Yadda hana fitar da ma'adinin kobalt daga Kongo ke barazanar tsawwala farashin wayoyin salula

Kayayyaki irin su wayoyin salula da kwamfutoci har ma da motoci masu amfani da lantarki, na iya ƙara kuɗi nan ba da jimawa ba. Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo da ta kasance ƙasa mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da ma'adinin Kobat - wanda yana da muhimmanci wajen sarrafa wasu kayan lantarki - ta ce za ta haramta fitar da ma'adinin na tsawon watanni huɗu.

Muhimmanci ma'adinin na Kobalt ba zai iya misaltuwa ba. Ana kuma amfani da shi wajen samar da baturan wayar salula, da motoci masu aiki da lantarki da yawancin taba sigari na zamani.

Haka kuma, kobalt na taimaka wa farfelan jirage masu saukar ungulu. Ana samun sa da yawa a Jamhuriyar Kongo, wadda ke fitar da kashi 70 na ma'adinin zuwa ƙasashen duniya.

Kasar ta ce ta ɗauki matakin dakatar da fitar da kobalt ne domin shawo kan yawansa da ake kai wa kasuwa, abin da ya sa farashinsa ya yi ƙasa a shekarun baya-bayan nan.

A watan Afrilun 2022, farashin kobalt ya kai dala 82,000 kan kowane tan, sai dai ya zuwa Fabarairun 2025, farashi ya yi ƙasa zuwa dala 21,000 ga kowane tan. Ana ganin cewa matakin da Kongo ta ɗauka zai saka farashi ya sake yin sama.

"Kowane cikas da aka samu a samar da kobalt hakan na shafar masana'antu, musamman a ɓangaren lantarki," a cewar Anita Mensah, wata kwararriya kan kayayyakin da ake buƙata a ƙungiyar Global Trade Insights. "Ya rage ga masu samar da kayayyaki ko dai su rage farashi ko kuma su fitar da kayayyakin ga jama'a."

Wane tasiri matakin ya yi?

Tuni sanarwar ta fara janyo tasiri a tsakanin masana'antu da suka dogara kacokan kan kobalt, musamman kayayyakin lantarki da kuma motoci masu amfani da lantarki.

Kobalt na da muhimmanci, musamman ga sinadarin lithium da ake yin batiran wayar salula, da kwamfutoci da motoci masu aiki da lantarki da kuma na'urorin adana makamashi.

Ganin cewa Kongo ce ke samar da kashi 70 na ma'adinin kobalt, ana ganin tasirin dakatar da fitar da shi zai ta'allaka kan masu saye, abin da zai shafi farashin kayayyakin lantarki da kuma motoci masu aiki da lantarki.

Peter Zhang, wani manaja a wata masana'antar samar da kayan lantark, ya ce "mun fara ganin masu samar da kayayyakin na duba yiwuwar ƙara farashi. Idan haramcin fitar da kobalt ya zarce wata uku, masu saye su sa ran cewa farashi zai ƙaru ko kuma rage aikin batira."

Haramcin dakatar da fitar da kobalt ɗin ya nuna yadda farashinsa zai koma.

"Mun ga ƙaruwar buƙatar kobalt cikin dare. Farashi zai ci gaba da tashi," a cewar David Okoro, mai hada-hadar ma'adinai mazaunin Landan.

Sai dai Joshua Cauthen, na kamfanin Sofala Partners, ya ce matakin zai janyo ƙaruwar farashi na ɗan wani lokaci ne kawai, inda ya kwatanta da batun dakatar da samar da ma'adinai a wurin haƙa na Mutanda a 2019.

"Yanayin farashin zai daidaita ta hanyar buƙatar ma'adinin da ake yi a kasuwa a yanzu," in ji shi. "Wasu masu karfin faɗa a ji a kasuwanni na shiryawa irin wannan yanayi ta hanyar adana kobalt mai yawa ko kuma komawa zuwa wasu ƙasashe masu samar da kobalt irinsu Australiya da Indonesiya."

Waye lamarin zai fi shafa?

Ana ganin cewa lamarin zai fi shafar China saboda dogaro mai yawa da take da shi kan kobalt daga Kongo.

Amurka da Japan da Koriya ta Kudu da Taiwan da kuma ƙasashen Turai sun mayar da hankali kacokan wajen laluɓo wasu hanyoyi na samun ma'adinai domin rage dogaro da kobalt.

Idan haramcin ya ci gaba da aiki, masu saye za su ga ƙaruwar farashi a kan wayoyin salula da kuma kwamfutoci, da jira na tsawon lokaci kafin samun motoci masu amfani da lantarki da kuma komawa amfani da wasu batira.

Cauthen ya kuma lura da cewa yankuna ko larduna za su yi tasiri wajen ganin ko haramcin zai jima.

"Rikicin M23 ya janyo Kinshasa na neman ƙarin ƙawance da kuma masu hulɗa, wanda zai bai wa gwamnati damar shiga tattaunawa."

Ya ce ƙasashe irinsu China da Zambiya za su yi amfani da batun tattalin arziki ko kuma diflomasiyya wajen matsin lamba kada haramcin ya shafe su ko kuma su samu wasu hanyoyin kasuwanci na daban.

Yadda Kongo ke shirin tabbatar da haramcin

Hukumomi a Kongo sun saka tsauraran matakai domin tabbatar da cewa kamfanoni masu hakar ma'adinai sun bi umarnin dakatar da fitar da kobalt.

An ɗora wa ma'aikatun gwamnati da suka kunshi Direction Générale des Douanes et Accises (DGDA) da Direction Générale des Migrations (DGM), alhakin sa ido da kuma iko a wuraren fitar da ma'adinin.

"Wannan mataki zai kula da batun samar da kobalt a kasuwannin ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda ke fuskantar yawan ma'adinin," a cewar Patrick Luabeya, shugaban hukumar kula da albarkatun ƙasa a kasuwanni (ARECOMS).

Sai dai, tabbatar da haramcin zai zo da kalubale. "Yawancin wuraren haƙar kobalt suna a lardunan Lualaba da kuma Haut-Katanga, waɗanda ba sa fuskantar rikici da ake fama da shi," in ji Cauthen.

"Amma iyakokin waɗannan larduna da Zambiya da kuma Angola yana da sama da kilomita 1,000, kuma wuri da ba shi al'umma da yawa," a cewarsa.

Ya ƙara da cewa tsarin sufurin zamani na ƙasar Zambiya da kuma kan iyaka da ba shi da isasshen tsaro, zai zama hanyar da za a iya amfani wajen safarar kobalt.

Domin tabbatar da an bi haramcin, gwamnati na tsaurara batun haƙar kobalt.

Hukumomi sun kuma haramta ɗaukar yara don shiga aikin karfi da muhalli mara inganci da kuma kasancewar marasa galihu a wuraren haƙar ma'adinai.

"An daɗe ana zargin cewa haƙar kobalt na tattare da cin zarafin ɗan'adam," a cewar Elizabeth Nkosi, wata ƴar fafutuka a cibiyar Africa Mining Justice Initiative. "Wannan haramcin zai buɗe sabon babi, muddin gwamnati ta kasance mai yin gaskiya."