Israel-Hamas: Ubwo igitero ca Israel muri Gaza kirashobora gushika ku ntego yaco?

Abategetsi ba Israel batangaza ko bategerezwa gufuta kw’isi umuhari Hamas, kandi ko Gaza itazokwigera isubira kuba nk’uko yari imeze.

"Umunywanyi wa Hamas wese ni umupfu", niko umushikiranganji wa mbere Benjamin Netanyahu yavuze inyuma y’aho abarwanyi b’uno muhari bagandaguriye abantu 1300 mu gitero c’ubugome bakoze kuri Israel.

Intego ya kino gitero ciswe Operation Swords of Iron ( mu gifaransa Opération Épées de Fer twogereranya mu Kirundi na Igitero Inkota z’Icuma) isa n’iyirengeye kure cane izindi nteguro zose igisirikare kimaze gutegura kuri Gaza imbere y’aha. Ariko none, ubwo iki ni ikintu gishoboka mu buryo bwa gisirikare? Ni gute abakuru ba gisirikare bashobora kubishikako?

Igitero co ku butaka muri Gaza gisigura ko ari intambara y’inzu ku nzu kandi kikagira ingaruka mbi ku basivire. Ibitero vyo mu kirere bimaze guhitana abaharurwa mu bihumbi, nayo abarenga 400.000 bakaba bamaze guta izabo.

Igisirikare gifise kandi igikorwa kindi co kurokora abantu nibura 150 banyurujwe, bakaba bapfungiwe mu bibanza bitazwi muri Gaza.

Herzi Halevi, umukuru w’ibiro vy’igisirikare ca Israel (IDF), yiyemeje “gusambura" Hamas, kandi aratunga urutoke umukuru wayo wa poritike muri Gaza. Ariko none ubwo hoba hari imbono nyayo y’ukungene Gaza ishobora kumera inyuma y’imyaka 16 y’intwaro y’igikenye ya Hamas?

"Sinibaza ko Israel ishoboye gufuta abanywanyi bose ba Hamas, kuko ni umuhari wubakiye ku vyiyumviro bikaze vya Islam”, niko umuhinga mu vya gisirikare Amir Bar Shalom yabwiye iradiyo y’igisirikare ca Israel. "Ariko gusa irashobora kuwunaniza uko ishoboye kwose gushika aho ubura uburyo bwo gusubira kurwana".

Kumbure iyi irashobora kuba ari intego yumvikana. Israel imaze kurwana intambara zine n’umuhari Hamas, kandi igihe cose yagerageje kuzibira ibitero vyawo vya muzinga yarananiwe.

Umuvugizi w’igisirikare Liyetena-Koroneri Jonathan Conricus avuga ko intambara izorangira Hamasa itagifise ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bwo “gutera ubwoba canke kwica abasivire ba Israel”.

Igitero co ku butaka kirimwo ivyago vyinshi

Hari ibintu vyinshi bishobora gutuma igitero ca gisirikare ataco gishikako.

Ishami rya gisirikare rya Hamas, Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades, rishobora kuba ryariteguriye igitero ca Israel. Rishobora kuba ryaramaze gutega ibisasu, mbere rikanategura imitego. Rishobora kwikora ku rusobekerane karuhariwe rw’imyobo yayo mu gutera ingabo za Israel.

Mu 2014, amabatayo (bataillons) yari mu gitero ca Israel co ku butaka yarahaboneye ibara mu bisasu vyo gusambura ibimodoka vy’intambara bitegwa mu kuzimu (mines anti-chars), abarashi ntahusha barasa binyegeje (snipers) hamwe n’imitego, mu gihe abasivire amajana n’amajana baguye mu ntambara yo mu kagere k’uburaruko bw’igisagara ca Gaza.

Nico gituma Israel yasavye Abanyapalestina imiriyoni 1.1 baba mu gace k’uburaruko bwa Gaza gukura meza.

Abanya-Israel baramaze kuburirwa ko iyi ntambara ishobora kumara amezi atari make, abasirikare 360.000 b’integabizoza bakaba bamaze gufata inzira yo ku rugamba.

Ikibazo ni ukumenya igihe Israel ishobora kumara iriko irarwana itaraterwa igitsure n’amakungu ko yosubira inyuma.

Gaza iriko iraba “umuriro udahera”, niko umukuru w’ishami rya ONU rijejwe impunzi avuga. Abapfa bagenda biyongera ku muvuduko udasanzwe; amazi, umuyagankuba n’igitoro vyarugawe, mu gihe ubu igice c’abanyagihugu bariko babwirwa kuva mu turere tutari duto.

"Reta n’igisirikare babona ko amakungu abashigikiye – cane cane abategetsi b’Uburengero. Bagira bati ‘reka twiyegeranye, turafise igihe gihagije’,” bivugwa na Yossi Melman, umwe mu bamenyeshamakuru bakomeye mu bijanye n’umutekano be n’igendereza.

Ariko bitebe bitebuke abona ko incuti za Israel hazogera igihe zikaja gutabara mu gihe bazobonera amasanamu y’abantu bariko bicwa n’inzara.

Kurokora abanyurujwe

Benshi mu banyurujwe ni abanya-Israel, ariko harimwo n’igitigiri kitari gito c’abanyamahanga hamwe n’abafise ubwenegihugu bubiri, ari co gituma ibihugu bitari bike, harimwo Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza, bafise ijambo muri ino ntambara no mu kurondera kubarokora.

Perezida Emmanuel Macron yemereye imiryango y’Abafaransa bakomoka muri Israel ko azobatahanira abakunzi babo: "Ubufaransa ntibushobora na rimwe guheba abana babwo".

Ntibizwi neza ingene kazoza k’aba banyurujwe gashobora gutuma abajejwe integuro za gisirikare bafata ingingo iyi cane iriya, mu gihe kandi hari n’igitsure co hagati mu gihugu ku bategetsi ba Israel.

Amir Bar Shalom agereranya ibiriko biraba n’ivyabaye mu 1972 mu nkino za Olempike i Munich, igihe umugabo w’umunya-Palestina yari yitwaje inkoho yafashe abanonotsi ba Israel akica abantu 11.

Igikorwa co guhiga no kwica buri muntu wese yagize uruhara muri iki gitero caratangujwe kandi arizeye ko reta izorondera abantu bose bafise uruhara muri iri nyuruzwa.

Igikorwa co kurokora abantu benshi nk’aba bapfungiwe mu turere dutandukanye twa Gaza gishobora kurengera abakomando b’igisirikare kidasanzwe ca Israel, Sayeret Matkal. Hamas imaze kugabisha ko ishobora kurasa aba banyurujwe mu buryo bwo kuzibira igitero ca Israel.

Mu 2011, Israel yemeye kurekura impfungwa zirenga 1000 mu kurondera kurekuza umusirikare umwe, Gilad Shalit, yari amaze imyaka itanu ari mu minwe ya Hamas. Ariko Israel ubu izobanza kuzungurutsa umutwe imbere yo kuzorekura ikindi gitigiri kinini c’impfungwa, kuko umwe mu bantu barekuwe muri ico gihe co guhanahana impfungwa yari Yahya Sinwar, kuva ico gihe akaba yabaye umukuru w’igisata ca poritike ca Hamas muri Gaza.

Ibihugu bibanyi bibikurikiranira hagufi

Ikindi gishobora gutuma igitero co ku butaka kimara igihe comara canke kikagenda uko cogenda ni ingene ibihugu bibanyi vya Israel bishobora kuvyitwaramwo.

Ishobora guterwa igitsure cinshi na Misiri isanzwe ihana urubibe na Gaza, ubu ikaba iriko irasaba ishimitse ko imfashanyo zokwemererwa kwinjira ziciye ku mupaka wa Rafah.

"Uko Abanyagaza bazobandanya bababara kubera igitero ca Israel, niko Misiri izobandanya iterwa igitsure, yagirizwa ko yahaye umugongo Abanyapalestina”, bivugwa na Ofir Winter mu mu kigo ca Israel, Institute for National Security Studies.

Ariko iki gitsure ntikizogera aho bizobera ngombwa Cairo kwemerera igico c’abanya-Gaza kwinjira mu Misiri canke ngo itegure ibikorwa vya gisirikare kuri Israel kw’izina ryabo.

Urubibe rwa Israel na Libani mu Buraruko narwo nyene ruracunze.

Gushika ubu hamaze kuba ibitero vy’abarwanyi ba ki-Islam ba Hezbollah bajabuka urubibe, ariko ntibirashika aho vyoba urundi rwasiro kuri Israel.

Iran, igihugu gifashe mu mugongo Hezbollah, iriko iragabisha ko ishobora kwugurura urundi rwasiro mu bice bitandukanye kuri Israel.

Ibi ni vyo vyatumye Perezida Joe Biden wa Amerika ashikiriza ijambo ryo kugabisha muri ino ndwi, aho yavuga ati: "Ku gihugu ico ari co cose, umuhari uwo ari wo wose, canke uwo ari we wese ashobora kwikika inyuma y’ibiriko biraba, ijambo ni rimwe: ntuhirahire!"

Ubwato bwikoreye indege z’intambara bwararungitswe mu buseruko bw’ikiyaga Mediterane mu gustimbataza ubu butumwa.

Iherezo ry’integuro ya Israel kuri Gaza ni irihe?

Mu gihe Hamas yokubitwa gushika aho itagishoboye kubandanya ibikorwa, ikibazo ni ukumenya icoyisubirira.

Mu 2005, Israel yavanye muri Gaza igisirikare cayo n’ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’abimukira, kandi nta mugambi yosubira kugira wo gusubirayo nk’ingabo zigiye kwigarurira akarere.

Ofir Winter abona ko impinduka mu butegetsi zishobora gucira inzira buke buke ubutegetsi bwa Palestina, Palestinian Authority (PA), bwirukanywe muri Gaza na Hamas mu 2007. PA, iyi ikaba atari umuhari w’abarwanyi, ubu igenzura ibice vy’akarere ka Cisjordanie/West Bank.

Abona kandi ko na Misiri ishobora guha ikaze umubanyi adapfa guhuruduka.

Ibikorwa remezo vya Gaza ni ngombwa ko vyubakwa uko vyari bimeze inyuma y’intambara z’imbere y’aha.

N’imbere y’aya mabi ya Hamas muri Israel hari hasanzwe amategeko ruhasha yo kubuza “ibicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa gisirikare na gisivire” kwinjira muri Israel. Israel izorondera gushiraho amategeko aremereye gusumba.

Hari ababandanya basaba ko haba akarere ataho kegamiye (buffer zone/ zone tampon) ku ruzitiro rwa Gaza kugira ngo imiryango y’abanya-Israel ishobore gukingirwa neza. Yoram Cohen yahoze arongoye igisata c’igendereza ryo hagati mu gihugu Shin Bet, abona ko akarere k’ibirometero bibiri kazoba nkenerwa kugira gasubirire agasanzwe kahari.

Uko intambarea izogenda uko ari kwo kwose, Israel izotegerezwa gukora uko ishoboye kugira ngo igitero nk’iki ntikizokwigere gisubira kuba.