Ethiopia – Tigray: Hadutse urundi rugamba mu ntambara mu gihe hiyongera ubwoba ku itangwa ry'imfashanyo

Urugamba rumaze amezi umunani rwiciwemo abantu harwanirwa kwigarurira akarere ka Tigray mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia, muri iki cyumweru rwadukiriye akarere bihana imbibi ka Afar.

Abaturage b'abasivile batari munsi ya 20 barishwe naho abandi bagera ku 54,000 bata ingo zabo, nkuko amakuru abivuga, mu gihe hari kwiyongera ubwoba ku makuba arimo kurushaho kwegereza ajyanye n'itangwa ry'imfashanyo.

Abantu benshi bo mu karere ka Afar babwiye BBC ko inyeshyamba zo mu mutwe wa Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) zishe abaturage b'abasivile.

Ibi bashinja TPLF ntabwo byashoboye kugenzurwa mu buryo budafite aho bubogamiye.

BBC yanumvise amakuru yuko ibitero byinshi by'indege bigambiriye ibirindiro bya TPLF muri Afar byabaye mu minsi micye ishize.

TPLF irimo kurwana n'igisirikare cya leta ya Ethiopia ndetse n'inshuti zacyo muri Afar, ihana imbibi na Tigray. Umuvugizi wa Afar yavuze ko abarwanyi bo muri Tigray bafashe uturere dutatu muri Afar muri iki cyumweru.

Impirimbanyi zo muri Afar zivuga ko ibiribwa, amazi n'aho kuba (gucumbika) bicyenewe cyane muri ako karere.

Umutwe wa TPLF ni wo wari ku butegetsi mu karere ka Tigray kugeza uhiritswe na leta ya Ethiopia mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu 2020. Mu kwezi gushize, uyu mutwe wavuze ko wisubije ako karere.

Leta ya Ethiopia ivuga ko TPLF ari umutwe w'iterabwoba, ariko izi nyeshyamba zo zivuga ko ari zo leta yemeye n'amategeko itegeka Tigray.

Icyo tuzi kuri iyi mirwano

Abantu benshi bo muri Afar babwiye BBC ko abarwanyi ba TPLF bishe abaturage b'abasivile mu turere nka Yalo na Awra, ndetse bagasahura bakanatwika ingo.

Umuturage umwe uhatuye ubu wahungiye mu karere ka Yalo mu minsi ibiri ishize, yavuze ko abantu bamwe bishwe ubwo bari bari mu muhango wo gushyingura.

Videwo iri ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ishyigikira ibyo avuga. Muri iyo videwo, umuturage w'umugabo wo muri Afar, usemurwa n'uvuga ururimi rwa Amharic uri iruhande rwe, agira ati:

"Twarimo ducukura imva hamwe n'abantu bagera hafi kuri 20. Ubwo batwegeraga, nazamuye umwenda wanjye ngo mbereke ko turi abaturage b'abasivile , ariko umwe muri bo aturasaho". BBC ntabwo yashoboye kugenzura ibi avuga.

Umuvugizi wa TPLF yanditse kuri Twitter ko inyeshyamba zitarimo kurwana n'abaturage ba Afar, ko ahubwo ziri mu ntambara n'abategetsi ba Ethiopia.

Kuki Afar ishobora kugambirirwa n'inyeshyamba?

Ubu si ubwa mbere imirwano hagati ya TPLF n'ingabo za leta ya Ethiopia itegekwa na Minisitiri w'intebe Abiy Ahmed irenze akarere kamwe ijya mu kandi.

Hasanzwe hari imirwano mu karere ka Amhara. Abarwanyi bo muri aka karere, mu ntangiriro y'intambara muri Tigray bigararuriye igice cya Tigray bavuga ko n'ubundi gisanzwe ari icy'akerere kabo ka Amhara.

Ariko umutekano mucye mu karere ka Afar, watumye benshi bakurikiranira hafi ibibera muri Ethiopia bagira impungenge ko icyatangiye ari intambara ishingiye ku karere ishobora kuvamo intambara yo ku rwego rw'igihugu.

Rashid Abdi, umusesenguzi ku mutekano wo mu karere k'ihembe ry'Afurika, uba i Nairobi muri Kenya, yagize ati: "[Ibiri kuba] Bifite icyo bivuze gikomeye".

"Afar ni isangano ry'imihanda minini myinshi y'ingenzi: umwe uhuza Tigray [n'igice gisigaye cya] Ethiopia. Undi ni umuhanda munini w'ingenzi uhuza Ethiopia na Djibouti".

Ethiopia ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja ndetse 95% by'ibicuruzwa binyura muri uwo muhanda, nkuko Bwana Abdi abivuga. Ati: "Niba TPLF ifashe uyu muhora izateza ibibazo bikomeye kuri Ethiopia".

Will Davison, umusesenguzi kuri Ethiopia wo mu kigo International Crisis Group, yemera ko kubangamira ubucuruzi bishobora kuba ari yo ntego ya TPLF mu rugamba rwo muri Afar.

Ati: "Intego y'ibanze yari ugukomereza ku byo baherutse kugeraho bakarwanya ingabo za leta n'iz'akarere muri Afar Bwana Abiy yahakusanyirije ngo yongere agabe igitero kuri Tigray, ariko intego ishoboka ni uguca [ugufunga] umuhanda wa Djibouti - cyangwa nibura bakerekana ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kubikora".

"Indi mpamvu ishoboka ni uko bishoboka ko ingabo zo muri Tigray zaba zifite umuhate wo kugerageza zikavugurura uko abatanga imfashanyo bagera muri ako karere".

Gutanga imfashanyo byifashe gute?

Mu mezi macye ashize, kugeza imfashanyo muri Tigray byabayemo ingorane zikomeye, nubwo ihacyenewe byihutirwa.

Ku wa kane, urwego mpuzamahanga rugena ibyiciro by'inzara (Integrated Phase Classification, IPC), rwavuze ko abantu bagera ku 400,000 bo muri Tigray bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura ibiribwa.

IPC ivuga ko abantu miliyoni enye bo muri Tigray, Amhara na Afar bacyeneye imfashanyo yihutirwa.

Ariko ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku biribwa (PAM/WFP) ryahagaritse gutanga imfashanyo mu duce turi ku muhanda wa Afar, nyuma yuko uruhererekane rw'imodoka 10 zaryo zerekezaga muri Tigray zigabweho igitero ku cyumweru.

Icyo gitero cyabaye izo modoka zimaze kugenda kilometero 120 uvuye mu murwa mukuru Semera w'akarere ka Afar.

PAM ivuga ko andi makamyo arenga 200 arimo imfashanyo y'ibiribwa n'ibindi bya nkenerwa, ubu ari muri uwo mujyi agitegereje kuba yagenda, ariko ko itazohereza iyo mfashanyo muri Tigray kugeza ubwo izaba yizeye umutekano.

Ntibizwi uwagabye icyo gitero ku modoka za PAM, ariko Matt Bryden, umusesenguzi wo mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi Sahan Research, avuga ko bishoboka ko cyakozwe n'imitwe yo muri ako karere ishyigikiye leta ya Ethiopia.

Hagati aho, Minisitiri w'intebe wa Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed yumvikanye akoresha imvugo iteye impungenge.

Mu mpera y'icyumweru gishize, yasohoye itangazo avuga ko TPLF ari "kanseri".

Ku wa kane, abamushyigikiye babarirwa mu bihumbi za mirongo bateraniye mu murwa mukuru Addis Ababa ngo bagaragaze ko bashyigikiye ingabo z'iki gihugu - bamwe muri bo bafite ibyapa bisubiramo amagambo ya Bwana Abiy.

Bwana Bryden, wa musesenguzi, agira ati: "Keretse habaye impinduka idasanzwe vuba aha, naho ubundi Ethiopia iri mu nzira yo kunanirwa kwa leta".

"Mu myaka itanu ishize igisirikare cya Ethiopia cyari cyo gikomeye cyane mu karere. Kuba cyarananiwe kugumana Tigray bigaragaza ukuntu mu buryo bwihuse ibintu byabaye bibi kurushaho".