Yadda firaminista mace ke sauya irin kallon da ake yi wa mata a Tunisia

An samu gagarumin sauyi a game da bai wa mata mukaman siyasa tun bayan da Najla Bouden ta zama mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin firaminista a kasashen Larabawa.

Amma kuma, hakan ba yana nufin cewa rayuwa ta yi gagarumar sauyawa ga matan Tunisia ba, kamar yadda wakilin BBC Jessie Williams ya rubuta.

Bochra Belhaj Hmida ta shafe daukacin rayuwarta wajen fafutikar samun daidaton jinsi da kuma dimokuradiyya a Tunisia - " ba zai yiwu a cimma nasara game da daya ba, ba tare da dayan ba,’’ ta ce.

Bayan juyin-juya-hali a shekarar 2011 – inda kasar ta fuskanci gagarumar zanga-zangar da ta kai ga hambarar da gwamnatin Shugaba Ben Ali mai mulkin danniya- kasar ta Tunisia ta kafa dokar 'yancin daidaiton jinsi.

Ta kuma bukaci jam’iyyun siyasa da su kasance suna da adadin mata da maza daidai wa daida a cikin jerin sunayen ‘yan takararsu da za su shiga majalisar dokoki bayan kammala zabe.

An gano cewa wannan karon cewa Ms Belhaj Hmida ta shiga cikin jam’iyyar Nidaa Tounes.

Amma kasancewarta mace ‘yar siyasa a kasar ta Tunisia – kana mace mai fafutikar neman 'yancin daidaito – ba abu ne mai sauki ba.

"Na fuskanci cin zarafi, da yarfen siyasa, da bata suna, da barazanar kisa, da kuma yin kiran da a yi min kisan gilla,’’ ta ce, tana mai karawa da cewa tun a shekarar 2021 take karkashin kulawa da kariyar gwamnatin kasar.

Amma kuma yanzu haka Tunisia na fuskantar gagarumin sauyi kan yadda al'umma ke kallon mata da ke rike da mukamai da mulki, fiye da sauran kasashen Larabawa.

Wani sabon bincike da cibiyar bincike kan kasashen Larabawa ta gudanar a madadin sashen Larabci na BBC, ya gano cewa Tunisia ta samu gagarumar raguwa a yawan adadin mutanen da ke da ra’ayin cewa maza sun fi mata dacewa da mukaman siyasa.

Tun a shekarar 2018 aka samu raguwar kashin 16 bisa dari – daga kashi 56 bisa dari zuwa kashi 40 bisa dari – a cikin wadanda suka a mince da kalaman cewa "baki daya, maza sun fi mata a fagen shugabancin siyasa".

An gudanar da bincike a daidai lokacin da kasar Tunisia ta samu mace ta farko firaminista – kwararriya a fannin kimiyyar kasa Najla Bouden, wacce shugaba Kais Saied ya nada a watan Oktobar shekarar 2021.

Hakan ya yi nuna wani babban abin koyi, a cewar Amaney Jamal, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa cibiyar binciken ta Arab Barometer, kana shugabar makarantar Princeton School of Public and International Affairs mai mazauni a Amurka.

"Ba mu ga wani babban sauyi a fannin ra’yoyin jama’a game da ‘yancin mata ba, kafin wannan nadin,’’ ta ce, ta kuma kara da cewa hakan ya sa mutane na cewa: 'Mata za su iya samun nasara a matsayinsu da shugabannin siyasa kamar takwarorinsu maza’.’’

Amma Ms Belhaj Hmida ya bayyana nadin Ms Bouden a matsayin wani "takobi mai baki biyu".

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kawo karshen "bai wa maza fifiko," amma "za a iya kallon rashin mayar da daukacin hankalinta kan ‘yancin mata da daidaito a matsain gazawar mata a fannin harkokin mulki," in ji ta.

Kenza Ben Azouz, wata mai bincike a kungiyar kare hakkin biladama ta Human Rights Watch, ta bayyana cewa masu fafutikar kare hakkin mata na kasar Tunisia ta ta tattauna da su ba su amince cewa nadin Ms Bouden ya haifar da wani "kwakkwaran cigaba ba."

"Babu wata karuwa da aka yi a fannin neman ‘yancin ga matan,’’ ta ce.

Gwamnatin kasar Tunisia ba ta mayar da martani ga bukatun da BBC ta aike mata ba na neman martani.

Mista Saied na da yawan mata 10, da suka hada da Ms Bouden, a cikin majalisar ministocinsa mai mutane 24.

Masu fafutikar kare hakkin mata sun damu matuka cewa shugaban kasa na amfani da karfafawa matan wajen boye irin matakansa na mulkin danniya, da suka hada da rushe majalisar dokoki tare da salon mulki ba tare da amincewar majalisa ba.

An san Mista Saied irin ra’ayoyinsa na ‘yan mazan jiya kan ‘yancin mata – ya kuma cigaba da yin adawa da daidaita mata wajen yin gado, kana har yanzu ana daukar mazan kasar Tunisia a matsayin shugabannin a cikin iyalai.

Ana kuma amfani da rabon gado a bisa Shari’ar Musulunci, wacce ta tanadi cewa da namiji ne ke da kaso biyu a kan na ‘yaruwarsa mace.

A watan da ya gabata ne Mista Saied ya haddasa fusata a lokacin da ya koro alakalai 57 bayan zargin su da aikata laifuka daban-daban, da suka hada da ma cin hanci da rashawa’’.

Sun hada da wata alkali mace wacce aka kwarmata wasu bayanan sirrin rayuwarta a shafin intanet – wanda suka hada da aikata zina, wanda babban laifi ne a kasar ta Tunisia, kana aka tilasta mata and was forced by police to take a virginity test. 

Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Tunisia na da adadi mai yaw ana mutane – kashi 61 bisa dari – da suka yi amanna cewa cin zarafin mata ya karu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata duk kuwa da dokokin da aka kafa a shekarar 2017 don kawar da matsalar. 

A wata alama da ke nuna irin hadarin da hakan zai zama ga matan, wasu maza biyu ‘yan majalisa sun zabga wa shugabar jami’iyar Al-Dustur al-Hurr, Abir Moussi mari tare da haurin ta a yayin da ake tsakiya zaman majalisar dokoki.

An kuma dakatar da sua su biyun daga tashi su yi magana a zauren majalisar na zama uku a jere.

Mai fafutikar kare hakkin mata da nuna wariyar launin fata ta kasar Tunisian Khawla Ksiksi ta shiga cikin zanga-zangar kana ta zama jagora a shafin gangamin Facebook na #EnaZeda, wanda ta ce ta kan samu bayanai 20 na cin zarafi ta hanyar lalata a ko wace rana.

Duk da cewa an samu wasu nasarori – da suka hada da kafa rundunonin ‘yansanda don shawo kan matsalar cin zarafin mata – mutane na bayyana cewa akwai gagarumin jan kafa wajen aiwatar da dokar.

Sun kuma yi nuni da batun kisan Refka Cherni mai shekaru 26, wacce ake zargin mijinta ne ya hallaka ta a watan Mayun shekarar, 2021, kwanaki biyu kacal bayan ta kai rahoton cin zarfinta ga ‘yansanda.

An kuma cafke shi, amma kuma har yanzu bai fuskanci shari’a ba, kana bai ce komai ba.Amma, a yayin da maza ke cigaba da rike ragamar harkokin iyalai a karkashin dokokin kasar Tunisia, duk wani taimako daga gwamnati na zuwa hannunsu ne, kana wadanda aka ci zarafi ba su da ‘yancin samun wani tallafin kudi.

"Duk wani karfin ikon kudi na hannun miji ne,’’ in ji Mis Ben Azouz.

Nuna kyamar da ke faruwa a cibiyoyin wadanda ake ci zarafi, idan aka hada da rashin su o guda biyar kadai ake da su a Tunisia, wanda hudud aga cikinsu na Tunis babban birnin kasar – da hakan ke nufin wadanda suka tsira musamman masu karamin karfi, an tilasta musu sun zauna tare da masu cin zarafin nasu.

Duk da damuwar da ake nunawa, Mis Ben Azouz ta bayyana cewa tana cike da fata,’’ musamman ma saboda irin ayyukan masu fafutikar kare hakkin matan da kuma karuwar basirarsu’’.

Ita kuwa Mis Belhaj Hmida, cewa ta ke yi dole a cigaba da gangamin ganin cewa kasar ta Tunisia ta kasance wuri mai cike da rayuwa mai kyau, da ‘yanci, da walwala, amma ga wadanda suka yi imanin cewa kasar ta cancanci samun cigaban da ya fi haka’’.