Me ya sa sojojin Najeriya ke yawan kai hari kan fararen hula 'bisa kuskure'?

A cikin wata uku da suka gabata, sau uku aka samu munanan hare-haren sama na sojojin Najeriya suka faa kan fararen hula, lamarin da ya kashe fararen hula 30.

A watan Disamban 2024, wani harin jirgin sama ya kashe fararen hula 10 a jihar Sokoto, wanda gwamnan jihar ya bayyana a matsayin harin kuskure kan fararen hula.

Sai kuma a watan Janirun 2025, inda wani harin sojojin sama ya kashe aƙalla mutum 16, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƴan sa-kai da manoma a ƙauyen Tungar Kara da ke jihar Zamfara ta arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, bayan sojojin sun yi zaton ƴan fashin daji ne.

A watan Fabarairun 2025 kuma wani jirgin yaƙin sojojin Najeriya ya kai harin kuskure inda ya kashe aƙalla mutum shida a wani ƙauye na jihar Katsina, lokacin da sojojin ke ƙoƙarin kai farmaki kan ƴan fashin daji.

A tsawon shekara 10 na rashin tsaro a arewacin Najeriya, rundunar sojin ƙasar ta kashe fararen hula da dama a ƙoƙarinsu na kai farmaki kan masu aikata laifi.

Kuma yawancin waɗanda aka kashen al'umma ne mazauna yankunan karkara.

Haka nan irin waɗannan hare-hare sun haifar da kisan ɗaruruwan ƴan sa-kai da manoma.

Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ke samun goyon bayan Amurka da Birtaniya da wasu ƙasashen yamma, ta riƙa amfani da hare-hare ta sama a yunƙurin kawar da matsalar ƴan fashin daji a arewa maso yammaci da arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya masu fuskantar barazanar ƴan bindiga waɗanda ke kai hare-hare a ƙauyuka suna yin garkuwa da mutane domin karɓar kuɗin fansa.

Irin waɗannan hare-haren kuskure na cutar da fararen hula da kuma rage goyon bayan da al'umma ke nuna wa sojoji.

Rundunar Sojin Sama ta Najeriya ta kai hare-haren kuskure guda 17 tsakanin watan Janairun 2017 da watan Satumban 2024, lamarin da ya haifar da kashe sama da mutum 500, kamar yadda kamfanin tattara bayanai kan tsaro na SBM intelligence ya bayyana.

To amma me ya sa sojojin na Najeriya suke ta kashe fararen hula da sauran waɗanda ba su ɗauke da makami a irin waɗannan hare-haren sama na kuskure?

Wasu na ɗora laifin ne kan rashin tattara sahihan bayanan sirri. Bayan wani jirgin soji maras matuƙi ya yi kuskuren jefa bam na farko kan ƙauyen Tudun Biri a jihar Kaduna, shekara ɗaya da ta gabata, mazauna ƙauyen sun shaida wa BBC cewa sun sanar da sojojin cewa an jefa bam kan waɗanda ba su kamata ba, sai ga shi an ƙara jefa bam na biyu, lamarin da ya ƙara yawan waɗanda suka mutu zuwa 85.

Haka nan kuma amfani da jirage marasa matuƙi wajen yaƙi, sabon abu ne a Afirka.

Abin da a baya ya kasance ya kaɗaita ga manyan ƙasashen duniya, yanzu ya zo ga ƙasashen Afirka har ma da ƙungiyoyin ƴan bindiga.

China ta yi wa kowace ƙasa zarra wajen fitar da irin waɗannan jirage zuwa kasuwannin duniya, in ji Paul Scharre, darakta a cibiyar sabbin dabarun tsaro a Amurka.

Wasu ƙasashe masu matsakaicin ƙarfi kamar Iran da Turkiyya na da irin wannan fasaha ta ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa kuma sana sayar da fasahar ga wasu ƙasashen.

Rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta sayi "nau'i daban-daban" na irin waɗannan jirage(UAV), ciki har da waɗanda aka ƙera a China, kamar yadda editan Defense Web, Guy Martin ya shaida wa BBC.

Kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin uku na ƙasashen Afirka a yanzu sun mallaki jiragen yaƙi marasa matuƙa, waɗanda yawanci suka saya daga ƙasashen Turkiyya ko China. To sai dai ana amfani da jiragen cikin sauri ba tare da an samar da horon da ya dace ba.

Jirage marasa matuƙa na ƙasashen China da Rasha da Turkiyya da kuma Iran sun fi arha da sauƙin samu kuma ba a gindaya sharuɗɗa wurin amfani da su, ba kamar na ƙasashen Yammacin duniya ba.

Wasu gwamnatocin ƙasashen Afirka na kauce wa dogon bincike domin samun masu sauƙin samuwa.

Shi ya sa koda an samu hare-haren kuskure, babu wani bincike ko tuhuma ta kirki da ake yi.

Wata mai bincike ta ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch a Najeriya, Anieteie Ewang ta ce ba yawaitar jiragen ba ne matsala, rashin ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa jiragen ne matsala.

Ta ce ya kamata ƙawayen Najeriya a harkar tsaro, kamar Amurka da Birtaniya da Faransa su tabbatar abokiyar hulɗarsu Najeriya "ta zama mai kare hakkin bil'adama" wajen amfani da makaman.

Attah Jesse Olottah, wani masani kan tsaro shi ma ya yarda da hakan.

"Yayin da wadatuwar jirage marasa matuƙi ya sanya kai hare-hare ta sama ya yi sauƙi, babbar matsalar ita ce rashin isassun bayanan sirri, da hango wuraren kai hari," in ji shi. "Saboda haka samun jiragen ba ita ce matsala ba, matsalar ita ce rashin kiyaye ƙa'idoji, da rashin saiti da kuma ƙin martaba ƙa'dojin ƙasa da ƙasa."

Bai kamata a ce sai an sanya wa Najeriya ƙa'idoji da yawa ba, amma ya kamata ƙasar ta zamo abin koyi a matsayinta ta jagora a yankin.

Ya ce ba a koda yaushe ne takunkumi da matsi suke yin aiki ba, saboda haka "ya kamata ƙasashen waje su mayar da hankali ne wajen bayar da horo da tallafi, bisa ga darussan da aka samu daga yaƙe-yaƙen baya."

A ɓangare ɗaya kuma, babu wani hukunci da aka yi wa jami'an da aka samu da sakaci a irin waɗannan hare-haren kuskure a baya - har sai lokacin harin Tudunbiri

Batun ladabtarwa, wanda ba kasafai ake yi ba, na faruwa sai dai ba a cika bayyanawa ga al’umma ba, watakila domin gudun kada a rage wa dakarun kargin gwiwa, in ji Mista Olottan. Sau da dama idan an kammala bincike akan gudanar da sauye-sauye ne maimakon a yi hukunci, kamar yadda ya bayyana.

Mai magana da yawun soji Najeriya, Manjo-Janar Edward Buba ya kuma ce kotun soji ta yanke wa wasu jami’ai biyu da aka kama da laifi hukunci, sannan kafin haka ma an sauya musu wurin aiki.

“Duk da wani lokaci alamu na nuna cewa sojojin da gaske suke yi wajen tabbatar da adalci, al’adar rashin zartar da hukunci a bangaren sojin ta sanya ana rutsawa da fararen hula yayin da ake kan yaki da yan fashi daji, in ji Ms Ewang.

A wurare kamar Tudunbiri, mazauna kauyen na ci gaba da kokarin ganin an yi adalci yayin da babu batun bitan diyya, sannan kuma an kyale su su kadai, bayan alkwarin da aka yi musu da farko na tabbatar da ganin cewa an kwantar musu da hankali.

”Ya kamata mu tabbatar cewa an kula da wadanda lamarin ya rutsa da su yadda ya kamata. Kuma a tabbatar an biya su diyya yadda ya kamata,” in ji Mis Ewang.

Dama can sojojin Najeriya na samun mummunar shaida kan tafka kuskure a lokacin aiki, musamman a yankunan da ale fama da rikici kamar arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma, in ji Mista Olottan.

Manjo-Janar Buba ya ce duk da cewa sojojin Najeriyar na yaki ne a ciki mawuyacin hali, “mun samu ci gaba a bangaren sarrafa makamanmu da kuma harba su ta hanyar kwamandoji da suka kware.”

Sai dai baya ga wannan, Mista Olottan ya ce akwai bukatar a rungumi tsarin tattara bayanan sirri mai kyau da kuma horo mai kyau domin rage irin wannan kuskure.