya Trump, yabwiye ikinyamakuru cy'Abafaransa Le Monde umwaka ushize ati:

"Demokarasi ni ikintu cyiza, ariko politiki yacu si ukwivanga mu miyoborere y'ibindi bihugu. Abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uburyo bw'imiyoborere babona bubabereye."

Iyi myumvire igaragaza impinduka ikomeye cyane muri politiki ya Amerika ugereranyije n'uko byari bisanzwe.

Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Joe Biden, Jenerali Michael Langley, wari ukuriye Ingabo za Amerika ku mugabane wa Afurika (AFRICOM) kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu 2025, yashimangiraga akamaro ko guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza no kurengera ibidukikije, abifata nk'ibyunganira inkunga ya gisirikare.

Ariko umwaka ushize, nyuma y'uko Donald Trump agarutse ku butegetsi , yavuze ko gushyigikira intambara yo kurwanya iterabwoba ari byo byashyizwe imbere cyane.

Ibi bigaragara cyane muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, ubutumwa bwongeye gushimangirwa na Rudolph Attalah, ukuriye ibijyanye no kurwanya iterabwoba, ubwo yasuraga Bamako umwaka ushize.

Nyuma y'aho, mu kwezi gushize, umukuru wungirije wa AFRICOM, Jenerali John Brennan, yemeje ko Amerika ikomeje gushyigikira ku buryo bufatika ibihugu bitatu biyoborwa n'ingabo mu rugamba rwo kurwanya imitwe y'aba-jihadiste, cyane cyane umutwe wa Leta ya Kisilamu (Islamic State).

Impamvu eshatu nyamukuru ni zo zigaragara nk'iziri inyuma y'iyi mpinduka mu buryo bwa Trump.

Icya mbere, Amerika, kimwe n'u Burayi, bikomeje guhangayikishwa n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z'umutekano muke uterwa n'imitwe y'aba-jihadiste ikorera mu gace ka Sahel, agace k'isi kegeranye n'ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Dukurikije ibisobanuro bimwe, aka karere ubu kabarirwamo hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'impfu zose ziterwa n'iterabwoba ku isi.

N'ubwo hafi ya bose bapfa ari abaturage baho, muri Amerika hari impungenge ko kuba za leta zidafite ubugenzuzi ku bice binini by'ibihugu byazo byatuma habaho ibirindiro byizewe by'imitwe y'aba-jihadiste, bikayifasha gukura no kwagura ibikorwa byayo.

Abadipolomate n'abasesenguzi ubu basigaye basobanura aka karere nk'"ihuriro nyamukuru ry'iterabwoba ku isi", ibintu bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano mpuzamahanga mu gihe kirekire.

Mu gace kazwi nka "tri-border region", aho ibihugu bya Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger bihurira, ishami rya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba rya Leta ya Kisilamu (Islamic State in the Greater Sahara – ISGS) rirakora cyane.

Urwibutso rushya rw'uburemere bw'iki kibazo rwatanzwe mu cyumweru gishize gusa, ubwo habaga igitero ku kibuga cy'indege cya Niamey, umurwa mukuru wa Niger.

Ibikorwa by'aba-jihadiste na byo bigira ingaruka mbi ku byo ibihugu byo mu gace ka Sahel byohereza mu mahanga, cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro arimo ay'ingenzi mu by'umutekano.

Aka gace ni kamwe mu duturukamo zahabu nyinshi ku isi, kandi Mali nayo icukura lithium, ikinyabutabire cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gukora bateri (battery) no mu miti imwe n'imwe. Niger nayo ifite ibirombe binini bya uranium.

Leta ya gisirikare ya Niger yambuye ikigo cy'Abafaransa, Orano, uburenganzira bwo gucukura ibirombe bya uranium binini cyane maze itangira guteganya gukorana n'Uburusiya nk'umufatanyabikorwa mushya muri uwo murimo.

Ubutegetsi bwa Trump nabwo busa n'ubufite impungenge ko butagomba kureka Uburusiya bwonyine bukaba umufatanyabikorwa w'ingenzi mu by'umutekano kuri ibi bihugu bitatu byo muri aka gace.

Bitandukanye n'umuryango wa Afurika y'Iburengerazuba ECOWAS, Ubufaransa, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU) n'ubutegetsi bwa Biden, White House y'ubu ntiyabona ko kuba Uburusiya bufite ingabo muri aka gace ari ikibazo ku mutekano w'akarere cyangwa ku burenganzira bwa muntu.

Uburusiya bwohereje abasirikare bagera ku 1,000 muri Mali, hari kandi n'andi matsinda mato y'abacanshuro cyangwa abasirikare basanzwe muri Burkina Faso na Niger.

Hagaragaye ibirego byinshi by'ihohoterwa byakozwe n'Abarusiya, cyane cyane muri Mali.

Igihe Attalah yari mu mujyi wa Bamako, yagaragaje ko Washington itari ishishikajwe cyane n'uruhare rwa gisirikare rwa Moscow.

Bisa n'uko Washington itifuza ko umwanya wose w'ibya gisirikare uba uw'Uburusiya gusa, ahubwo ubu ishaka guhuza ibyo n'ubufatanye bwayo mu by'umutekano.

Icyakora, ibi bizakorwa ku buryo butabangamira ishyaka rya politiki rya Trump, ku bantu yagiye asezeranya ko azahagarika uruhare rwa Amerika mu ntambara zidashira ku isi yose.

Brennan wa AFRICOM avuga ko Amerika iri gutanga ubufasha mu bijyanye n'ubutasi ku bihugu bya Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger, kandi akerekana ko bishoboka ko hari n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bashobora gutanga.

Ariko, Washington ntiyifuza gusubiza ingabo zayo ku butaka cyangwa kongera gufungura ahakorera drone nk'uko byahoze, mu gace ka Agadez muri Niger, aho hari hari abasirikare bagera kuri 800.

Leta y'igisirikare yakuyeho ingabo za Amerika nyuma y'uko ubutegetsi bwa Biden busabye gahunda yo gushyigikira demokarasi.

Nyuma y'urutonde rw'imyigaragambyo ya gisirikare, umuryango wa ECOWAS wagerageje guhatira abayobozi ba gisirikare gutangaza igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora amatora.

Ariko, Niger, Burkina Faso na Mali byikuye muri uyu muryango umwaka ushize kandi ubu birimo kwibanda ku gushinga umuryango bahuriyeho, Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

Kuba batakiri abanyamuryango, ECOWAS nta nshingano ifite zo kugenzura imiyoborere yabo y'imbere mu gihugu.

Ibi byatumye ibihugu 12 bisigaye bishobora kwibanda ku kongera ubufatanye bwimbitse n'ibi bihugu mu guhangana n'amatsinda y'abasirikare b'abanyamahanga.

Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri guverinoma z'akarere, cyane cyane mu gihe abasilikare bagerageza kwinjira mu mipaka kugira ngo bakore ibitero cyangwa bihishe mu majyaruguru y'ibihugu nka Benin, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana na Côte d'Ivoire.

Mu gihe akarere gahanganye n'iki kibazo gikomeye, amakuru y'ubutasi ya Amerika ku ntego z'ingenzi, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'ingabo, bishobora gufasha kubona intsinzi y'igihe gito mu guhangana n'udutero shuma ndetse no kurandura iyo mitwe burundu.

Nk'uko igisirikare cy'Ubufaransa cyamaze imyaka icumi muri Sahel gikoresheje abasirikare benshi n'indege z'intambara, byagaragaje ko uburyo bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru bwa gisirikare ubwabwo budashobora gusubiza amahoro, keretse habonetse ibisubizo byimbitse ku bibazo by'imibereho n'ubukungu muri aka karere gafite ubukene bukabije.