Intambara yo muri Gaza: Menya ingene Israel ironka ibirwanisho

Ibihugu vy’Uburengero biriko biraterwa igitsure gikomeye bisabwa guhagarika guha Israel ibirwanisho kubera ingene yitwara mu ntambara na Hamas muri Gaza.

Israel ni igihugu gishora cane hanze ibirwanisho, ariko muri ino ntambara yo mu kirere abahinga babona ko ari yo ya mbere ikomeye cane muri iki gihe ca vuba, igisirikare cayo kigendera cane ku ndege, amabombe n’ibisasu vya misire igurira hanze.

Amashirahamwe amwe amwe n’abanyaporitike bamwe bamwe bo mu bihugu vy’incuti za Israel mu Burengero bavuga ko igurishwa ry’ibirwanisho muri iki gihugu rikwiye guhagarara, kubera bavuga ko Israel yananiwe no gukingira abasivire bikwiye be no kureka kugira ngo imfashanyo zibashikire.

Ku wa gatanu, Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe agateka ka muntu yarashigikiye icemezo co gufatira Israel ibihano ku birwanisho, aho cemejwe n’ibihugu 28, bitandatu bikagihakana, 13 navyo bikifata. Amerika n’Ubudagi – ibihugu biharurwa mu biyiha ibirwanisho vyinshi – vyaragihakanye. Ubudagi buvuga ko bwagihakanye kubera kitiyamiriza Hamas mu buryo bweruye.

Twibukanye ko ino ntambara yandurutse ku gitero ca Hamas co ku wa 7 Gitugutu (10) umwaka uheze wa 2023, cahitanye abantu bababa 1200, bagizwe ahanini n’abasivire, nk’uko ibiharuro vya Israel bivyerekana. Gushika ubu, abarenga 33.000 baramaze kwicwa muri Gaza, 70% muri bo bakaba ari abagore n’abana, nk’uko bivugwa n’ubushikiranganji bujejwe amagara y’abantu mu butegetsi bwa Hamas.

Israel ishimangira ko ingabo zayo zikora ibishoboka kugira ngo ntihagire abasivire bagwa mu mporero, ikagiriza Hamas ko ikora n’ibigirankana mu gushira abasivire mu ntambara kandi ko itazibira imfashanyo.

Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika

Amerika gushika ubu nico gihugu ca mbere giha Israel ibirwanisho vyinshi, ikaba yaranayifashije kwubaka kimwe mu bisirikare bifise ubuhinga bw’amayobera kw’isi.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’ikigo Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), mu birwanisho Israel yaguriye hanze hagati ya 2019 na 2023, 69% vyavuye muri Amerika.

Amerika iha Israel imiriyaridi 3.8 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika mu masezerano y’imyaka cumi yerekeye imfashanyo ya gisirikare ifise intego yo “gukomeza igisirikare gusumba” ibihugu bibanyi.

Israel ikoresha iyi mfashanyo mu kugura indege z’intambara zo mu bwoko bwa F-35, indege y’intambara ya mbere ya none itabonwa na vya vyuma vyo gucungera ikirere (radar). Imaze gutumako 75 ikaba imaze kwakira 30 muri izi ndege. Ni co gihugu ca mbere hampande ya Amerika kironse indege ya F-35 kikaba kandi ari co ca mbere kiyikoresheje mu ntambara.

Igice kimwe muri iyi mfashanyo – imiriyoni 500 z’amadorari ku mwaka – ishirwa ku ruhande kugira ikoreshejwe mu mugambi wo gucungera ikirere, harimwo vya bisasu bisama amabombe vya Iron Dome, n’ibindi bisasu rutura vya misire bizwi nka Arrow na Fronde de David. Israel irakoresha cane ubwoko bw’ibi birwanisho mu kwivuna ibitero vya muzinga, ibisasu vya misire n’amadrone bikorwa n’imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho y’abanya-Palestina muri Gaza, co kimwe n’iyindi mirwi ifashwe mu mugongo na Irani ifise ivyicaro muri Libani, Iraki na Syria.

Mu misi yakurikiye igitero ca Hamas co ku wa 7 Gitugutu, Perezida Joe Biden yavuze ko Amerika “yariko irongereza imfashanyo ya gisirikare” igenewe Israel.

Kuva intambara itanguye, Amerika imaze kugurisha ku mugaragaro ibirwanisho muri Israel incuro zibiri gusa - incuro imwe ikaba ari iy’ibisasu 14.000 vy’ibimodoka vy’intambara bitamenwa n’amasasu asanzwe bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 106 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika hamwe n’ibisasu vya muzinga vya 155mm bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 147 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Ariko ibinyamakuru vya Amerika bivuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Joe Biden bwagurishije mu kinyegero ibikoresho vya gisirikare incuro zirenga 100 kuri Israel, hafi vyose bikaba biri musi y’urugero rusabwa kubanza kumenyeshwa inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka. Bivugwa ko muri ibi harimwo ibisasu ntahusha biharurwa mu bihumbi, amabombe matomato, ibisasu vyo gusambura imyobo be n’inkoho ntonto.

Hagati aho, icegeranyo ca SIPRI kivuga ko nubwo ubutegetsi bwa Biden bwahaye Israel ibi birwanisho mu kinyegero, urugero rw’ibirwanisho vyose Amerika yahaye Israel mu 2023 rwari co kimwe n’urwa 2022.

Amwe mu masezerano yategerezwa kubanza kumenyeshwa inama nshingamateka na nkengizamateka ni ay’indege 50 za F-15 afise agaciro k’imiriyoni 18 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika, yagiye kuja ahabona mu ndwi iheze. Inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka ntizirayemeza.

Nubwo izi ndege bizoba ngombwa ko zibanza guhingurwa kuva ku ntango kandi zidashobora gushoka zitangwa, igurishwa ryazo ryiteze guharirwako cane mu mugambwe w’aba-Democrats wa Biden, aho abenshi mu bashingamateka n’abakenguzamateka bawo babandanya bagira amakenga ku bikorwa vya Israel muri Gaza.

Umukenguzamateka Elizabeth Warren avuga ko yiteguriye kuzibira ano masezerano mbere akaba yagiriza Israel “gutera ibibombe mu rudavagi” muri Gaza.

Ubudagi

Ubudagi bugira kabiri mu bihugu biha ibirwanisho Israel, ku rugero rwa 30% hagati ya 2019 na 2023, nk’uko bivugwa na SIPRI.

Mu ntango ya Munyonyo, iki gihugu ca Bulaya cagurishije ibirwanisho bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 300 z’ama-euro mu mwaka uheze – incuro cumi ugereranje na 2022 – aho vyinshi muri vyo vyagurishijwe inyuma y’igitero co ku wa 7 Gitugutu 2023.

Itororokanirizo ry’amakuru DPA rivuga ko vyinshi muri ibi bikoresho vya gisirikare harimwo ibirwanisho vyo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere hamwe n’ivy’itumatumanako.

Muri ino ntambara, umukuru wa reta y’Ubudagi Olaf Scholz arashigikiye cane ko Israel igira uburenganzira bwose bwo kwivuna kandi nubwo imvugo yahindutse ku bikorwa vya Israel muri Gaza kuva mu misi mike iheze mbere hakaba hari impari mu Budagi, ntibiboneka ko hoba hari umugambi wo guheba guha Israel ibirwanisho.

Ubutaliyano

Ubutaliyano buza ubugira gatatu mu bihugu biha Israel ibirwanisho, ariko bikaba vyari ku rugero rwa 0.9% gusa rw’ivyo Israel yaguriye hanze hagati ya 2019 na 2023. Bivugwa ko muri ibi harimwo za kajugujugu n’ibisasu vya muzinga bikoreshwa n’amato y’intambara.

Igisata c’igihugu kijejwe ibiharuro ISTAT kivuga ko mu mwaka uheze ivyagurishijwe vyari bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 13.7 z’ama-euro.

Ibifise agaciro k’imiriyoni zababa 2.1 z’ama-euro ni vyo vyemejwe hagati ya Gitugutu na Kigarama (12), nubwo reta yari yiyemeje kuzibira ano masezerano yisunze itegeko rizibira igurishwa ry’ibirwanisho ku bihugu biri mu ntambara canke bifatwa ko bihonyanga agateka ka zina muntu.

Mu kwezi guheze, umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi Guido Crosetto yabwiye inama nshingamateka ko Ubutaliyano bwakurikije amasezerano yari asanzwe ahari inyuma yo kwihweza ikibazo ku kindi kandi bumaze kubona ko “atari yerekeye ibikoresho vyashobora gukoreshwa mu guhohotera abasivire”.

Ibindi bihugu

Ubwongereza buha Israel ibirwanisho bike, nk’uko bivugwa na reta yabwo, aho mu 2022 bwayihaye ibifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 53 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Ishirahamwe Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) rivuga ko kuva mu 2008, Ubwongereza bwatanze uruhusha rwo kugurisha ibirwanisho kuri Israel vyose hamwe bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 727 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Vyinshi muri vyo ni ibikoreshwa n’indege z’intambara za Amerika zahawe Israel. Ariko reta y’Ubwongereza iriko iterwa igitsure ko yohagarika iryo gurishwa.

Umushikiranganji wa mbere Rishi Sunak avuga ko Ubwongereza bufise "amasezerano yitondewe yo kugurisha ibirwanisho hanze" kandi akavuga ko Israel itegerezwa "gukora yisunze amasezerano mpuzamakungu ajejwe agateka ka zina muntu".

Reta y’Ubwongereza kandi iriko irategura isuzuma rizokwiheza nimba Israel ishobora kuba ihonyanga amategeko mpuzamakungu mu bikorwa vyayo kuva mu ntango za 2024”.

Ariko isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru muri reta yabwiye BBC ko Israel ata bihano igihe gufatirwa ku birwanisho.

Mu gihe igihugu ca Canada cahaye Israel ibirwanisho vyari bifise agaciro k’imiriyoni 15.7 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika mu 2022, reta yaco yavuze mu kwa mbere ko yari yahagaritse gutanga impusha nshasha zo kugurisha ibirwanisho kuri Israel gushika yerekanye ko bikoreshwa hakurikijwe amategeko ya Canada. Hagati ho, amasezerano asanzwe ahari arabandanya ukuri kwamye.

Inganda zo mu rwego rwo kwivuna abansi

Israel yarubatse kandi inganda zihingura ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu rwego rwo kwivuna abansi ifashijwe na Amerika, ubu ikaba iza ubw’icenda mu bihugu bigurisha ibirwanisho hanze, ikaba yitayeho cane cane ibikoresha ubuhinga bwa none.

SIPRI ivuga ko mu birwanisho vyose vyagurishijwe ku rwego mpuzamakungu Israel yari ifise 2.3% hagati ya 2019 na 2023, aho Ubuhindi bwahawe 37%, Philippines nayo 12% hanyuma Amerika nayo igatwara 8.7%. Ubushikiranganji bwa Israel bujejwe kwivuna abansi buvuga ko mu 2022 iki gihugu cagurishije ibirwanisho bifise agaciro k’imiriyaridi 12.5 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika.

Za ndege zitagira abadereva (drones/UAV) zagize ibice 25% z’ibi bikoresho vyagurishijwe hanze, hakurikira ibisasu vya misire, ibisasu vya muzinga hamwe n’ibisasu vyo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere (ku rugero rwa 19%) hanyuma hagakurikira ama-radar n’ibikoresho vy’intambara za elektroniki (ku rugero rwa 13%), nk’uko ubu bushikiranganji bubivuga.

Mu kw’icenda, imbere y’uko intambara itangura, Ubudagi bwemeje amasezerano afise agaciro k’imiriyaridi 3.5 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika yo kugura ibisasu karuhariwe vya misire zo mu bwoko bwa Arrow 3 vyo gusama ibisasu vya misire biraswa kure. Ano masezerano – ari na yo ya mbere manini gushika ico gihe – yategerezwa kubanza kwemezwa n’inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka za Amerika kubera vyahinguwe mu mugambi rusangi.

Ububiko bwa gisirikare bwa Amerika muri Israel

Israel ifise kandi ububiko bunini bw’ibirwanisho vya Amerika kuva mu 1984 vyokoreshwa n’ingabo za Amerika mu gihe hokwaduka intambara y’akarere, ukaba kandi ari umugambi wo guha Israel uburyo bwihuta bwo kuronka ibirwanisho mu bihe vyihutirwa.

Ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi (Pentagon) bwarungikiye Ukraine ibisasu vya muzinga 300.000 vya 155mm bivuye mu bubiko bw’integabizoza bwa Israel, inyuma y’igitero c’Uburusiy.

Biravugwa ko ibirwanisho biri muri ubu bubiko vyahawe Israel kuva intambara yo muri Gaza itanguye.