Israel v Hezbollah: Ishusho ishoboka y’ibitero byo ku butaka byitezwe muri Liban

Ibitero bishya kuri Liban birimo gutegura kwinjira ku butaka bwa Liban kw’ingabo za Israel, ni ko umwe mu bakuru ba gisikare avuga.

“Murumva indege hejuru yanyu, twiriwe tubarasa umunsi wose. Ibi ni ugutegura [amayira y’] ubutaka ngo mu be mwakwinjira no gukomeza guca integer Hezbollah”, ni ko Herzi Halevi yabwiye abasirikare.

Imirwano ya vuba aha hagati ya Israel na Liban yibutsa benshi intambara yo mu 2006, aho ibitero bikomeye by’indege z’intambara byabanjirije kwinjira kw’ingabo ku butaka bwa Liban.

Nyuma y’igitero cya Hamas muri Israel cyo ku wa 07 Ukwakira(10) 2023, umutwe witwara gisirikare wa Hezbollah wahise utangira kurasa muri Israel urasira mu majyepfo ya Liban, ubuhashize umwaka habaho ibikorwa byo kurasana bihoraho.

Rero, niba Israel yiyemeje gutera inkijira muri Liban, icyo gitero cyaba gisa gite, Israel yaba igamije kwinjira ikigarurira ubutaka?

Israel iritegura gutera ikinjira ku butaka bwa Liban

Abashinzwe ubuzima bavuze ko mu bishwe harimo abasivile Minisitiri w’intebe Benjamin Netanyahu, inshuro zirenze imwe yarahiriye ko azacyura abaturage bagera ku 60,000 bavuye mu byabo mu majyaruguru ya Israel kubera iyi mirwano na Hezbollah yagiye ikomera.

Ku wa gatatu tariki 25 Nzeri(9), havuyeho urujijo ko Israel ishaka kwinjira muri Liban mu buryo rubaka, ishaka gukuraho inkeke Hezbollah iteje kuri abo baturage.

Herzi Halevi yabwiye abasirikare ati: “Uyu munsi, turakomeza, ntabwo duhagarara; turakomeza tubarase kandi tubakubitire hose. Intego irasobanutse – gucyura neza abatuye mu majyaruguru”.

Yavuze ko igisirikare kirimo “kwitegura uburyo runaka, busobanuye ko inkweto zanyu za gisirikare, zizinjira ku butaka bw’umwanzi, kwinjira mu mihana Hezbollah yahinduye ibirindiro bya gisirikare”.

Mbere y’ibi, ku wa mbere tariki 23 Nzeri, iyi mirwano yafashe indi ntera ikomeye, aho abantu barenga 550 bishwe uwo munsi gusa n’ibitero by’indege z’intambara aho Israel yavuze ko yari igamije Hezbollah muri Liban.

, abagore, abana n’abaganga.

Nubwo ibitero by’indege byakomeje, abasesenguzi benshi baravuga ko vuba aha Israel izohereza n’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka muri Liban.

Igitero cya Israel imbere muri Liban cyaba gisa gute?

Mu ntambara zabanje muri Liban, Israel yakoreshaga amayeri atandukanye mu bitero byayo byo ku butaka.

Kugira ngo wumve bimwe mu bishobora kwitegwa, ni ingenzi gusubiramo ibitero byabaye mbere bya Israel muri Liban, mu 1982 no mu 2006.

Mu 1982, ingabo za Israeli zisutse muri Liban ngo zihagarike ibitero by’ibisasu bya Palestina, guhagarika imbaraga za Syria muri Liban no “gufasha gushyiraho leta y’inshuti muri Liban yakwemera gusinya amasezerano y’amahoro na Israel”, nk’uko bivugwa n’urubuga rw’ubutumwa bwa dipolomasiya rwa Israel.

Icyo gihe, abanye-Palestina, bayobowe na Yasser Arafat n’ishyaka rye Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), ntibemeraga Israel nka leta, na Israel ntiyihanganiraga leta ya Palestine.

Icyo gitero cyari karundura, cyarimo abasirikare ibihumbi, ibifaru ibihumbi n’ibimodoka bitamenwa n’amasasu yose.Cyajyaniranye n’ibitero bikaze byo mu kirere, mu nyanja n’ibisasu bya muzinga birasirwa kure.

Israel yinjiriye ahantu henshi, kandi mu cyumweru kimwe ingabo zayo zari zigeze ku nkengero z’umurwa mukuru Beirut, maze zirawugota.

Isi yakiriye ite igitero cyo mu 1982?

Yasser Arafat, hamwe n’ingabo zigera ku 2,000 za Syria zari zimushyigikiye byabaye ngombwa ko bahunga bava muri Liban.

Icyo gihe, umunyamakuru wa BBC yaranditse ati: “Birasa n’ibidashoboka ko Arafat, ubu urumo kwerekeza mu Bugereki n’ubwato, azabona indi leta ya Cyarabu imwakira nyuma y’ingaruka mbi cyane zo kwakirwa na Liban”.

Gusa, Israel yaramaganwe cyane ku isi, cyane ubwo muri Nzeri(9) 1982 amagana y’abanye-Palestine i Beirut yicwaga n’inyeshyamba za Gikristu mu gihe ingabo za Israel zabirebaga ntacyo zikora.

Nyuma ubu bwicanyi bwiswe ‘Sabra and Shatila massacre’, byavuzwe ko bwari ukwihimura ku kwica perezida wari watowe Bashir Gemayel iminsi ine mbere yaho.

Kwinjira ku butaka bwa Liban mu 2006 kwari gufite aho kugarukira kandi kugenda buhoro ugereranyije no mu 1982, kandi kwagarukiye mu mijyi imwe n’imwe iri mu birometero bicye uvuye ku mupaka wa Israel na Liban.

Yoav Stern, umunya-Israel w’umusesenguzi wa politike yabwiye BBC ku wa mbere tariki 23 Nzeri ko ibitero byo ku butaka birimo gutegurwa bishobora gusa n’ibyabaye mu 1982, gusa ko byo bishobora kugenda buhoro, kwitonderwa no gushyirwamo imibare myinshi.

Yoav avuga ko Israel ishobora gufata imijyi imwe mu majyepfo ya Liban, umwe ku wundu, aho guhita ikora igitero kinini gisesuye kuri Liban yose. Aha avuga ko cyaba gisa n’icyo mu 2006 ariko kikagera kure cyane imbere muri Liban kugera ku ruzi rwa Litani.

Uruzi Litani ni ingenzi kandi rufatwa kenshi nk’ikintu gikomeye ku barwanira kugenzura uduce tw’ingenzi muri Liban.

Yoav Stern ibyo avuga abishingira ku gihe kinini Hezbollah imaze mu mijyi yo mu majyepfo ya Liban, kandi Israel ikaba ishaka kuhiruka uwo mutwe.

Umusesenguzi w’ibya gisirikare wahoze ari jenerali Hisham Jaber avuga ko igitero cy’ingabo za Israel muri Liban kitazaba kigamije ko izo ngabo zihaguma igihe kirekire.

Agira ati: “Israel yabonye ingaruka zo kugerageza kugumana aho yafashe mu 2006”, yongeraho ko ikindi gitero cyose gishoboka cyaba gisa ukundi.

Jaber yiteze ko ibitero byo ku butaka muri Liban byagarukira ku gace gato kegereye umupaka. Aho ingabo za Israel zajya zigaba igitero kitarengeje umunsi umwe.

Jaber yiteze ko Israel izakora ibi bitero bidahoraho byo ku butaka ahubwo igakomeza gukaza ibitero by’indege z’intambara, kwica abantu runaka, n’ibitero byifashishije ikoranabuhanga.

Ibyo bitero byakorwa hehe?

Jaber yiteze ko ibitero byo ku butaka bya Israel “byagarukira ku hantu hacye mu mujyi yo ku mupaka wa Liban”, ariko avuga ko bishobora kugendana n’ibyo yise “commando operations” mu bindi bice bya Liban.

Ku rundi ruhande, Yoav Stern yiteze ko igitero cyitezwe cyo ku butaka kizibasira amajyepfo yose ya Liban, aho ni “agace kari hagati y’umupaka wa Israel na Liban hamwe n’uruzi Litani”.

Gusa avuga ko Israel ibyo yabifatanya no gutera bya hato na hato igice cyo mu majyaruguru ya Litani. Avuga ko ingabo za Israel zakwinjira ziyoberanyije mu bindi bice bya Liban zigamije kurema umwuka wo kwemera ibiganiro by’amahoro mu gihe kizaza.

Ibitero byo mu ntambara yo mu 1982 byibanze ku mayira atatu, inzira ebyiri zahereye mu gace kazwi nka Galilee Finger werekeza mu kibaya cya Bekaa mu burasirazuba bwa Liban, n’inzira ya gatatu yo ku muhanda muremure uri ku mwaro w’inyanja uva mu majyepfo ya Beirut.

Icyo gitero cyarimo kandi abasirikare baturutse mu nyanja bazanywe n’amato bafite n’ibimodoka by’imitamenwa binjiriye mu mujyi wa Sidon uri mu majyepfo.

Intego z’igitero kitezwe zizaba ari izihe?

Intego yatangajwe y’intambara yo mu 1982 yari iyo gukiza imijyi yo mu majyaruguru ya Israel ibisasu by’abarwanyi ba Palestine barasiraga mu majyepfo ya Liban, bakabasunika muri 40km uvuye ku mupaka wa Israel na Liban.

Israel yongeyeho indi ntego yo gusenya ibikoresho bya PLO, harimo ikicaro cyayo i Beirut, no kuvana ingabo za Syria muri Liban.

Igitero cya Israel cyo mu 1982 ntabwo cyagarukiye mu majyepfo ya Liban gusa, ahubwo no mu kibaya cya Bekaa, mu misozi miremire ya Chouf n’i Beirut.

Hisham Jaber abona ko igitero cyo ku butaka kitagera kure gishobora kugira ingaruka nto no mu gihe kirekire kiri imbere.

Stern, ku rundi ruhande, abona ko mbere na mbere Israel izaba igamije gusunika abarwanyi ba Hezbollah bagasubira haruguru y’uruzi Litani ku mpamvu ebyiri z’ingenzi:

“Guhagarika kurasa misile zigera hafi mu mijyi ya Israel, no gukumira ko mu majyaruguru ya Israel haba igitero gisa nk’icyo ku wa 07 Ukwakira(10)."