Me ya sa shugabannin Afirka ke ɓoye gaskiya game da lafiyarsu?

Jita-jita kan rashin lafiyar shugabannin Afirka biyu a cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, ya haifar da martani daban-daban tare da yadda ake ɗaukar lafiyar shugabanni a matsayin wani gaggarumin sirrin ƙasa.

An fara ne da shugaban Kamaru Paul Biya, mai shekara 91, wanda ministocinsa suka musanta cewa ba shi da lafiya, inda suka yi iƙirarin cewa cikin “cikakken ƙoshin lafiya”. Haka kuma aka haramta wa kafafen yada labarai a Kamaru bayar da rahoto kan halin da yake ciki.

Bayan haka, fadar gwamnatin Malawi ta yi watsi da jita-jitar da aka yaɗa cewa shugaban ƙasar, Lazarus Chakwera ba shi da lafiya, inda fadar shugaban ƙasar ta wallafa wani bidiyon shugaban yana gudu tare da atisa a Lilongwe, babban birnin ƙasar.

"Dole sai ka nuna jajircewa, idan kana son mamaye harkokin siyasa - ba za ka nuna rauni ko gajiyawa ba," in ji Farfesa Miles Tendi na jami'ar Oxford, masanin harkokin siyasar Afirka, a tsokacinsa kan ɗabi'ar sirrinta rashin lafiyar shugabannin Afirka.

Shugabannin biyu, Chakwera da Biya sun yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don fatali da jita-jitar rashin lafiyar ta su, amma suna da manufa iri ɗaya, wato ɓoyewa da sirranta ƙarfin jinyar da ke damunsu.

Amma watakila babban dalilin shi ne, hana 'yan adawa da masu sukarsu sanin haƙiƙanin halin da suek ciki.

Farfesa Tendi ya ce siyasa "abu ne jajircewa" da ake buƙata don ci gaba da mulki.

Ya ƙara da cewa kasancewa yanayin yadda siyasa ke buƙatar juriya ya sa mata ke shan matuƙar wahala wajen samun nasara a cikinta.

A halin yanzu mace ɗaya ce kawai shugabar ƙasa a Afirka, Samia Suluhu Hassan ta Tanzaniya, kuma ta karɓi mulkin lokacin tana mataimakiyar shugaba bayan rasuwar shugaban ƙasar wanda namiji ne.

Ana kallon shugabannin siyasa, a Afirka da wasu yankunan, a matsayin jarumai masu juriya.

Don haka, musamman lokacin da shugaban ya tsufa, lafiyarsu ta zama wani lamari mai matuƙar mahimmanci ga ƙasa, kamar yadda muka gani a zaɓen Amurka a wannan shekara.

Farfesa Adekeye Adebajo na Jami'ar Johannesburg ya ce shugabanni a nahiyar "suna da ra'ayin cewa lafiyarsu na da alaƙa da lafiyar ƙasashensu", don haka ana ɗaukar abin da ke damun shugaban ƙasa a matsayin wani sirri na ƙasa.

Idan wani abu ya same su, zai iya shafar tattalin arziki, kasuwanni da kuma sauya yanayin siyasa, kamar yadda wani masani kan harkokin tsaro a Zimbabwe ya shaida wa BBC, kuma hakan ne ya sa ake yin taka tsantsan.

A ƙasashen da harkokin siyasa ke da rauni, hanyoyin da za a bi don sauya shugabanni ba su da inganci sosai, wanda ke haifar da fargabar cewa duk wani giɓin shugabanci na iya haifar da gwagwarmayar neman mulki.

Sama da shekara 20 da suka gabata, wani mai tsaron lafiyar shugaban Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kongo Laurent-Désiré Kabila, ya kashe shi.

To amma sai hukumomin ƙasar suka ƙi amincewa da kisan nasa, inda suka ce an kai shi asibitin Zimbabwe don duba lafiyarsa, yayin da suke yi ƙoƙarin abin da za su yi.

A ƙarshe an zaɓi ɗansa Yusufu wanda bai ƙware ba a matsayin shugaban ƙasar.

Haka ma a Malawi, gwamnati ta jinkirta sanar da mutuwar shugaba Binguwa Mutharika a shekara ta 2012, abin da ya haifar da zargin ƙoƙarin hana shugabar gwamnatinsa Joyce Banda ta gaje shi.

To amma a makwabciyarta Zambiya, inda shugabanni biyu suka mutu a kan karagar mulki, da kuma Ghana, inda shugaba John Atta Mills ya rasu a shekarar 2012, an yi aiki da tsarin mulkin ƙasashen yadda ya kamata.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, shugabannin Afirka daban-daban sun fuskanci tambayoyi game da rashin lafiyarsu.

A shekara ta 2010, tsohon shugaban Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe ya soki jita-jitar da aka shafe tsawon shekaru ana yi kan rashin lafiyar da cewa "tsagoron ƙarya ce da kafafen yada labarai na yammacin duniya suka shirya."

Shekara uku da suka gabata, sanarwar mutuwar shugaban Tanzaniya John Magufuli ta zo ne bayan shafe makonni ana musanta rashin lafiyarsa. Har ma hukumomin ƙasar sun riƙa kama mutane saboda yaɗa bayanan ƙarya game da lafiyarsa, kawai don su tabbatar da iƙirarinsu na cewa yana cikin ƙoshin lafiya.

Daya daga cikin batutuwan ɓoye rashin lafiyar shugaba da aka fuskanta a Afirka, shi ne na Najeriya, lokacin mulkin tsohon shugaban ƙasar, Umaru 'Yar'aduwa wanda aka kwashe kimanin wata biyar a a ganshi a bainar jama'a ba.

A watan Janairun 2010 ne ofishinsa ya ce yana samun kulawar likitoci, kuma yana ''samun sauƙi'', amma aka riƙa samun rahotanni da dama da ke cewa yana cikin ''mawuyacin hali''

‘Yar’aduwa bai sake fitowa bainar jama’a ba, har zuwa lokacin da aka sanar da labarin mutuwarsa a watan Mayun wannan shekarar.

"Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mutanen na son dawwama kan mulki har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsu," in ji Farfesa Tendi.

Yawancin shugabanni, har ma a wasu wuraren da ba Afirka ba, ba sa tunanin 'yan mutanen da suke mulka na da 'yancin sanin lafiyarsu, wadda suke ɗauka a matsayin wani ƙololuwar sirri.

Sai dai ba a taru aka zama ɗaya ba

Bayan jinyar makonni bakwai a hukumance a shekarar 2017, Shugaba Buhari na Najeriya ya bayyana wa al'ummarsa cewa bai taɓa rashin lafiya ''kamar haka ba'' a rayuwarsa, kodayake bai faɗi abin da ke damun sa ba.

An tabbatar da cewa tsohon shugaban Kamaru, Ahmadou Ahidjo ne kaɗai shugaban Afrika da ya yi murabus saboda rashin lafiya, a shekarar 1982, bayan ya shafe shekara 22 yana mulki.

Irin wannan nuna gaskiya da haƙura da mulki ba kasafai ba ake samun irinsa a Afrika ba.

Fiye da shugabannin Afirka 20 ne suka mutu a kan karagar mulki, wasu ba tare da shaida wa 'yan ƙasarsu batun rashin lafiyarsu ba.

Sai dai wanda ya gaji Ahidjo, Paul Biya bai ɗauki irin salon Ahidjo ba.

Shugabanni na iya fargabar cewa bayyana al'amuran lafiyarsu na iya karfafa wa abokan hamayyarsu gwiwa ko ma ƙasashen waje da ke neman yin tasiri ko hargitsa ƙasar.

Inda a baya aka sha hambarar da wasu shugabannin ƙasashen bayan yada labarin rashin lafiyarsu.

A shekarar 1996, kowa ya samu labarin cewa an kwantar da shugaban Zaire da a yanzu aka sani da DR Kongo, Mobutu Sese Seko, a asibiti sakamakon cutar daji.

Hakan ne kuma ya sa cikin sauƙi Laurent Kabila ya jagoranci tawagar 'yan tawayen ƙasar da ke samun goyon bayan gwamnatin Rwanda wajen ƙwace mulkin ƙasar.

A lokacin juyin mulkin, Mobutu ba shi da ƙoshin lafiya da zai iya wata turjiya, don haka ne ya tafi zaman gudun hijira zuwa Maroko, ya bar wa Kabila mulkin ƙasar.

"Idan kuyna bayyana rauninku, to abokan hamayyarku za su yi amfani da damar wajen tumɓuke ku," in ji Farfesa Tendi.

Sai dai wani manomi kuma malamin makaranta a Najeriya, Abeku Adams, mai shekara 41, wanda ya shaidi mutuwar shugabannin ƙasar biyu, ya ce sirrinta rashin lafiyar shugabnni ta zama ''al'ada a Afirka".

“Sirrinta rashin lafiyar mutum wani abu ne da ake ganin kamar wani ɓangare na tsarin warkarwa a yawancin al'adun Afirka. Wannan na iya zama tushen dalilin da ya sa suke ɓoyewa ko karya game da lafiyarsu,” inji shi.

Yayin da ’yan ƙasa ke da haƙƙin ɓoye bayanan lafiyarsu, ana tababa shugabannin siyasa ba su da wannan damar, saboda lafiyarsu na iya yin tasiri ga ƙasar baki ɗaya.

Yayin da yawancin ƙasashen Afirka ke da tsarin sauyin shugabanci, ana ƙara kiraye-kirayen nuna gaskiya game da batun lafiyar shugabanninsu, musamman daga yawan matasa a nahiyar.

"Yan ƙasa kan bi gwamnatocinsu bashin irin waɗanna bayanan," in ji Mista Adams.

Ya ƙara da cewa saboda ’yan ƙasa na biyan haraji, ya kamata a ce suna da masaniya game da lafiyar shugabanninsu.

Watakila tsarin siyasar Malawi mai cike da zafi, da kuma zaɓukan ƙasar da ke tafe a shekara mai zuwa, shi ne ya sanya Chakwera yin atisayensa na bainar jama'a - don nuna cewa ya fi cancanta fiye da babban abokin hamayyarsa, Peter Mutharika - da ya girmi shugaban da shekara 15.

Sabanin haka, Biya na fuskantar 'yar ƙaramar barazana a zaɓuka, inda ya lashe biyar, a baya, duk da ƙorafin ‘yan adawa na tafka maguɗi.

A cikin tsarin dimokradiyya na gaskiya, yana da kyau lafiyar shugaba ta kasance a bayyane, kamar yadda wani mai nazarin siyasa ya shaida wa BBC.

Sai dai yanayin siyasa a galibin ƙasashen Afirka, inda ake zargin jam’iyyun da ke mulki da tafka maguɗi, haka kuma juyin mulkin soja a kodayaushe barazana ce, sannan hatta shugabannin da aka zaɓa, za su iya mayar da kujerar gadon iyalansu, ba a kallon bayyana gaskiya a matsayin wani abu da shugabannin suka shirya amfani da shi ba na kusa.