History of di Israel and Palestine fight

Di conflict between Israel and Palestine pipo na di longest and most violent fight for world, wey pass more dan 100 years.

Plenty wars don occur between Israel and Arab kontris. Resistance - wey dem call intifadas - against Israel occupation, and revenge plus crackdowns by Israel don also happun.

Di consequences of dis historic fight over issues including land, borders and rights still dey ground, and dis include di latest fight between Israel and Hamas for Gaza.

Wetin be Israel bifor 1948 and how dem create am?

Britain take control of di area wey dem sabi as Palestine for World War One, afta di defeat of di Ottoman Empire, wey bin rule dat part of di Middle East.

Arab majority and Jewish minority bin live dia, as well as oda ethnic groups.

Tensions between di Jews and Arab enta anoda level afta UK agree in principle to establish "national home" for Palestine for Jewish pipo.

Jews history get link to di land, but Palestine Arabs also get claim to di land for as far back as hundreds of years and oppose di move.

For 1917, British Foreign Secretary, Authur Balfour, write one letter wey dem later sabi as di Balfour Declaration, wey express British goment support for Jews to get dia homeland for Palestine.

More dan one hundred years later, di world still dey feel di effects of di Balfour Declaration.

British say di rights of Palestinian Arabs wey already dey livie dia must dey protected.

Between di 1920s and 1940s di number of Jews wey land Palestine grow, as many bin run from persecution in Europe.

Di six million Jews wey die for Holocaust follow make di demand for safe haven urgent.

By 1947, di Jewish population don reach 630,000, just over 30% of di population for Palestine.

For 1947, inside growing violence between Jews and Arabs - and against British rule - United Nations (UN) vote make dem split Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. Jerusalem fo become international city.

No Arab kontri support dis. Dem argue say, di plan give Jews more of di land, even though dia population dey smaller.

Britain abstain. E decide to withdraw and to hand di palava over to UN afta 14 May 1948.

Jewish leaders for Palestine declare independent kontri wey dem call Israel hours before British rule end.

United Nations recognise Israel di following year.

Wetin be di 1948 Arab-Israeli war?

Di day afta Israel declare independence, Armies from five Arab kontris attack and surround am.

Di come di conflict for Israel as im war of independence.

By di time di fighting end wit armistice or agreement to stop fighting for sometime for 1949, Israel dey already control most of di territory.

Based on agreements Egypt bin occupy Gaza Strip, Jordan occupy West Bank and East Jerusalem, and Israel occupy West Jerusalem.

About 750,000 Palestinians run comot, or dem force dem from dia homes on land wey become Israel and dem end up as refugees for di hoemeland.

For Arabic dem sabi dis event as di Nakba (Catastrophe).

For di following years, hundreds of thousands of Jews leave, or dem expel dem from Muslim majority kontris across di Middle East and North Africa. Many go Israel.

Wetin be di 1967 Middle East war?

Wetin dem sabi as di Six-Day War na im change boundaries for Middle East and e bin get major consequences for Palestinians.

For di Six-Day war Israel fight Egypt, Syria and Jordan.

E start wen Israel bin dey fear say Egypt and Syria fit attack am, na im e launch one strike on Egypt air force.

By di time di fighting end, Israel don capture Sinai Peninsula and Gaza from Egypt, most of di Golan Heights from Syria, and East Jerusalem and West Bank from Jordan.

About one million Palestinians for West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem end up under Israel control.

Israel occupation of dis areas don last until today.

Israel sign one peace treaty wit Egypt for 1979, come return Sinai.

E annex East Jerusalem and Golan Heights, come make dem part of Israel, although most of di international community no recognise am.

Wetin be di status of West Bank now?

Di West Bank - land wey dey between Israel and River Jordan - na home to about three million Palestinians.

Along wit East Jerusalem and Gaza, e be part of wetin we sabi today as di Occupied Palestinian Territories.

Palestine pipo don always dey against Israel presence for these areas and want want make dem be part of di future independent state, something wey majority of di international community dey support.

Israel still get overall control of West Bank, but since di 1990s, one Palestinian goment - wey dem sabi as di Palestinian Authority - dey run most of di town and cities.

E get about 150 Israeli settlements, house to about 700,000 Jews, for West Bank and East Jerusalem.

Palestinians want make dem remove all Israeli settlements and dem consider dem illegal under international law.

However, Israel goment say no be so. E say di biggest settlements dey permanent to say di very least and say all settlements na base on im right according to history.

E no recognise di right of Palestinians to get dia own state and argue say West Bank na part of Israeli homeland.

Israel goment bin announce plan to expand settlements after dem come to power for 2022.

E say di creation of Palestine state go be threat to Israeli security. Although e no clear how.

For July 2024, di top UN court, International Court of Justice (ICJ), say Israel continued presence for di Occupied Palestinian Territories dey illegal. E say make Israel carry all im setttlers comot from dia nad say e dey against international agreements on racism and apartheid.

Wetin be di disagreement over Jerusalem?

Israel and Palestine dey both claim Jerusalem as dia capital.

Israel, wey dey already controlled West Jerusalem, occupy East Jerusalem for1967 war and later declare di whole city im permanent capital.

E say dem no fit divide Jerusalem.

Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as capital of di future Palestine state.

Most of di population of East Jerusalem na Palestinian, na only one small minority choose to become Israeli citizens.

Holy sites for Jerusalem dey for di centre of di Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Di most sacred site - wey Muslims sabi as Al Aqsa Mosque compound, or Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary), and to Jews as Temple Mount - dey in di East Jerusalem.

Di UN and most international opinion consider East Jerusalem to be Palestinian land wey Israel occupy.

Wetin bin happun for Gaza Strip?

Gaza Strip ba stretch of land surrounded by Israel, Egypt and di Mediterranean Sea. Na 41km (25 miles) long and 10km wide.

Home to about 2.3 million pipo, na one of di most densely populated places on Earth.

Even before di latest war between Israel and Hamas, Gaza get one of di highest rate of unemployment for world.

Many pipo dey live below di poverty line and dem dey depend on food aid to survive.

Dem draw Gaza boundaries as a result of di 1948 Middle East war, wen Egyot bin occupy am.

Israel drive Egypt out of Gaza for di 1967 war and now na dem dey occupy di Strip wia dem build settlements plus put Gaza pipo under military rule.

For 2005, Israel all by imsef withdraw im troop plus settlers from Gaza, though e bin still hold im own shar of di border, airspace and waterline, dis give am beta control of di movement of di pipo and goods.

UN still see Gaza as Israeli-occupied territory sake of di kain control wey Israel get.

Hamas win Palestine elections for 2006, come pursue im rivals comot from di territory afta heavy fighting di following year.

Israel and Egypt impose blockade in response, wit Israel controlling most of wetin dem allow into di territory.

For di following years, Hamas and Israel fight several major conflicts - including di ones for 2008-09, 2012 and 2014.

One major conflict between di two sides for May 2021 end for one ceasefire afta 11 days.

Every round of fighting don see pipo die for both sides, majority of dem Palestinians for Gaza.

On 7 October 2023, Hamas fighters launch one assault from Gaza, kill about 1,200 pipo for Israel and take more dan 250 hostages.

Dis one cause very heavy Israeli military offensive inside Gaza.

More dan 46,700 pipo na im dem kill, majority of dem na women and children, according to Hamas health ministry.

Days bifor Israel mark one year since di 7 October attacks, UN humanitarian agencies sign one declaration demanding make Israel end di "terrible human suffering and humanitarian catastrophe for Gaza".

On 15 January 2025, afta 15 months of war, Israel and Hamas agree to one deal wey go press pause for di war inside Gaza, US and mediators Qatar say.

Dis is suppose include plans to release Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners.

Which kontris recognise Palestinian state?

For May 2024, 143 out of 193 members of United Nations General Assembly vote in favour of Palestine bid for full UN membership, something wey only states fit be part of.

Di State of Palestine as dem sabi am for UN, get official status of "Permanent Observer State", wey give am seat but not power to vote.

Some European kontris, along wit US, no gree recognise Palestine state and dem say dem go only do so as part of long-term political solution to di conflict for di Middle East.

For UK, MPs bin vote in favour of recognition for 2014, but goment neva do so.

For 2021, di den Conservative goment say: "Di UK go recognise Palestine state at time wey we choose, and wen e best serve di objective of peace."

Israel say dem get right according to history, to di West Bank and dem oppose independent Palestine state, saying e go cause unacceptable threat.

What about Palestinian refugees?

E get about 5.9 million Palestinians wey UN register as refugees.

Dem be descendants of di Palestinians wey bin run or wey dem bin force comot for dia home for land wey Israel colobi as dia own for di 1948-49 Middle East war.

Most fo dem dey live for Jordan, di Gaza Strip, di West Bank, Syria and Lebanon.

Palestinians insist on di right of refugees to return but Israel don refuse.

E even criticises UN Palestinian refugee agency, Unrwa, for allowing generation afta generation to inherit refugee status.

Wetin be di two-state solution?

Di "two-state solution" one one internationally backed formula for peace between Israel and Palestine.

E dey propose independent Palestine state for West Bank and Gaza, wit East Jerusalem as im capital. E go exist side by side wit Israel.

Israel reject two-state solution. Dem say any final settlement must be result of negotiations wit Palestinians, and statehood no go be precondition.

Di Palestinian Authority dey support two-state solution but Hamas no gree, becos e oppose existence of Israel.

Hamas say dem fit accept temporary Palestine state based on 1967 de facto borders, without officially recognising Israel, if dem give refugees di right to return.

Earlier efforts to settle di conflict make Israel and Palestine leaders sign one deal wey dem bin call Oslo Peace Accords, for 1993.

Di plan na for di Oslo Accord to provide structure for peace talks.

But, di tok tok eventually collapse wit each side blaming di oda.