Ubushakashatsi bushasha kuri Uranus butanga icizere c’ubuzima kuri uno mubumbe

Umubumbe wa Uranus n’amezi yawo atanu manini gusumba ayandi yose bishobora kuba bitandukanye n’ivyo abahinga bavyiyumvirako ko biri ngaho gusa ata na kimwe bigikora.

Ahubwo, bishobora kuba bifise amabahari, kandi n’ano mezi ashobora gutuma ubuzima bushoboka, nk’uko aba bahinga babivuga.

Vyinshi ku bizwi kuri uno mubumbe n’amezi yawo ni ivyegeranijwe n’ikigendajuru ca NASA Voyager 2 mu rugendo rwaco haraheze imyaka hafi 40.

Ariko umwihwezo mushasha werekana ko uru rugendo rwa Voyager rwahuriranye n’ikizwi nk’igihuhusi c’izuba gikomeye catumye kamere y’umubumbe wa Uranius kataboneka neza.

Uranus ni isi nziza cane, ifise ibarafu, iri ku ku mpera z'umuzingi urimwo imibumbe izunguruka izuba (système solaire). Ni umwe mu mibumbe ikanye cane kuruta iyindi yose. Irahengamiye ku ruhande ugereranije n’ayandi masi yose – nk’aho womenga warahenuwe – bikaba bituma uba uwa mbere utangaje kurusha iyindi yose.

Twatanguye kuwuraba tuwegereye mu 1986, igihe Voyager 2 yawuca iruhande ikarungika amasanamu atangaje y’uno mubumbe n’amezi yawo atanu nyamukuru.

Ariko icatangaje abahinga gusumba ni amakuru yarungitswe na Voyager 2 yerekana ko umubumbe wa Uranus n’inyenyeri ziwuzungurutse bitangaje gusumba uko bavyiyumvira.

Ibipimo vyafashwe n’ivyuma vy’ico kigendajuru vyerekanye ko iyo mibumbe n’amezi ari ibintu biri ngaho bitikoma, bitandukanye n’ayandi mezi akukira izuba. Vyerekanye kandi ko ikirere c’isumaku gikingira Uranus cataye imforo mu buryo budasanzwe kandi butumvikana. Cari gifyondekaye kandi casunikiwe kure y’izuba.

Ikirere c’isumaku c’umubumbe kibuza imyuka canke ibindi bintu ivy’ari vyo vyose kuva kuri uwo mubumbe no ku mezi yawo. Ivyo bishobora kuba biva ku mabahari canke ingene inyubako y’isi iba yifashe buri igihe (kuko na yo nyene ntiyama kwa kundi). Voyager 2 nta na kimwe yabonye muri ivyo, ari co gituma yerekanye ko Uranus n’amezi yayo atanu manini kurusha ayandi ari ibintu biri ngaho gusa ata na kimwe bikora.

Ivyo vyabaye ibintu bitangaje cane kuko vyari bitandukanye cane n’iyindi mibumbe n’amezi yayo bikukirira izuba.

Ariko uno mwihwezo mushasha watanze inyishu kuri iyi nkuru nsigabwenge imaze imyaka mirongo. Werekana ko Voyager 2 yaciye iruhande y’uno mubumbe ku musi mubi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bushasha bwerekana ko igihe Voyager 2 yaca iruhande ya Uranus, izuba ryari rirenze urugero, maze riteza igihuhusi gikomeye cane gishobora kuba cagururiye kure ibiwuzungurutse bituma ikirere c’isumaku cayo gifyondekara.

Rero, mu kiringo c’imyaka 40 twabona Uranus n’amezi yayo atanu manini gusumba ayandi yose uko bidasanzwe bimeze, nk’uko bivugwa na Dr William Dunn wo kuri Kaminuza ya Londres.

“Ibi vyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi vyerekana ko umubumbe wa Uranus n’inyenyeri ziwuzungurutse bishobora kuba ari vyiza cane gusumba uko twavyibaza. Ushobora kuba ufise amezi afise ivya nkenerwa ku buzima, ashobora kuba afise amabahari ashobora kuba yuzuye amafi!”.

Linda Spilker yari umuhinga akiri muto yakora muri uno mugambi wo kurungika Voyager igihe amakuru yo kuri Uranus yaza. N’ubu aracakora muri uwo mugambi nk’umuhinga ajejwe imigambi mu bijanje n’ingendo za Voyager. Avuga ko aryohewe no kwumva aya makuru mashasha yavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi yasohowe mu kinyamakuru Nature Astronomy.

Yabwiye BBC ati: “Ibi vyavuyemwo biraryoshe cane, kandi ndanezerewe cane no kwumva ko ubuzima bushoboka kuri Uranus.

“Ndanezerewe cane kandi ko hari vyinshi biriko birakorwa ku makuru ya Voyager. Biratangaje kubona abahinga bariko barasubira kwihweza amakuru twegeranije mu 1986, bagatora ibindi bishasha”.

Dr Affelia Wibisono wo kuri kaminuza Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, atari mu murwi wakoze ubu bushakashatsi, avuga ko ivyatowe ari ibintu “biteye umunezero cane”.

Ati: “Vyerekana ingene ari nkenerwa gusubira kwihweza amakuru yegeranijwe kera, kubera rimwe na rimwe ushobora gusanga harimwo bishasha vyari vyinyegeje, ibi bigashobora kudufasha gutegura izindi ngendo zo kwiga ikirere muri kazoza”.

Ibi nyene ni vyo Nasa iriko irakora, nka bimwe mu vyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bushasha.

Haraciye imyaka yababa 40 Voyager 2 iciye hafi y’uno mubumbe w’ibarafu n’amezi yawo. Nasa ifise integuro y’uko mu myaka cumi izorungika ikigendajuru gishasha, Uranus Orbiter and Probe, gusubirayo kugira ngo cihweze neza uno mubumbe.

Nk’uko bivugwa na Dr Jamie Jasinski wo muri Nasa, ari na we yatanze iciyumviro co gusubira kwihweza amakuru yatanzwe na Voyager 2, ni ngombwa ko hitwararikwa ano makuru mashasha mu guhingura ibikoresho bizokoreshwa no mu nteguro z’ubu bushakashatsi.

Ati: “Bimwe mu bikoresho bizokoreshwa muri uru rugendo rwo mu kirere ruri imbere biriko birahingurwa hisunzwe cane cane ivyo twigiye kuri Voyager 2 igihe yaca mu micungararo [ya Uranus] mu bihe bidasanzwe.

“Rero ni ngombwa ko dusubira tukiyumvira ingene twohingura neza ibikoresho bizokoreshwa muri ubu butumwa bushasha kugira ngo tuzokwegeranye neza amakuru nyayo azoduha ivyo dukeneye mu bushakashatsi”.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwa Nasa kuri Uranus bwitezwe gukorwa imbere ya 2045, ari na ho abahinga bizeye kumenya nimba ibi binyenyeri vyari bizwi ko ari imibumbe itagikora, bishobora kuba bifise ubuzima.