Ubutumwa Artemis II bwa Nasa buzoduha amashusho y’agatangaza y’Ukwezi be n’ugutahura gushasha ibikikije Ukwezi.
Buzotegura inzira y’ugushika ku Kwezi, bishobora kurangira hubatswe n’ikirindiro co ku Kwezi - intambwe ya mbere yacu mu kwiga ingene twoba ku wundi mubumbe.
Ariko uru rugendo rurimwo ingaruka zikomeye – abari muri rwo bagiye mu kigendajuru kitari bwigere gikoreshwa na kiremwamuntu na rimwe.
Hitezwe kandi n’ingorane z’umuntu ku giti ciwe: abo bagendajuru bazomara imisi 10 barundaniye ahantu ahantu hangana na bisi (bus) ntoya.
Abagendajuru batanguriye urugendo rwabo ku kirokete mbarutso ca Nasa (Space Launch System, SLS) kirungikirwako ubutumwa bwo ku Kwezi.
Ni ikirokete ca mbere gikomeye igisata ca Amerika kijejwe ivy'ikirere carungitswe ku kigo Kennedy Space Center kiri Cape Canaveral, Florida.
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N’uburebure bwa metero 98 ihagaze, SLS yari imaze kuguruka rimwe gusa - mu 2022, igihe yatangura ubutumwa Artemis I ata bantu barimwo.
Gifise ibirokete mbarutso bibiri binini cane n’amamoteri ane agiha inguvu zo kuva hasi
Igice c'ibara ry'umucungwe ahanini ni itangi rinini cane ry'igitoro - ririmwo amalitiro arenga imiliyoni zitatu y’umuka wa hydrogène y'amazi hamwe n'umwuka wa oxygène y'amazi.
Igikorwa ca SLS ni ukwikorera ikigendajuru Orion — kiri kw’isonga rya ca kirokete kandi kirimwo abagendajuru bagiye mu kirere
Iyo hagize ikigenda nabi mu ntango y’irungikwa ry’iki kigendajuru, ku gasongero k’iki kirokete hari ubuhinga bwa Launch Abort System buca bushiburira aba bahinga b’ikirere mu kibanza c’umutekano.
Irungikwa ry'iki kigendajuru ni kimwe mu bice bigoye cane vy'ubu butumwa - ibintu vyose bitegerezwa kuba ata na kimwe cononekaye.
Aba bagendajuru bose bavuga ko bicarana n'imiryango yabo kugira ngo bavugane ku ngorane zishobora kubamwo.
Umudereva
"Twese tuba dufise umuntu, umuhinga mu vy'ikirere, agumana n’umuryango wacu mu gihe baba bariko bakurikirana irungikwa ry'ikigendajuru, rishobora kuba igitangaza kandi riteye ubwoba icarimwe".
Victor Glover
Umudereva
Abagendajuru
Glover ni umwe muri aba bagendajuru bane - Abanyamerika batatu n’Umunya-Canada umwe - bari bamaze igihe kirenga imyaka ibiri bariko baritegurira ubutumwa bwa Artemis II. Bafise uburambe bw’imyaka myinshi, n’aho hari umwe atari bwigere aja mu kirere na rimwe.
Reid Wiseman
Uruhara | Umukomanda Kahise | Umukukuruke mu gisirikare kirwanira mu mazi Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 16 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Amezi 6
Reid avuga ko kuva kera akunda kuja mu kirere, ariko ko ari hasi atinywa kwurira hejuru.
Victor Glover
Uruhara | Umudereva Kahise | Yahoze ari umudereva wo kugerageza indege Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 12 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Amezi 6
Igihe yari mu gisirikare, Victor yari azwi kw’izina ry’ubuhizi nka IKE, risigura Nzi vyose (I Know Everything).
Christina Koch
Uruhara | Umuhinga w’ubu butumwa Kahise | umuhinga mu vyo umuyagankuba Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 12 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Umwaka
Christina yandikishije izina igihe yaja mu kigendajuru cagiyemwo abagore gusa ari ku kigo mpuzamakungu c’ikirere (ISS).
Jeremy Hansen
Uruhara | Umuhinga Kahise | Umudereva w’indege z’intambara Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 16 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Nta na rimwe
Uno munyacanada yagiye yitwaje utunyobwa n’udusuguti twa érable mu rugendo rwiwe rwo ku Kwezi.
Reid avuga ko kuva kera yamye akunda kuja mu kirere, ariko ko ari hasi atinya kwurira ahantu hejuru.
Victor Glover
Uruhara | Umudereva Kahise | Yahoze ari umudereva wo kugerageza indege Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 12 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Amezi 6
Igihe yari mu gisirikare, Victor yari azwi ku ritazirano rya IKE, bisigura I Know Everything (ni ukuvuga: Nzi vyose)
Christina Koch
Uruhara | Umuhinga w’ubu butumwa Kahise | Umuhinga mu vy’umuyagankuba Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 12 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Umwaka
Christina yandikishije izina igihe yaja mu kigendajuru cagiyemwo abagore gusa ari ku kigo mpuzamakungu c’ikirere (ISS).
Jeremy Hansen
Uruhara | Umuhinga Kahise | Umudereva w’ indege y’intambara Ubumenyi mu vy’ikirere | Imyaka 16 Umwanya yamaze mu kirere | Nta na rimwe
Kugira ngo abo bakozi bamenyere kuba mu kibanza gito nk’iki, bamaze igihe kinini bari kumwe uko bashoboye kwose. Hari n’ibihe bimwe bimwe baraye hamwe mu myimenyerezo ya Artemis.
Nasa
Umuhinga muri ubu butumwa (metero 1.9)
“Ndiko numva ntanguye kugira isoni bukebuke ku bunini bwanje. Ni nk’aho Canada yahawe igikorwa kirenze urugero mu kundungika muri ubu butumwa”.
Jeremy Hansen
Umuhinga muri ubu butumwa (metero 1.9)
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Iki gikono kirasa n’ivyakoreshejwe mu ngendo z’ibigendajuru vya Apollo mu myaka 50 iheze, ariko imbere haratandukanye.
Muri aka kantu gato barimwo, aba bahinga bane bategerezwa kuhakorera, kuhinonorera, kuhafungurira no kuharyama.
Hariyo ibibanza bine vyari vyateguwe mu kurungika aba bahinga – bamaze gushika mu muzunguruko w’isi (orbit), izi ntebe ntizari zigikenewe, rero zashobora kuzingwa kugira ngo bagukirwe.
Kubera ko mu kirere batagira ibiro, baba bashobora gushika aho ari ho hose muri ico gikono, vyumvikana rero ko igipande gifise ivyuma vyo kugenzura iki gikono gishobora gushirwa no ku ‘gisenge’.
Hari imashini y’amazi irimwo amazi yo kunywa n’ayo gusubiza amazi mu vyo kurya.
Umw’umwe wese muri aba bari muri iki kigendajuru yaritekereye imfungurwa akunda muri uru rugendo.
Musi gato y’iki gifuniko, hari imashini ishobora gukoreshwa no mu kwinonora.
Abagendera mu kigendajuru bakwega umugozi iminota mirongo itatu ku munsi, kugira ngo bakore imyimenyerezo yo gukomeza imitsi no gufasha umutima gukorera neza.
Ariko birashoboka ko igikoresho gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose kiri munsi y’isaso.
Ni ubwiherero – ikintu abagendajuru ba Apollo batari bafise imyaka mirongo itanu iheze.
Bwakozwe mu buryo budasanzwe kugira ngo vyorohe gukoresha ubwiherero mu kirere.
Ubu butumwa bwo ku Kwezi, kugenda no kugaruka buzomaba imisi cumi .
Ku musi wa mbere vyari bitegekanijwe ko abagendajuru bazoshika mu muzunguruko w’Isi. Bazoba bari hejuru yayo – ku birometero vyababa 70.000. Kugira ngo twumve ko ari ikintu kitoroshe, Ikigo Mpuzamakungu c’Ikirere (ISS) kiri ku birometero 400 hejuru y’uno mubumbe wacu.
Bazotegerezwa kumenyera kuba mu kirere bareremba, kandi kuri Jeremy Hansen, atari bwigere aba mu buzima nk’ubu, bizomusaba ububangutsi mu kwiga kugira amenyere..
"Nibaza ko bizodusaba kubanza kumenyera gato kuri twebwe nitwahagera ... nzotegerezwa kwiga kureremba - no kwikubita ku bintu. Kandi kumbure nzokenera gufashwa gatoyi", - Jeremy Hansen, umuhinga muri ubu butumwa.
Aba bagendajuru bategerezwa kandi gucungera ibintu nyamukuru vy’ubuzima muri iki kigendajuru - kandi ivyo birimwo n’umumusarari.
Ni akaryo kuri aba bagendajuru kugendera muri Orion mu rugendo rwayo rwa mbere rw’igerageza.
Vyari bitegekanijwe ko inyuma y’amasaha atatu urugendo rutanguye, igice co hejuru - kizwi nka Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) – categerezwa kwitandukanya na Orion.
Ni ho rero bategerezwa kunyonga Orion bo nyene, begera bongera basubira kure ya ICPS, kugira ngo barabe ingene Orion yifata. Ni akaryo ko kwimenyereza gutura mu butumwa bwa kazoza.
Umurwi wa Artemis utegerezwa gufata ingingo ikomeye.
Mu gihe abagendajuru bazoba bari hafi y’Isi, kugaruka bisa n’ivyoroshe iyo hadutse ikibazo kidashobora gutorerwa umuti.
Rero vyari ngombwa ko abajejwe kugenzura ubu butumwa bategerezwa kuba bazi neza ko ata ngorane n’imwe ihari imbere y’uko batanga uburenganzira bwo gukora igikorwa gihambaye cane c’ubutumwa kizwi nka injection translunaire.
Aha ni igihe Orion yatsa imoteri yayo nkuru kugira ngo ive mu nguvu z'Isi hanyuma ifate inzira yo kwerekeza ku Kwezi.
Ni urugendo rw'imisi ine, rungana n'ibirometero vyababa 370.000 uvuye kw'Isi
Abagendajuru bazozunguruka Ukwezi, no ku ruhande rwakwo rutaboneka, amasaha menshi bakazoyamara bakwihweza neza.
"Mu gihe bazoba bari mu nzira, kugaruka ntibizoba vyoroshe canke vyihuta – abagendajuru bamaze igihe bitegurira uru rugendo rwabo rurerure mu micungararo y’Ukwezi no kugaruka.
Muri ico gihe, babandanya basuzuma iki kigendajuru, ariko kandi abagendajuru ubwabo bategerezwa gusuzumwa no gukurikiranwa.
Ni akaryo ko gukoresha aba bagendajuru mu bikorwa vy’igerageza – ivyo bariko bacamwo muri uru rugendo bizokwerekana ingaruka bizoba vyagize ku mibiri yabo kure cane mu kirere.
Imishwarara ni ikintu nyamukuru giteye impungenge, kuko Izuba rishobora kurekura uduce twonona umubiri kandi dufise ubushuhe bwo ku rwego hejuru.
"Mu gihe bazoba bari mu nzira, kugaruka ntibizoba vyoroshe canke vyihuta – abagendajuru bamaze igihe bitegurira uru rugendo rwabo rurerure mu micungararo y’Ukwezi no kugaruka.
Muri ico gihe, babandanya basuzuma iki kigendajuru, ariko kandi abagendajuru ubwabo bategerezwa gusuzumwa no gukurikiranwa.
Ni akaryo ko gukoresha aba bagendajuru mu bikorwa vy’igerageza – ivyo bariko bacamwo muri uru rugendo bizokwerekana ingaruka bizoba vyagize ku mibiri yabo kure cane mu kirere.
Imishwarara ni ikintu nyamukuru giteye impungenge, kuko Izuba rishobora kurekura uduce twonona umubiri kandi dufise ubushuhe bwo ku rwego hejuru.
Mu yindi myimenyerezo yo gufasha kwitegurira ivyoshika giturumbuka, harimwo kwinjira mu myambaro yabo y’ibara ry’umucungwe, izwi nka Orion Crew Survival System (OCSS).
Iyi myambaro yambarwa mu gihe c’ugutangura urugendo no mu gihe co kugaruka, kandi ikora nk’uburyo bwo kwikingira mu gihe hoba ikibazo mu gikono cabo"". "
Mu gihe hokwaduka ingorane bariko baja canke bava ku Kwezi, abo bagendajuru baca bihutira kwambara uno mwambaro – iyi mpuzu yakozwe ku buhinga bwo kubafasha kuguma ari bazima mu kiringo c’imisi ishika kuri itandatu mu gihe baba bariko basubira kw'Isi.
Bategerezwa kandi gufatwa ibipimo vy’amate yashirwa ku mpapuro zidasanzwe, imbere y’urugendo, mu gihe ruriko ruba no mu nyuma yarwo, kugira ngo basuzume uko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bwabo buhagaze, kuko bushobora kugabanuka bari mu kirere.
Umuhinga w'ubu butumwa
"Ikintu kidasanzwe mu bijanye n’ikirere ni uko gihindura abasirikare b’umubiri wacu, kandi ibi birahambaye cane kuri twebwe no ku ncuti zacu. Benshi muri twebwe twaciye mu bintu nk’ibi igihe twaja kuri ISS, kandi vy'ukuri ivyo tubwirizwa kubitahura neza mu butumwa bw'igihe kirekire."
Christina Koch
Umuhinga w'ubu butumwa
Amaso-mu-yandi n'Ukwezi
"Iki ni igihe isi yari imaze imyaka irenga mirongo itanu irindiriye: kiremwa muntu gusubira ku Kwezi.
Abagendajuru bazokuzunguruka gushika ku ruhande rwo hirya – uruhande tudashobora kubona turi kw’Isi – ku ntera y’ibirometro biri hagati ya 6.500 na 9.500 uvuye ku rusirusi rw’ukwezi.
Orion izohagararira iraba ku Kwezi kugira bakubone neza. Aba bagendajuru bazomara amasaha atatu yose bihweza Ukwezi, bafata amashusho, kandi biga ibijanye na kamere yakwo. Ivyo bizofasha gutegura no kwitegura neza urugendo rwo kuzogwa ku kwezi muri kazoza.
Umuhinga muri ubu butumwa
"Bivanye n'igihe tugiriye, bivanye n'umuco wo ku ruhande rwo hirya rw'Ukwezi... twoshobora kubona ibice vy'Ukwezi bitigeze bibonwa n’amaso y'umuntu imbere y’aha. Kandi uvyemera canke utavyemera, amaso y'umuntu ni kimwe mu bikoresho vyiza cane vya siyansi dufise."
Christina Koch
Umuhinga muri ubu butumwa
"Bari muri ico kibanza kidasanzwe, bazoshobora kubonera hamwe Isi n’Ukwezi barabiye mu madirisha ya Orion, Ukwezi kuri hafi cane, Isi nayo iri inyuma kure.
Buri mugendajuru wese yaremewe kwitwaza ibintu vyiwe bwite muri iki gihe kidasanzwe c’ubu butumwa. Ku bwa Victor Glover, ni Bibiliya be n’ibintu bimwebimwe vy’iragi ry’umuryango; kuri Christina Koch, ni amakete yandikiwe n’abakunzi biwe, na yo kuri Jeremy Hansen ni ibisharizo vy’Ukwezi vyambarwa n’umugore wiwe n’abakobwa babo batatu.
Urugendo rwo kugaruka ruzofata iyindi misi ine. Ariko iki gice ca nyuma c’ubu butumwa ni kimwe mu bishobora kubamwo akaga kuruta ibindi vyose.
Kuri iki gikorwa ca nyuma, igice c’ingenzi kizotandukana n’ibindi vyose vy’iki kigendajuru, hanyuma iki gikono kizohindukira kugira ikibaho caco gikingira ubushuhe gikore akazi ko kwikorera ubushuhe bwinshi buzova ku rugendo rwo kugaruka, bigatuma abari muri co ata ngorane bagira.
Iki gikono kizokwanzaganya mu kirere c’umubumbe w’Isi ku muvuduko b’ibirometero 40.235 kw’isaha, mu bushuhe bwababa 2700oC – ni ukuvuga hafi inusu c’ubushuhe bwo ku rusirusi rw’Izuba.
Nasa
Abahinga baritayeho cane ikibazo c’iki gikoresho kizibira ubushuhe, kuko mu butumwa bwa mbere bwa Artemis butarimwo abantu cari carononekaye cane. Ariko ubu abahinga bari bizeye ko ikibazo gishobora kuba carakemutse.
Mu gihe iki kigendajuru kizoba kimaze gushika mu kirere c’isi ata nkomanzi, imitaka itari mike izorekurwa kugira ngo ntigihuruduke.
Aba bagendajuru bazokwururukira bukebuke mw’Ibahari Pasifike ku nkengera ibahari muri California, aho umugwi w’abatabazi uzoba ubarindiriye.
Iki gikono gishobora kugwa gihagaze, gicuritse canke kikagwira ku ruhande, imipira y’ibara ry’umucungwe azoca yuzuzwa umwuka mu kugifasha guhagarara neza kugira ngo abari muri co bashobore gusohoka ata nkomanzi.
Victor Glover avuga ko kugaruka kw’Isi ari co gice c’ubutumwa akunda cane.
Nasa
Umudereva
“Ndarindiranye igishika co kubona iyi mitaka itatu myiza cane n’ukungene kizokorokera mw’ibahari Pasifike. Ndazi ko aho ari ho umugore wanje azohumeka neza ubwa mbere, kandi ibi bisigura vyinshi kuri jewe. Ku miryango iki ni ikintu kitoroshe na gato, rero ndazi ko iki kizoba igihe kidasanzwe kuri we, bigatuma nanje kimbera ikidasanzwe”.
Victor Glover
Umudereva
Igihe ubu butumwa buzoba burangiye, aba bagendajuru bazosubizwa ku butaka. Bizoba ari ubwa mbere bongera gusubira ku butaka bukomeye, biyumvira kuri uru rugendo rwabo rw’akataraboneka.
Bazoba binjiye mu mugwi w’abahinga badasanzwe – abagendajuru 24 bonyene ni bo bazoba bamaze kuzunguruka ukwezi.
Ariko iyi ni intango gusa y’ingendo za Artemis. Amakuru azokwegeranywa bizosuzumwa neza, kuko intambwe ikurikira izoba ikomeye kurushiriza: gusubiza abantu ku buso bw’Ukwezi, ico gihe kuhamara umwanya.
Ibipimo vy'igice c’ishusho na
Thomas Doykinitsas, Ammar Al Yasiri, Zoë Thomas, Fadi Jibara na Beam Immersive
