E. coli: umugera utacumva umuti wahitanye miliyoni zitatu z'abana

Abana barenga umuliyoni hirya no hino kw'isi bakekwa ko bahitanywe n'ubwandu bw'imigera ivurwa n'imiti ya antibiotics mu 2022, nk'uko bitangazwa n'ibigo bibiri vy'abahinga bakomeye mu kuvura abana.

Abana bo muri Afrika no mu bumanuko bushira ubuseruko bwa Aziya bari mu bo basanze bafise ivyo vyago kurusha ahandi.

Imigera itumva umuti, izwi nka Antimicrobial resistance – AMR mu mpfunyapfunyo –igenda ihinduka ku buryo imiti yahora iyivura itaba igikora.

Ico kibazo gifatwa nk'ingorane ikomeye mu bijanye n'amagara y'abantu kw'isi muri rusangi.

Icigwa gishasha muri kino gihe kigaragaza ukuntu izo ngwara ziterwa n'imigera yakakaye itagifata imiti -AMR, ziriko zirabangimira abana.

Bakoresheje ibiharuro vyavuye mu mihingo no mu bigo vyinshi, birimwo n'ishami ry'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe amagara y'abantu OMS/WHO, n'ibanki y'isi yose, abakoze urwandiko bakaba basanze hoba hari abana bagera kuri miliyoni zitatu bapfuye mu 2022 bazize ubwo bwandu butumva umuti.

Abahinga bavuga ko ico cigwa gishasha cerekana ko urugero rugera ku ncuro cumi rw'ubwiyongere bw'iyo migera itumva imiti -AMR- mu bana mu myaka itarenga itatu.

Ico giharuro gishobora kuba mbere caranaduze gusumba mu gihe c'ikiza ca Covid-19.

Ikoreshwa ry'imiti ya antibiotics ryaragwiriye

Ikoreshwa ry'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa antibiotics ryaragwiriye cane mu kuvura canke gukinga ingwara nyinshi zitandukanye - kuva ku ngwara zo ku ruhu gushika ku musonga.

Rimwe na rimwe kandi itangwa nk'uburyo bwo gukinga indwara, aho kuvura - nk'akarorero iyo umuntu ariko arabagwa canke ariko aravugwa kanseri.

Imiti ya antibiotics ifise inkurikizi zikomeye mu kuvura ubwandu bw'imigera yo mubwoko bw'ama virus - ingwara zisanzwe nk'ibicurane n'akamangu.

Ariko imigera imwe yo mu bwoko bwa bacteries itera icika ibigatanya bitakigondwa n'imiti, kubera ikoreshwa ry'iyo miti mu buryo burengeje kandi butari bwo, mu gihe gukora imiti mishasha yo mu bwoko bwa antibiotics ubu vyamaze kugabanywa.

Uwukuriye abanditse icegeranyo, Doctor Yanhong Jessika Hu wo mu kigo Murdoch Children's Research Institute muri Australia, hamwe na Professor Herb Harwell wo muri Clinton Health Access Initiative, berekana ko hari iduga ry'urugero rw'ikoreshwa ry'imiti ya antibiotics yari ikwiye gukoreshwa mu gihe hari ubwandu.

Hagati 2019 na 2021 ikoreshwa ry'iyo bita "watch antibiotics", imiti ishobora guhangarwa cane n'iyo migera, yaraduze gushika kuri 160% muri Aziya y'ubumanuko, mu gihe muri Afrika urwo rugero rw'imiti iriko irarengerwa rugeze kuri 126%.

Muri ico kiringo kandi, iyo bita "reserve antibiotics" – imiti ikoreshwa ku muheburo, mu kuvura ingwara zitegwa n'iyo migera irinda ingwara y'ibigatanya, - narwo rwaduze kugera kuri 45% mu bumanuko bushira ubuseruko bwa Aziya na 125% muri Afrika.

Amahitamwo akomeza kugabanuka

Abanditse ico cegeranyo bavuga ko uko iyo migera yo mu bwoko bwa bacterie ibandanya ihangara imiti ya antibiotics, niko guhitamwo imiti abarwayi bashobora guhabwa bizogenda bigorana kuko iyo gutoramwo kuri ubwo bwandu burinda imiti itandukanye itera iba mike canke mbere ntinaboneke.

Porofeseri Harwell yashikirije muri uku kwezi, ivyavuye mw'igeregeza mu gisagara ca Vienne muri Autriche, imbere y'umurwi w'abaganga b'abahinga bo mw'ishirahamwe rya Bulaya bajejwe gukurikirana ingwara zandukira n'izindi zifatiye ku tunyabuzima tutagaragarira amaso (Congress of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases).

"AMR ni ikibazo cakwiye isi yose. Gishikira buri muntu wese. Twakoze ibi bikorwa kugirango twerekane cane cane ingene abana aribo bahura n'iki kibazo ca AMR gusumba", niko porofeseri Harwell yavuga imbere y'iyo nama.

Yongerako ko bagereranya muri miliyoni zitatu impfu z'abana bahitanwa na mikorobe zitacumva imiti.

Hoba hari inyishu kuri AMR?

OMS igereranya AMR nka kimwe mu bibazo vy'amagara y'abantu bibangamiye isi ariko ari muri iyo nama y'i Vienna, Prof Harwell yavuze ko ata nyishu yoroshe ihari.

Agira ati: "Ni ikibazo gishamikiye ku mizi myinshi, igenda gushika mu bisata bitandukanye vy'ubuvuzi, kandi mu vy'ukuri, kibangamiye ubuzima bw'abantu".

"Antibiotics ntaho utazisanga hirya no hino yacu, uzisanga mu vyo dufungura no mu bidukikije, rero kubitorera inyishu imwe rudende ntibikunda.

"Inyishu yonyene yo kwirinda ubwandu bw'ikigatu butumva imiti, ni ukwirinda gusa ubwandu ubwo ari bwo bwose, bisigura y'uko hategerezwa kubaho urugero rukomeye rwo gucandaga, amazi meza n' isuku mu banyagihugu."

Yongerako ko ikoreshwa rya antibiotics rizobandanya kugwira kuko abazikeneye ari benshi, ariko ko bikenewe kumenya neza ko zikoreshwa neza kandi hagakoreshwa izabigenewe.

Dr Lindsey Edwards, umwigisha mukuru muri kaminuza ya King's College London yigisha ibijanye n'utunyabuzima tutabonekesha amaso (microbiology), yavuze ko ico cigwa gishasha kije kwerekana ko hari ukwiyongera gukomeye cane kw'ubwo bwandu butumva imiti ku rugero ruteye akoba ugereranije n'uko vyaboneka mu biharuro biheruka."

Agira ati: "Iki cigwa cari gikwiye kuvunira akagohe abayobozi b'isi mu bijanye n'amagara y'abantu. Kutagira ingingo bafata bakorerako, bishobora gutuma AMR iburizamwo iterambere ry'amagara y'abana isi yari imaze gushikako, cane cane mu turere dukenye kurusha utundi.