Uganda: Kubera iki imbuga zikwiragiza ububeshi zivye isura yiwe?

Amatohoza ya BBC yashize ahabona amazina y'amahimbano ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi muri Uganda.

Bakoresheje amazina atari yo, bakwiragiza ubutumwa bw'abashigikiye reta bakanatera ubwoba ababanebaguye.

None n'abahe bantu binyegeje inyuma y'ivyo bintu?

Si kenshi ushobora kwifata ifoto [selfie] uri kumwe na prezida wa Uganda, Yoweri Museveni. Igihe akanya kaboneka, Dr Jamechia Hoyle yarabikoze.

N'umuhinga wo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri Amerika, mu yerekeye umutekano muvyo amagara y'abantu. Muri Gitugutu (10) 2017, yaragiye i Kampala ku mugwa mukuru wa Uganda, mu nama mpuzamakungu.

Prezida Museveni yari yitavye iyo nama kugira yakire abashitsi baje bava mu bindi bihugu.

Yinyuranganije mu bantu, Dr Hoyle yaramwegereye, afise telefone mu ntoke.

Aribuka "yari anezerewe no kuganira natwe n'uko twifotozanya".

Babonye Dr Hoyle na prezida ariko aratwenga, bakikujwe n'abandi bantu bariko baramwenyura bariko barifotoza, abafata amafoto bari bababonye nk'ejo - na bo baca barafata iyo foto.

Inyuma y'imyaka ine, iyo foto yarakoreshejwe mu kwugurura ikonte [compte] ku mbuga hwaniro zifise intumbero yo gushimagiza reta no kwifatira mu gahanga abatavuga rumwe na yo.

Dr Hoyle abibonye vuba, inyuma y'aho BBC imuvugishirije.

Agira ati:"Mbonye ifoto yanje nk'anamenya na bimwe bimwe mu vyahanahanywe... nararengewe."

Uwiyita "Jamechia"

Ikonte mpimbano ikoresha izina rya Dr Hoyle yaruguruwe kuri X, yahoze yitwa Twitter, mu 2021.

Kuva mu ntango, yasa n'uko ata kindi ivuga atari politike yo muri Uganda gusa, aho yaguma yandika ubutumwa bwo guhayagiza reta ya Uganda na politike yayo.

Amajambo akarishe - rimwe rimwe harimwo iterabwoba - yarakoreshejwe ku batavuga rumwe na reta n'abanebagura reta.

Mu kwishura kuri tweet y'umukuru w'abatavuga rumwe na reta Bobi Wine, mu bisanzwe yitwa Robert Kyagulanyi, ata n'ivyemeza yerekanye, iyo konte yanditse "turazi ko mushigikiye ibikorwa vy'iterabwoba."

Mu yindi tweet yishura Hillary Innocent Taylor Seguya, umunye Uganda aharanira ihindagurika ry'ibihe aba mu gihugu ca Amerika akaba ari n'umuyoboke w'umugambwe wa Bobi Wine, National Unity Platform, yamugize ati:"Muzopfa".

Ku mbuga hwaniro, Seguya yamenyekanye cane anebagura umwe mu migambi reta ya Uganda yashize imbere: Umuyoboro w'igitoro wo muri Afrika y'ubuseruko (EACOP).

Uyo muyoboro w'igitoro ucite imiriyaridi 3.5 z'amadorari uramutse urangiye, uzohuza ikibanza cimbwamwo igitoro muri Uganda hamwe n'ikivuko ca Tanga muri Tanzania, ukaba uzoca ku nkengera y'ibarabara rireha n'ibirometero1.445.

Ishirahamwe rutura mu kwimba ibitoro ryo mu Bufaransa, Total Energie rifisemwo ibice bibiri kuri bitatu vy'umutahe, ibindi bice bisigaye bikaba bisangiwe n'amashirahamwe y'ibitoro muri Uganda na Tanzania yegukira reta hamwe n'irindi shirahamwe ryo mu Bushinwa.

Abashigikiye uwo mugambi bavuga ko uzotanga akazi ku bantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, hamwe n'inyungu y'amamiriyoni ivuye mu bitoro.

Ariko abagwanya uwo mugambi bavuga ko EACOP ishobora guhungabanya ababa aho izoca kandi igire n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

Imyiyerekano yo kugwanya iyubakwa ry'uwo muyoboro yarabaye hirya no hino muri Uganda, haraba n'abahagarikwa, nk'uko vyemezwa n'imigwi iharanira agateka ka zina muntu.

Ariko kuba Seguya yiyamiriza atarya umunwa reta n'imigambi yayo nka EACOP birafise ingaruka.

Avuga "amakonte y'amahmbano abandanya kuntuka. Abandanya kuvuga ko ndi umwansi w'amajambere muri Uganda no muri Afrika. Rimwe na rimwe bavuga ko "ndi igikoresho ca Amerika" canke ko "naguzwe".

Ikonte y'uwiyita Jamechia n'imwe muzirenga mirongo ibiri zifatira mu gahanga zikanatera ubwoba Seguya.

Ariko uravye neza, zirafise uko zigenda zishaka gusa uko zimeze.

Bose bavuga ko ari abaganda - kenshi abagore - ikonte zabo zisa n'izifise intumbero yo guhayagiza prezida no kwiyamiriza abatavuga rumwe na we.

Ikigo ca Uganda kijejwe ibimenyeshamakuru, gikurikirana ibivugwa mu bantu kw'izina rya reta, nta co cishuye tugisavye ko cogira ico kibivuzeko.

Uruhererekane rw'amakonte y'ububeshi

Wihweje uko izo konte zikora, BBC Verify yarashoboye kubona urukurikirane rw'amakonte y'impimbano 200 ku mbuga za X na Facebook (n'aho urwo rubuga rwugawe muri Uganda mu 2021).

Nyinshi muri izo konte zakoresha amafoto zivye - kenshi amafoto y'abanye mideli n'abakinyi ba film bo kw'isi yose. Ari nta zina na rimwe bakoresha risa n'iryo umuntu abaho haba muri Uganda canke Tanzania.

Izo konte zashirako kenshi ibintu bisa mu kiringo nk'ico iminota nk'ibiri itandukanye. Twihweje igihe ayo makonte yugururiwe, twasanze menshi muri yo yugururiwe umusi umwe.

Ivyo vyerekana ko n'aho zisa n'aho ari konte zidasa, zikorana.

Biragoye kumenya urugero urwo rukurikirane rw'amakonte rwoba rwarahinduye uko abantu babona reta, kuko n'ubutumwa buke bwaronse aberekana ko babukunze [J'aime], ababwishuye canke babuhererekanye.

N'aho bigoye gutahura, abo bantu barashobora kutagira ico bashitseko? Eka da!, Uko ni ko abahinga babibona.

Tessa Knight umushakashatsi wo muri Digital Forensic Research Lab de l'Atlantic Council, agira amatohoza ku nkuru z'ibinyoma asigura ati:"Ico bashaka gushikako gushobora ari ugushaka gutanga ubutumwa - ko abantu babwitaho canke batabwitaho, nta co bibabwira. Igikuru n'uko baba babubonye".

Ni bande bakoresha izo konte

Bahamagawe na BBC, Meta yarahanaguye nyinshi mmuri izo konte kuri Facebook twashoboye kumenya.

Meta yibaza ko abantu bakorana na Government Citizen Interaction Centre (GCIC) - ikigo ca reta ya Uganda - boba ari bo bakoresha izo konte yafuse.

Meta ntiyerekanye ivyemeza yavuga ko ifise yishimikije mu kwemeza ivyo. BBC ntiyashoboye guhinyuza iyo nkuru.

Ariko mu nyandiko, ikigo GCIC carabihakanye, cemeza ko amakonte yabo "adakorera kuri Facebook".

Ariko si ubwa mbere ico kigo cagirizwa gukora ivyo: mu 2021, Facebook yarafatiye ingingo amakonte amajana n'amajana yavuga ko akorana na GCIC.

X ntiyishuye kuvyo twayishikirije kandi urwo rubuga nta ngingo n'imwe rwafatiwe amakonte BBC yabonye.

Tubajije ko boba bammenye imwe mu makonte ari kuri X, GCIC yishuye:"Turemera amakonte y'abakozi bacu bafise akazi ko gukwiragiza amakuru yerekeye ibikorwa vya reta. Ntituzi kandi ntitubazwa amakonte atari ayo abakozi bakoresha ku kazi."

GCIC ntibishuye ku bibazo vyo kurondera vyo kumenya nimba konte twabonye zakoreshwa n'abakozi ba reta.

Seguya avuga ko "adatangajwe" n'uko ayo makonte ariho, ariko agasaba ko abazugurura bamenya ikiguzi c'ivyo bakwiragiza ku babanebagura.

Agira ati:"Ntibazi inkurikizi bigira ku buzima bw'umuntu mu mutwe abonye iryo terabwoba ku bantu nkanje hamwe n'abandi bo mu yandi mashirahamwe.

"Ntabagacecekeshe abatavuga rumwe na bo. Kutavuga rumwe ni demokrasi."