Mozambique: Intambara yinjiyemo amahanga ni ukurwanya iterabwoba cyangwa abaturage barakaye?

Mu byumweru bishize, ingabo z'u Rwanda - za mbere z'igihugu cy'amahanga zagiye kurwana n'inyeshyamba muri Mozambique - zafashe ihuzanzira rikomeye ryari rifitwe n'izo nyeshyamba mu gihe kirenga umwaka, ndetse ziri hafi gufata umujyi wo ku cyambu wa Mocímboa da Praia.

Mu myaka ine izi nyeshyamba zafashe byinshi mu bice by'uturere dutanu tw'intara ya Cabo Delgado mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bwa Mozambique.

Mu kwezi kwa gatatu ubwo izi nyeshyamba zafataga Palma, umujyi wa gaze aho Total yashoye miliyari $20 mu mushinga munini wa kabiri wa gaze muri Africa, iyi kompanyi rutura y'Abafaransa yavuye ahantu hanini cyane yarimo yubaka irahunga.

Ingabo za Mozambique zibonwa ahanini nk'izamunzwe na ruswa, zatojwe nabi kandi zidafite ibikoresho bihagije, bityo ntizashoboraga guhangana n'insoresore ziyemeje urugamba.

Nubwo hari abatari babishyigikiye mu ishyaka rye, Perezida Filipe Nyusi yiyambaje ubufasha bwo hanze.

Bizwi ko imigumuko yatangijwe n'urubyiruko rudafite akazi rwamaganaga kwiyongera k'ubukene n'ubusumbane, no kutabona inyungu na nkeya mu mutungo kamere w'igihugu urimo gaze yatunganywaga hafi yabo.

Iyi ntambara yavuye ku karengane kuri rubanda - kutagira ijwi no gukoresha nabi ububasha kw'abategetsi, abapolisi n'abasirikare.

Byatangiye hagabwa igitero kuri Mocímboa da Praia mu 2017 maze bikwira henshi ubwo urubyiruko rwafataga intwaro z'abasirikare kandi rugashyigikirwa n'abaturage bamwe b'aho.

Amahuriro 'ya ntayo' na IS

Izi nyeshyamba zitwa "al-Shabab", mu rurimi rwaho bisobanuye "urubyiruko" ariko nta huriro zifitanye n'itsinda ryitwa gutyo ryo muri Somalia.

Agace karimo intambara kiganjemo Abasilamu, mu 2019 izo nyeshyamba zavuganye n'umutwe wa Islamic State (IS).

Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zabise "Isis Mozambique" ndetse bawushyira mu mitwe y'iterabwoba yo mu mahanga.

Ariko izi nyeshyamba nta butumwa bushingiye ku idini mu by'ukuri zifite ahubwo zivuga ko zirwanya leta.

Kandi ahanini baracyarwanisha intwaro n'imodoka bambuye ingabo za leta ya Mozambique.

Ikigo International Crisis Group (IGC) gitekereza ko izi nyeshyamba zifite "ihuriro hafi ya ntaryo" n'umutwe wa IS ahubwo "impamvu nyayo y'iyi ntambara ni umujinya w'abaturage".

Nta muntu uzohereza abasirikare muri Mozambique kurwana n'abaturage bashonje, ariko benshi bazashyigikira kurwanya IS.

Portugal, yahoze ihakolonije, ndetse na Amerika, basanzwe bafite yo ingabo zo gutoza iza Mozambique kurwanya inyeshyamba.

Africa y'Epfo, umuturanyi ukomeye wa Mozambique, yashatse cyane koherezayo ingabo biciye mu muryango w'ibihugu bya Africa y'Amajyepfo (SADC).

Ariko Mozambique ifitanye amateka y'urunyurane n'ibyo bihugu bitatu, bityo yifuza ko batinjira cyane mu kibazo.

Igisubizo cyari u Rwanda, igihugu gifite igisirikare cy'umwuga cyane.

Nyuma y'iminsi 10 gusa Perezida Nyusi amaze kujya guhura na mugenzi we w'u Rwanda mu biganiro mu kwezi kwa kane, itsinda ry'abasirikare b'u Rwanda ryo kujya kwiga akarere ryari rigeze muri Cabo Delgado.

Amakuru ava mu bahagarariye ibihugu avuga ko Amerika yemeje uko kohereza ingabo. U Rwanda kandi runafite umubano ukomeye na Israel yashoboraga gushyigikira ibitero byo kurwanya IS.

Nyuma y'uko ingabo z'u Rwanda zigeze mu gace k'imirwano, iza SADC nazo zaremerewe.

Muri 'weekend' ishize, amato n'indege za Africa y'Epfo byageze i Pemba hafi y'akarere k'intambara, n'imodoka z'intambara zitwaye abasirikare 1,500 ba Africa y'Epfo zihita zinjira imbere ku butaka.

Imodoka z'intambara za Botswana n'abasirikare bagera kuri 300 nabo binjiye muri Mozambique.

Ubwoba bwa ba mudahusha

U Rwanda ruvuga ko ingabo zarwo ziriyo mu gihe cyose bizaba bikenewe, kandi byitezwe ko zikora akarere karinzwe cyane kazungurutse Palma no hafi y'umushinga rutura wa gaze. Mu kwizeza Total umutekano ikagaruka mu kazi umwaka utaha.

Ingabo za Africa y'Epfo ziri muri Mozambique mu gihe cy'amezi atatu y'ibanze. Ubu hafi ingabo 3,000 zirimo n'izo mu kirere no mu nyanja zigomba gukora akazi vuba zigafata imihanda, imijyi n'icyambu cya Mocímboa da Praia.

Ariko inyeshyamba zatangiye kuva mu birindiro byazo zikagenda ziremammo amatsinda mato, nk'uko imirwano ya guerrillas kenshi ikora.

Bimwe mu bice by'imirwano ni ahantu h'ishyamba ry'inzitane haziha ubwihisho bwiza.

Akarere k'intambara kandi gafite imihanda miremire itagendwa cyane ikaba ahantu heza ku barashi badahusha (snipers).

Mu myaka irindwi ishize, RENAMO - umutwe wa politiki wari unafite abarwanyi ubu uhagarariwe mu nteko - werekanye ko ba mudahusha bashobora guteza akaduruvayo bafunga bya hato na hato umuhanda mukuru uhuza amajyepfo n'amajyaruguru.

Niba umurongo wa IS ari ukuri koko, ubwo ishobora kohereza amafaranga n'intwaro n'abarwanyi ba jihad muri iyo ntambara igakwira henshi. Iyi ntambara ntizarangira; izasubira aho yari iri mu myaka ibiri ishize.

Mu ntangiriro y'uyu mwaka, Amnesty International yashinje leta n'inyeshyamba "ibyaha by'intambara", abantu benshi bazaterwa ubwoba no kugaruka kw'ingabo za leta na polisi. Kandi inyeshyamba ni abaturage b'aho, bazwi muri rubanda rwabo.

Bafashe Palma na Mocímboa da Praia umwaka ushize babanje koherezayo abarwanyi bakajya mu ngo n'imiryango ibazi kandi ibashyigikiye muri iyo mijyi, mbere yo gutangiza imirwano bava muri rubanda.

Intambara z'imbere mu gihugu ni gacye cyane zirangizwa n'ingufu za gisirikare. Ibibazo n'umujinya wa rubanda nabyo bigomba gukemurwa.

Ibiganiro n'abantu bafashwe nyuma bakarekurwa n'izo nyeshyamba byemeza ko benshi bazirimo ari abishakira amafaranga n'iminyago, kandi bava mu mirwano baramutse bahawe akazi kabizeza ejo heza hazaza.

Imirimo ibihumbi bicyeya ishobora kurangiza iyi ntambara. Ariko ibihugu byiteguye kohereza batayo zihenze z'abasirikare bitabanje kubaza impamvu y'ikibazo - imirimo yizeza ahazaza.

Joseph Hanlon w'imyaka 80, ni umunyamakuru, umwalimu mukuru muri za kaminuza ku iterambere mpuzamahanga, no gucyemura intambara z'imbere mu gihugu. Yabaye muri Mozambique imyaka myinshi anayandikaho mu gihe kinini.