Ni nde Jenerali Surovikin, intwazangabo nshasha ya Putin irongoye urugamba muri Ukraine?

Jenerali (Gen) Sergei Surovikin, azwi ku ritazirano nka Jenerali Armageddon, niyo ntwazangabo nshasha ya Perezida Vladimir Putin irongoye urugamba rwiwe muri Ukraine.

Igenwa ryiwe ryatangajwe amasaha makeya inyuma y’igitero ku kiraro ca Crimea/Crimée.

Umusi wiwe wa mbere mu bikorwa waranzwe n’igihuhusi c’ibisasu vya misire vy’Uburusiya – kimwe mu bitero bikomeye cane mu mezi atari make.

Ariko Gen Surovikin si mushasha muri ino ntambara iriko iradindira. Yararongoye ingabo ku rugamba mu bumanuko bwa Ukraine.

Ni mu gihe, hasigaye umusi umwe ngo intambara itangure, yari yafatiwe ibihano n’ibihugu vya Bulaya kubera ikibanza afise mu gisirikare hamwe n’imigenderanire afitaniye na Perezida Putin.

Ibi biboneka ko ari ubwa mbere Uburusiya bugenye ku mugaragaro intwazangabo irongora ibikorwa vyose vya gisirikare muri Ukraine – imbere y’aha, hari amakuru yavuga ko iki kibanza cari gifiswe na Jenerali Alexander Dvornikov.

Ariko none iyi ntwazangabo nshasha irongoye urugamba ni nde?

Gen Surovikin yavutse mu 1966 avukira ahitwa Novosibirsk, akaba ari inzobere mu ntambara z’Uburusiya ziheruka.

Gen Surovikin yatanguriye ibikorwa vyiwe vya gisirikare muri Afghanistani mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1980. Aha hari mu bihe “bitari vyoroshe na gato”, nk’uko bivugwa n’umwigisha wa kaminuza mu bijanye na kahise hamwe n’imico kama Peter Waldron – ico gihe Abasoviyeti bariko baratsindwa.

Prof Waldron avuga ko ibi vyamwubatse vyongera bituma uyu mu jenerali amenyekana cane kubera yagize uruhara mu “bikorwa vy’itoteza” kuva mu ntango.

Atahutse mu gihugu mu 1991, abantu batatu barishwe mu mishamirano hagati y’igisirikare n’abaharanira intwaro rusangi bari mu myiyerekano i Moscou.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’igisata ca BBC gikoresha ururimi rw’ikirusiya, abari mu myiyerekano ico gihe bazibiye inzira z’amamodokari ya gisirikare hanyuma Gen Surovikin, ari na we yari azirongoye, aca atanga itegeko ryo kubandanya urugendo.

Ibirego vyose vyarafuswe ku mvo z’uko yariko akora akurikije amategeko yahabwa.

Haciye imyaka ine, ico gihe akaba yari umunyeshure mw’ishure rya gisirikare ry’ahitwa Frunze, uyu mu jenerali yaciriwe igihano co gupfungwa ic’amaso yagiriwe n’icaha co kugurisha ibastola (pistolet) ku munyeshure bigana. Yavuze ko wari “umugambi bari bateguye” mu nyuma iki gihano kikaba cahavuye gifutwa muri dosiye yiwe.

Uyu mu jenerali yarakoreye kandi no mu ndyane zo mu myaka ya 1990 muri Tajikistan na Chechnya/Tchétchénie, hamwe kandi no muri Syria ubu bwa vuba, igihe Moscou iza gufasha reta ya Perezida Bashar al-Assad w’iki gihugu mu 2015.

Nk’umukuru w’ishami rya gisirikare rirwanira mu kirere – n’aho atari amenyereye intambara zo mu kirere - yarahagarikiye ifutwa ry’ikirere c’igisagara hafi cose ca Aleppo muri Syria.

Prof Waldron avuga ko ukwivanga kw’Uburusiya mu ndyane za Syria kwaranzwe n’ibibombe hamwe n’ibitero vy’urutavanako mu bibanza vy’abasivire. Gen Surovikin niwe yari ahagarariye ivyo vyose kandi yari “yiteguye neza gukoresha ingingo zose zikenewe”.

Hagati aho, Charles Lister, umuyobozi w’igisata ca Syria kijejwe imigambi ku kigo Middle East Institute, avuga ko Gen Surovikin ari "ruburakigongwe imbere y’umwansi” - aho afata abarwanyi n’abasivire co kimwe.

Zirongowe n’uyu mu jenerali, ingabo z’Uburusiya zagize uruhara mu gukingira ikibaba ikoreshwa ry’ubumara bwa sarin, nk’uko Lister aboviga. Bariboneye ingene bwurizwa mu ndege ya Syria iminota mike imbere y’igitero c’ubumara cihaye inkumbi mu gisagara ca Khan Sheikhoun, aho abantu barenga 80 bapfuye.

Mu 2017 Perezida Putin yambitse Gen Surovikin ikidari c’Intwari y’Uburusiya - ikidari gikuru gusumba ibindi vyose mu gihugu – kubera ivyo yakoze muri Syria, mu gihe ishirahamwe Human Rights Watch ryamushize ku rutonde rw’abashobora gukurikiranwa kw’ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu.

Mu bihe bitari bike, abasirikare bari barongowe na Gen Surovikin baragirijwe gukubagura abasivire. Muri Tchétchénie, ababibonye bavuga ko abarwanyi bakoze ibikorwa vyo “gutema batongora” , aho imihana y’abasivire yabomaguwe nayo abanyagihugu barakubitwa, nk’uko igisata ca BBC gikoresha ikirusiya kibivuga.

Gen Surovikin yariyamirije ivyo birego.

Mu myaka 30 canke irenga ivyo kwitwa "umuntu w’umugome, atoroshe kandi atawumuha nirwere” vyarabandanije, nk’uko Prof Waldron abivuga.

Ibi bibonekera haba ku rugamba canke mu buzima busanzwe.

Mu 2004, inyuma y’imyaka ibiri gusa arangije ivyigwa vy’intwazangabo kw’ishure rya gisirikare, Gen Surovikin avugwa ko yakubise umwe mu basirikare biwe kubera ivyiyumviro vyiwe vya poritike, nk’uko bivugwa n’ikigo cigisha ibijanye n’intambara. Mu nyuma uyu musirikare yahavuye afutisha urubanza.

Ikinyamakuru Kommersant cegamiye uruhande rwa reta y’Uburusiya canditse ko muri uyo mwaka nyene, Gen Surovikin yarengukishije umwe mu ba koroneri aramutuka. Haciye akanya, uyo musirikare yarirashe arapfa.

None ni kubera iki Putin yamugenye? Prof Waldron avuga ko ari icerekana neza ko ibintu bitariko bigenda neza.

Yongerako ati: "Ntushobora guhindura uwurongoye urugamba kiretse ibintu bitariko bigenda uko vyateguwe”.

"Guhindura uwurongoye urugamba hano bishobora guhindura ibintu ariko ko hari ico bishobora guhindura mu bijanye n’ubushobozi nta wubizi”.

Kuba azwi ko ari umugome bishobora kutazana akarusho ku rubuga ariko bamwe bishimiye igenwa ryiwe.

Umukuru wa Tchétchénie/Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov hamwe n’uwatanguje umurwi Wagner w’abacangero, Yevgeny Prigozhin – incuti zikomeye za Perezida Putin – baramushimagiza. Prigozhin, umurwizatunga yataziriwe Umwishikira wa Putin, avuga ko uyu mujenerali ari yo “ntwazangabo ya mbere ishoboye ibikorwa” mu gisirikare c’Uburusiya.

Prof Waldron avuga ko ibi ari vyo vyatumye Putin agena uyu muntu.

Ati: "Ni umuntu azwi cane ko ari umugome. Ubwo Putin yoba ariko agerageza gutanga ikimenyetso kuri Ukraine c’ukungene ashaka ko intambara ibandanya guhera ubu?”