Imperfect tenseModal verbs in the past

The imperfect tense is used to describe a particular event in the past, which no longer has a link to the present. It’s mainly used to write reports, articles or novels.

Part ofGermanGrammar (for exams until 2025)

Modal verbs in the past

To form modal verbs in the past, it is much more common to use the imperfect tense than the perfect tense.

The modal verbs are wollen, sollen, müssen, mögen, dürfen, können.

The imperfect endings for the modal verbs follow this structure:

  • pronoun + stem + ending
  • ich + woll + t + e > ich wollte
PronounModal verb endings
ich-te
du-test
er/sie/es-te
wir-ten
ihr-tet
Sie-ten
sie-ten
Pronounich
Modal verb endings-te
Pronoundu
Modal verb endings-test
Pronouner/sie/es
Modal verb endings-te
Pronounwir
Modal verb endings-ten
Pronounihr
Modal verb endings-tet
PronounSie
Modal verb endings-ten
Pronounsie
Modal verb endings-ten

Umlauts are dropped from the stem of the modal verbs if they had one in the infinitive form, eg:

  • müssen (to have to) > er musste – (he had to)
  • können (to be able to) > sie konnten – (they could)

Examples in use

Here are some examples of the modal verbs in the imperfect tense:

  • Sie konnte ihn nicht sehen. – She couldn't see him.
  • Du durftest keine Anrufe beantworten. – You weren't allowed to answer any calls.
  • Wir sollten stehen bleiben. – We should stand still.
  • Ich wollte sein Handy benutzen. – I wanted to use his mobile phone.
  • Als ich klein war, wollte ich Astronaut sein. – When I was little, I wanted to be an astronaut.