OMS, ishami rya ONU riraba amagara kw'isi, ikora iki?

Umukuru wa Reta Zunze Ubunwe za Amerika Donald Trump yashize umukono kw'itegeko-bwirizwa rivana Amerika mw'ishami rya ONU riraba amagara kw'isi OMS (WHO).

Bubaye ubwa kabiri Trump ategetse ko Amerika iva muri OMS, igisata ca ONU kiraba amagara n'ukubaho neza kw'abantu kw'isi, kinafasha kurandura indwara.

Igihe cose haba habaye ikibazo c'amagara gihanze isi, ibihugu, abahinga mu bijanye n'amagara n'abantu basanzwe beza amaso kuri OMS kugira ibaje imbere mu cokorwa n'ukubashigikira.

OMS ivuga ko ubutumwa bwayo ari ukurondera amagara meza kuri bose, no ''gukora kugira umwe wese, ahari ho hose, anganye amahirwe n'abandi yo kuronka ubuzima butekanye kandi bw'amagara meza''.

Iryo shirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryashinzwe mu 1948 rifise icicaro muri Swisse.

OMS irimwo ibihugu 194 (harimwo na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), ikaba iri mu migambi itandukanye, harimwo gutanga incanco, gufasha abantu guhangana n'ibibazo vyihutirwa vy'amagara y'abantu no gufata mu mugongo ibihugu mu migambi yavyo y'amagara.

OMS irafasha kandi gutanga ivyo kwisunga mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ivyo kurya, inzira zikurikizwa ku kugerageza imiti n'urufatiro rumwe rw'ingene indwara zivurwa.

Amafaranga ikoresha iyavana mu bihugu biyigize no muyatangwa n'abaterera. Amafaranga yo gukoresha mu 2024-2025 ni miriyaridi 6,83$ (z'amadorari ya Amerika).

Kuva mu 2017, OMS irongowe n'umunya-Ethiopia yigeze no kuba umushikiranganji w'amagara y'abantu akanaserukira igihugu ciwe mu makungu, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Guseruka aho vyihutirwa

OMS ikorana na reta z'ibihugu mu guhangana n'ibibazo vyihuta vy'amagara nk'ivyaduka bidatewe n'abantu, akaga ku bantu hamwe n'ibiza vy'indwara.

Rimwe na rimwe rirafasha kwitaho ababa bakeneye gifasha mu turere turimwo intanbara, nk'akarorero muri Gaza.

Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere, imwe mu nzira OMS ifashanwo mu guteza imbere amagara y'abantu ni mu kwigisha abantu kuba abaforoma n'abakozi bo kwa muganga mu bihugu vyabo.

Irasohora kandi amakuru n'ibiharuro ku ndwara zikomeye, ibiheza bigafasha ibihugu gufata imigambi.

Umugambi w'ugukinga biciye mu ncanco

OMS irakora kugira ifashe gucungera, gukinga, gupima indwara yateye, kuvura indwara zandukira, izitandukira n'izo mu mutwe.

Iryo shirahamwe rirakora kandi kugira harandurwe indwara mu gutunganya amasekeza y'amagara kw'isi. Nk'akarorero, mu 1974, OMS yaratanguje umugambi wagutse wo gukinga (Expanded Programme on Immunisation, EPI). MU ntango, uwo mugambi wari ugamije guha incanco abana kw'isi yose zo gukinga indwara zitandatu zikurikira:

Uwo mugambi wahavuye wagurwa ushika ku ncanco 13 umuntu wese asabwa guhabwa, n'izindi 17 zisabwa mu bihe vyihariye.

Ivyashitsweko

Irandurwa ry'ibihara gushika ubu ni co kintu ca mbere gikomeye cane OMS imaze gushikako.

Ibihara yari indwara yari yaramaze inganda irahitana miriyoni z'abantu imbere y'uko irandurwa.

OMS yashize inguvu nyinshi mu kurwanya iyo ndwara mu 1967 aho hatanguzwa umugambi munini wo gutanga incanco no kugenzura iyo ndwara kw'isi mu gihe c'imyaka itari mike.

Inyuma y'imyaka irenga 10 y'ico gikorwa, OMS yatangaje ko ibihara vyaranduwe mu 1980. Niyo ndwara yonyene muri bene izo yaciye uwo muhigo, n'ubu ''iracari mu ntsinzi zikomeye cane zashitsweko mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu'', nk'uko OMS ivuga.

Kubera utwigoro kw'isi yose, indwara y'ubukangwe (polio) ubu yararanduwe mu bihugu vyinshi, n'ubwo ikirangwa muri Pakistan na Afghanistan.

Ariko umugambi wari wafashwe imbere y'aho wo kurandura malaria mu 1955 wahavuye ushirwa mu kabati mu 1969, kuva ico gihe iterambere ryawo rikaba ritasubiye kwihuta.

OMS ivuga ko ingingo zitandukanye z'inama y'isi y'amagara - urwego rufata ingingo z'iryo shirahamwe rukorana buri mwaka rukaba rugizwe n'abaserukira ibihugu birigize - zarongoye kwemeza iryo hangiro kuva mu 1955 gushika, ubu vuba, mu 2015.

Kuva mu 2015, OMS yaremeje ko ibihugu 12 bitakirangwamwo malaria. Ihangiro rikomeye rya OMS rya 2016-2030 rigamije kurandura malaria mu bihugu nibura 30 gushika mu 2030.

Mu 2021, urucanco rwa mbere rwa malaria rwararekuwe na OMS kugira rukoreshwe mu gukinga malaria ku bana, mu 2023 naho, OMS yatanguje umugambi wo gutanga incanco zingana na miriyoni 18 z'urucanco rwa mbere rwa malaria mu bihugu 12 vyo muri Afrika gushika mu 2025.

Ibineguro

OMS yaraneguwe cane ku kugene yarwanije icaduka ca Ebola muri Afrika y'uburengero mu 2014, aho uguhanahana amakuru nabi hamwe n'abakozi badashoboye akazi vyatumye iryo shirahamwe ritanyaruka gufata ingamba zo kurwanya iyo ndwara.

Abashigikiye iryo shirahamwe bavuga ko bimwe mu bineguro ico gihe kwari ukurirenganya kandi ko ivyo ryari ryitezweko bitashoboka.

OMS irashobora gutanga amakuru n'umwihwezo, ariko nta bubasha ifise bwo gufata ingingo ku gitegerezwa gukorwa. Rishobora gukora gusa ari uko igihugu kiri muri ryo gisavye gufashwa.

Mu 2020, umukuru wa Amerika Donald Trump yamenyesheje ko yari kuvana ico gihugu muri iryo shirahamwe mpuzamakungu, avuga ko ritakoze ibihagaije ngo rihagarike ikwirakwira rya Covid-19, akaryagiriza kandi kuba ryifatiwe n'Ubushinwa muri ico gihe c'ikiza.

Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni co gihugu ca mbere gitanga intererano nini muri OMS, iyo ngingo ya Trump rero yari incamugongo kuri ryo.

Buno nyene akiba umukuru w'igihugu, Joe Biden yaciye avuguruza ingingo ya Trump yizeza OMS ko Amerika izoguma ishigikiye ku rwego rwa poritike n'urw'intererano y'amafaranga.

Umugwi w'abahinga bigenga washizweho na OMS wanzuye ko ico kiza cari gushobora kwirindwa, kandi ko inyishu ihuriweko na OMS na reta z'ibihugu rwabaye ''uruvangi rw'uburozi''.

Uwo mugwi wasiguye ko komite ya OMS ku bibazo vyihutirwa yari kuba yatangaje ko ico caduka mu Bushinwa cari icihutirwa ku rugero mpuzamakungu indwi imwe imbere y'igihe wabikoreye.

Kugira hazorwanywe ikindi kiza cosubira kwaduka, uwo mugwi wasavye ko ibintu vyotunganywa neza ku rugero rw'isi kandi OMS ikongererezwa uburyo.