Umujigiti wawe wuzuyemwo za bacterie – ubwo ntihoba hageze ko uwusubiriza?

"Bacteries" zituruka mu tuzu twa surwumwe twacu, imigera itera udusebe n'ubugendakanwa birashobora gutsimbatarira ku mijigiti yacu. Ariko hariho uburyo bwo kuyishingura ikagumana isuku.

Umujigiti wawe ni akarere gatoya gashisha. Uburoso (ubwoya) bwawo busambaguritse bumeze nk'ishamba ryatewe n'umwumwa, bukuzura amazi igihe gito buri musi, ibishobora kubugira ikibanza c'akanovera. Hagati muri utwo twatsi twa 'plastique' haba hinyegejemwo amamiriyoni y'ibinyabuzima.

Muri aka kanya, umujigiti wawe uhaye indaro nka miriyoni 1-12 y'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ama 'bacterie' n'imigera itagira uko ingana. Usanga vyiyegeranirije ku ruhande rwo hejuru ku buroso, canke bigashika mw'imerero ryabwo ku mujigiti ushaje.

Amazi ducisha mu kanwa buri musi, amate, uduce tugize urukoba, udusigazwa tw'ivyo kurya tuva mu kanwa kacu, ni vyo bituma iyo mikorobi (microbe) ibaho neza.

Kenshi na kenshi, hiyongerako utundi tunyabuzima duto cane tuzanana n'igihe co kurekura amazi asunika umwanda mukuru mu kazu ka surwumwe kari hafi canke iyo huguruwe idirisha.

Kandi, incuro zibiri ku musi, ushira uwo mujigiti mu kanwa kawe ukawukwiza hose mu kwijigitura.

None wogira umwitwarariko mwinshi ku rugero umujigiti wawe ufiseko isuku?

Ni ikibazo kimaze imyaka gihangayikishije abaganga n'abahinga mu vy'amenyo, kikanabatuma kwihweza neza ibiba ku mijigiti yacu, ingaruka iyo mikorobi ishobora kugira n'ingene dukwiye kuja turayigirira [imijigiti] isuku. (Urashobora kandi kumenya vyinshi ku kuntu ushobora kwoza amenyo yawe ukurikije ubuhinga nk'uko biri muri iyi nkuru yanditswe na Martha Henriques.)

Iyo imikorobi ikomoka

"Imikorobi ku mijigiti ubwa mbere yamuka ku masoko atatu", bishikirizwa na Marc-Kevin Zinn, umuhinga yanonosoye ivyerekeye imikorobi (microbiologist) kuri Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences yo mu Budagi, yagize ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n'ingene imijigiti yandura.

Ariko n'imbere y'uko tuyikoresha, imijigiti irashobora kuba isanganywe imikorobi. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mijigiti mishasha 40 yakuwe mu mahinguriro atandukanye yo muri Brezil, nk'akarorero, bwasanze igice cayo carandujwe n'imigera y'ubwoko butandukanye.

"Benshi muri twebwe usanga dushaka kuba dufise utuzu twa surwumwe mu vyumba vy'ubwogero ahashingurwa imijigiti yacu".

Ku bw'amahirwe, imikorobi myinshi usanga iri ku mijigiti yacu ntiteye ingorane ikomeye. Imwe muri yo [imikorobi], kandi ntibitangaje, iva mu kanwa kacu.

Igihe cose dushize umujigiti mu kanwa, uburoso bwawo busakumba imikorobi nka Rothia denocariosa, Streptococcaceae mitis na bacterie zo mu muryango wa Actinomyces – vyose bisanzwe biba mu kanwa kacu.

Bimwe mbere muri ivyo vyumira ku buroso no ku mutwe w'umujigiti bishobora no kuba bifise akamaro ku magara yacu, bikadukingira imikorobi ishobora gutuma amenyo yacu abora.

Ariko muri iyo mikorobi n'izo bacterie hari ibiba vyinyegejemwo bishobora kutugirira nabi.

Imikorobi mibi

"Iyikaze muri yo ni Streptococci na Staphylococci, ituma amenyo abora", bishikirizwa na Vinicius Pedrazzi yigisha ibijanye n'amenyo muri Kaminuza ya São Paulo muri Brezil. Iyindi ishobora gutera ingwara y'ububabare bwo mu binyigishi izwi nka periodontal.

Abashakashatsi barubuye kandi bacterie n'imigera biba ku mijigiti mu gihe bitari bikwiye kuhaba – ni imikorobi cane cane ifitaniye isano n'ingwara yo mu mushishito canke iyiterwa n'imfungurwa zanduye nka Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa na Enterobacteria.

Ivyigwa kandi vyarashize ahabona imikorobi nka Klebsiella pneumoniae – ijanye n'ingwara zandurirwa mu bitaro – na Candida Yeasts ishobora gutera ubugendakanwa igiye ku mijigiti.

Iyi mikorobi iva mu mazi dukoresha mu kwoza imijigiti, mu gukaraba canke mu bice bitandukanye vy' "ibidukikije". Ariko fata ko "ibidukikije" bishobora kuba nk'icumba cawe c'ubwiherero.

Ubwiherero burashushe, ibibanza bitose aho kenshi amazi aguma atumuka nka gaz canke amama y'amazi ashobora gutwara bacterie n'imigera mu kirere. Ibi bituma umujigiti uba washinguwe aho mu bwiherero wandura, nk'uko Zinn abivuga.

Benshi muri twebwe usanga dushaka kuba dufise utuzu twa surwume mu vyumba vy'ubwogero ahashingurwa imijigiti yacu. Kandi, nk'imburi, aha ni ho biba nabi rwose.

Igipfungu co mu bwiherero

Igihe cose urekuye amazi yo gusunika umwanda mukuru mu kazu ka surwumwe, hari utuma dutoduto (twogereranywa n'igipfungu) turimwo imicafu dushwiragira irya n'ino gushika nko ku metero imwe n'igice. Muri utwo tuma hashobora kuba harimwo bacterie n'imigera bishobora gutera agahiri, Covid19 na norovirus itera kuyogwa mu gihe c'ubukonje.

Nimba ushingura umujigiti hafi, ibiva ku rwicariro rw'akazu ka surwumwe biruhira gushika ku buroso bwawo hama mu nyuma ukawushira mu kanwa. Hari akaga gakomeye ko ushobora kumira imikorobi igihe uba uriko urarekura amazi asunika umwanda mukuru, rero ukwiye kwiyumvira kabiri mu guhaguruka uva mu kazu ka surwumwe imbere yo kurekura amazi.

Mu bwiherero rusangi hashobora kuba hari ingorane ikomeye – ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri kaminuza imwe bwasanze 60% vy'imijigiti y'abanyeshure ishingurwa mu bwiherero rusangi yarandujwe na bacterie ziva mu mwanda mukuru, kandi hari amahirwe menshi ko imikorobi yari ku mujigiti w'umwe yari yavuye ku wundi.

Ariko Erica Hartmann, umwigisha mu bijanye n'ubuhinga kuri Northwestern University iri muri reta ya Illinois muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yagize ubushakashatsi ku kuntu imikorobi ishobora kubandanya ibaho mu buzima busanzwe, ntiyemera cane ko utuma duto duto cane tw'amazi dushwiragira mu kazu ka surwumwe dushobora kuba duteye ubwoba cane nk'uko bamwe bavyibaza.

Umugwi wiwe w'ubushakashatsi ntiwabonye bacterie nyinshi zifitaniye isano n'umwanda mukuru ku mijigiti 34 yarungitswe n'abajejwe intwaro muri Illinois. Afatira ku bushakashatsi bwerekana ko myinshi mu mikorobi ituruka ku mwanda mukuru idashobora kumara umwanya munini iri hanze y'umubiri.

« Sinibaza ko hari abantu benshi bandura ingwara ziturutse ku mijigiti yabo,» ni ko avuga.

N'ubwo biri uko, ubushakashatsi bumwe bumwe bwerekana ko imigera nka "influenza" na "coronavirusi" ishobora kumara amasaha menshi ku mujigiti, igashobora mbere no kurenza amasaha 48 mu gihe c'umugera uzwi nka "herpes simplex virus-1" utera ibiturika. Ivyo bishobora gutuma ingwara zirandagata – kandi abajejwe ivy'amagara y'abantu bahanura kudasangira imijigiti ku bw'iyo mvo.

Amashirahamwe akorera mu bijanye n'amagara y'abantu agabisha na yo nyene ko imijigiti idakwiye gukoranako mu gihe yoba yashinguwe mu kibanza kimwe, cane cane iy'abantu mutabana.

Ariko Hartmann abona ko ibi ari ingorane ntoya ku bantu babana.

"Abantu babana basangiye igice kinini c'imikorobi iba mu kanwa kurusha abatabana," ni ko avuga. "Sinibaza ko ibi vyoterwa n'iyi nzira yo gushingura hafi na hafi imijigiti, gusumba inzira yo gusomana canke iyindi nzira itaja kure yo gusangira" (Bikwiye kwibukwa ko abatunze ibikoko nk'imbwa kenshi basangira imikorobi n'ivyo bikoko vyabo).

Nkako, imwe mu migera yabonetse ku mijigiti mu vy'ukuri ishobora kuba iyidufasha – Hartmann n'umugwi wiwe basanze imijigiti itunze imigera izwi nka bacteriophages, ishobora gutuma izo bacterie zandura aho kwanduza abantu, kandi ikaba ishobora gufasha kugenzura urugero rw'izi bacterie.

Ni izihe nkurikizi?

Zinn abona ko kenshi, ingorane zituruka ku mikorobi zitaba nyinshi, ariko ishobora kuba ingorane ikomeye ku bantu bafise abasirikare b'umubiri badakwiye, bigasigura ko baba bashobora kwandura vyoroshe.

Ubushakashatsi Zinn yakoze, co kimwe n'ubundi bwasesanguye uturemangingo ndangakamere (ADN/DNA) twa bacterie ziva ku mijigiti, bwerekanye ko zimwe muri izo bacterie ziba zifise muri zo, uduce ndangakamere dutuma imiti yo mu bwoko bwa antibiotique ata co izigira. Ibi bisigura ko iyo ziteye ingwara iba igoye kuvura.

Ariko Zinn yongerako ko mu bushakashatsi bwiwe ivyo bimenyetso vyari "ku rugero ruto", ibi bigasigura ko "bibangamye ku rugero rubayabaye hisunzwe ivy'amagara y'abantu." Yamara, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe ku mijigiti 50 y'abanyeshure bo mu Butaliyano, bwabonye ko yose yarimwo bacterie zidatinya imiti itandukanye.

Imwe mu mijigiti ikiri mishasha iza yashizwemwo imiti igwanya imikorobi kandi [iyo miti] ikamenyekanishwa nk'iyifise ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza bacterie ziba ziri kuri yo. Ariko ivyigwa vyinshi bisa n'ivyerekana ko iyo miti ata kinini imara mu kugabanya bacterie ziba ziri ku mujigiti wawe, mbere ishobora ahubwo gutuma hadukamwo ubundi bwoko bwa bacterie zidatinya imiti.

Mu vyukuri, kureka umujigiti ukumishwa n'ubushuhe bwo mu nzu, wawuhagaritse inyuma yo kuwukoresha, bushobora kuba bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kugabanya imikorobi iwubamwo.

Imigera myinshi harimwo "influenza" na "coronavirus" irasanguka igihe iba [imijigiti] iriko iruma. Bacterie nka Streptococcus mutans zisanzwe zifise uruhara rukomeye mu gutuma amenyo abora, zishobora kuguma ku mujigiti amasaha arenga umunani zidora, ariko zigeze ku masaha 12 zica zitangura gupfa.

Ishirahamwe ry'abahinga b'Abanyamerika baraba ibijanye n'amenyo – kandi gushika vuba ikigo ca Amerika kijejwe kugenzura no gukinga indwara, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – bihanura kudafuka imitwe y'imijigiti canke kuyishingura mu bikoresho bipfunze (vyugaye), kuko ivyo bishobora gutuma imikorobi igwira.

Uburyo bwo kwoza umujigiti

Hari uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo gutuza bacterie ku mijigiti, uhereye ku gukoresha imishwarara ya "ultraviolet" gushika ku kuyishira mu mashini yoza amasahani canke imashini ishusha ivyo kurya izwi nka "microwave".

Bumwe mu buryo budafise akamaro cane bwatowe ni ubwo kwumutsa umujigiti hakoreshejwe imashini yumutsa umushatsi canke ukadubikwa mu kirahuri ca wisky. Imashini ishusha microwave ni bwo buryo busa n'ubugendeka kurusha ubundi, ariko bufise n'ingaruka z'uko bushobora kuyongesha canke kwonona uburoso bw'umujigiti wawe.

Umuti w'amenyo ukoresha – uzoba ufise ubushobozi bwo kugwanya imikorobi – ushobora gukora kamwe mu buzi bukenewe mu kugabanya igitigiri c'imikorobi iriko iragwirirana ku mujigiti wawe.

Kuwoza mu mazi na vyo nyene birafasha gukurako bacterie ziba ziri mu dutoboro twawo ariko bacterie nyinshi zirashobora kwumirako kandi zikaruhira kurwira.