Ranar yaki da shan taba: Abin da ya sa dole masu zama da mashaya sigari su damu da lafiyarsu

Ba na iya numfashi ta hanci. Ina numfashi ne ta hanyar makogaro a wuya," in ji Kaka Nalini Satyanarayan mai shekara 75.

Nalini ba ta shan taba, amma tsawon shekarunta 33 na aure, tana rayuwa ne a tare da mai shan taba. An tabbatar da tana da cutar kansa a 2010, shekaru biyar bayan mutuwar mijinta.

"Mijina babban mai shan taba ne. Ban taba tunanin zai min illa ba ko zai yi muni ba. Na damu da lafiyarsa kuma na fada masa ya daina shan taba, amma ban yi tunanin wannan ya sauya shi ba," kamar yadda Balini wadda ke zaune a Hyderabad kudancin Indiya ta shaida wa BBC.

Hukumar Lafiya ta duniya ta ce taba na kashe mutum miliyan takwas duk shekara, Daga cikinsu mutum miliyan 1.2 ke fuskantar barazanar daga masu shan taba.

Yawancinsu suna fama da cuttutuka da ke barazana ga rayuwa. A ranar yaƙi da shan taba ta duniya (31 ga Mayu) mun diba girman illar da taba ke yi wa waɗanda ba su shan taba kamar Nalini.

Murya ta dusashe

Nalini tana ba jikanyarta ta farko Janani labarai lokacin da ta fahimci ta muryanta ta dusashe. Cikin lokaci kankani, ta kasa magana sosai kuma har sai da kyar take numfashi.

An tabbatar da ciwon da take fama da shi cutar kansa ce. An yi mata aiki.

"Har ta kai na kasa yin magana. Likita ya faɗa min ba zan iya dawo da asalin muryata ba."

'Akwai bututu a ko ina'

Janani - da ke da shekara 15 - ta tuna abin da ya faru da iya "kakata mai yawan magana ce."

"Lokacin da aka kwantar da ita asibiti ta daɗe ba ta gida."

"Lokacin da ta dawo, ina ƴar shekara huɗu. Akwai bututu a cikinta... akwai a ko ina. Sai mun dinga goge gida a ko da yaushe kuma akwai ma'aikaciyar jinya da ke zama da mu.

Kansar huhu

Nalini ta samu kulawar lafiya sosai kuma ta fara magana.

Ta san dalilin matsalarta.

"Na kamu da cutar kansa saboda mijina," in ji Nalini.

"Masu shan taba na zuƙar hayaki mai guba amma kuma waɗana ke kusa ke shaka."

Mutuwar yara

Hukumar lafiya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ƙiyasta cewa haƙar hayakin masu shan taba na haifar da kisan yara 65,000 duk shekara.

Yaran da kuma ake shan taba kusa da su sun fi fuskantar barazanar ciwon kunne, wanda ke iya haifar da rashin ji.

"Yara na da kusan kashi 50 zuwa 100 na kamuwa da cutuka da suka shafi numfashi, haka ma barazanar ciwon Asma, in ji Ciobanu.

Haramta shan taba

Hukumar Lafiya ta duniya ta ce akwai taimako tsakanin masu shan taba da kuma waɗanda ake shan taba kusa da su. Ciobanu ya ce "Muhallin da ba a shan taba, shi ne mafi inganci ga lafiyar waɗanda ba su shan taba."

"Kada ka yarda wani ya sha taba a kusa da kai ko yara," in ji Ciobanu.

Amma, hana shan taba ba abu ba ne mai sauki. Alkalumman cibiyar bncike ta Grand View Research ta ƙiyasta cewa darajarmasana'antar ta kai dala biliyan 850 a 850.

Wanda wannan ya lunka tattalin arzikin Najeriya mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka. Bankin Duniya ya ƙiyasta cewa darajar tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya kai dala biliyan 430 a 2020.

Cibiyar bincike ta Grand View ta ce "ƙaruwar buƙatar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa na masu shan taba a yankunn Asia da Afirka."

Don kare muradun kasuwancinsu manyan kamfanonin taba suna yaki da dokokin kiwon lafiya kuma a wasu lokuta suna samun nasarar jinkirta dakatar da shan taba.

Gwagwarmayar da aka daɗe ana yi

Ainuru Altybaeva na daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin Kyrgyzstan da suka hada karfi da karfe wajen zartar da kudirin dokar hana shan taba a wuraren jama'a a shekarar 2018.

Ta ce taba sigari na janyo mutuwar mutane 6,000 duk shekara a kasar kuma hana shan taba na iya rage shan taba da kashi goma cikin dari.

Amma, ta fuskanci babban koma baya.

"Saboda yadda wasu 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar da da alaka da masana'antun taba sigari, an aika da kudirin ga wani kwamitin da aka zaba, wanda aka yi niyyar jinkirta dokar. Jami'an ma'aikatar tattalin arziki sun kuma nuna damuwa game da rage kudaden haraji," in ji shi. Altybaeva.

"Wasu mutane sun shiga shafukan sada zumunta suna suka ta ni da iyalina."

Ta yi yaki sosai kuma a 2021 dokar haramta shan taba sigari a bainar jama'a ta fara aiki. Sai dai aikin Altybaeva bai ida kammala ba. Tana gangami na faɗakarwa kuma tana neman goyon baya na yaki da shan taba ga al'umma.

"Wani bincike da aka gudanar a 2013 yawan maza masu shan taba na raguwa, amma mata masu shan taba na karuwa."

Tsaikun samun ci gaba

Ƙoƙarin duniya don taimakawa rage yawan mutuwar mutane sakamakon shan taba ya yi tasiri a Yarjejeniyar rage yawan shan taba ta 2005.

Zuwa yanzu, kasashe 182 ne suka sanya hannu. Kungiyoyi masu fafutika sun ce akwai bukatar kasashe su ƙara azama na cimma muradun yarjejeniyar ba wai haramta shan taba sigari a bainar jama'a ba kawai.

"Manufar ita ce mutunta 'yancin jama'a na samun tsabtaccen iska," in ji Dokta Mary Assunta, da ke Sydney. Ita ce ke jagorantar bincike da bayar da shawarwari na wata kungiyar sa-kai, da ke yaki da hana shan taba sigari.

"Don tabbatar da [tasirin haramcin] akan rage yawan mace-mace, dole ne wannan manufar ta kasance wani ɓangare na ingantattun manufofin takaita shan taba sigari - da suka hada da saka haraji mai yawa, da gargadi a kwalayen taba, hana tallace-tallacen taba da haɓakawa, da wayar da kan jama'a."

Duk da cewa adadin masu shan taba a duniya yana raguwa sannu a hankali, har yanzu ya kai biliyan 1.3. Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ce daya daga cikin sigari 10 da ake ta fito ne daga haramtacciyar sigari, da aka saba ka'ida.

Assunta na kira ga hukumomi su ƙara ɗaukar matakai. Ta gano a lokuta da dama inda ake tallata taba sigari a manhaja da na wasan yara.

"Mugunta ne ace masana'anta na sayar da kayan da ke kashe rabin masu saya wanda kuma ke sanadin mutuwar waɗanda ba su sha. Ya kamata a tilasta wa kamfanonin taba biyan diyya ga barnar da suke haifarwa," in ji Assunta.

'Ban ga laifin miji na ba'

'Ba na tuhumar mijina'

A Hyderabad, Nalini ba ta tunanin ɗaukar matakin shari'a. Ta ci gaba da numfashi ta makogaronta. Kuma abinci marar nauyi kawai take iya ci.

Amma ta koyi yin rayuwa mai sauki. Tana kiran kanta a matsayin wadda ta yi nasara kan cutar kansa.

Tana ɗaukar lokaci wajen taimakawa jikokinta. Janani, da ke burin zama likitan dabbobi tana zuwa domin ɗaukar karatun kimiya a wajenta.

"Ina alfahari da ita, tana karfafa min guiwa, in ji Janani.

Nalini tana zuwa makaranta da Jami'oi da wuraren taron jama'a tana faɗa masu hatsarin shan taba sigari.

Duk da rasa muryarta da wahalar da ta shiga, amma Nalini ba ta ɗora laifin kan mijinta ba

"Ban taba jin bacin rai ga miji na ba. Ba wani dalilin yin kuka da haka. Ba zai magance matsalolina ba. Na karbi kaddara, kuma ban taba jin kunyar fadar matsalolin ciwo na ba."