Yadda Babban Bankin Ghana ya yi asarar dala biliyan 5 a shekara ɗaya

Ghana - wadda aka taɓa yayatawa a matsayin wacce ta yi zarra wajen ci gaban tattalin arziki a Afrika - tana fuskantar matsin tattalin arziki da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba.

A wannan makon, ɗaruruwan masu zanga-zanga sun fito kan tituna a Accra babban birnin ƙasar, suna kira ga gwamnan babban bankin da mataimakansa biyu da su yi murabus saboda asarar cedi na Ghana kimanin biliyan 60 a shekara ta 2022.

Zanga-zangar, wadda aka yi wa laƙabi da #OccupyBoG, ta samu jagoranci daga jam'iyyar hamayya ta NDC.

Masu zanga-zangar, sanye da jajayen riguna da kuma huluna, sun yi ta rera wakoki riƙe kuma da alluna – wasu na cewa “A daina wawure dukiyar ƙasa, muna shan wahala”.

‘Yan adawar dai na iƙirarin cewa bankin ya buga kuɗi ba bisa ka’ida ba don ba gwamnati rance, wanda hakan ya janyo faɗuwar darajar kuɗin ƙasar da kuma hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.

Haka kuma sun soki bankin da kashe sama da dalar Amurka 762,000 wajen tafiye-tafiyen cikin gida da waje, wanda ya ƙaru da kashi 87 a shekarar da ta gabata, da kuma $250m don gina sabuwar hedkwata.

Ƴan adawar sun ce an rubuta waɗannan alkaluma ne a wani bincike na cikin gida.

Jam'iyyar ta NDC ta zargi gwamnan babban bankin ƙasar, Dr Ernest Addison, da ganganci da kuma rashin iya gudanarwa.

Kuma yayin da ake zargin bankin da rashin iya gudanarwa a baya, ba a taɓa ganin irin asarar da aka yi a ƙasar ba.

"Ba mu taɓa ganin irin haka ba a tarihi. Idan Bankin Ghana na son farfaɗowa daga wannan asarar...zai ɗauketa tsawon shekara 45," a cewar Godwin Bokpin, Farfesa kan tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Ghana.

Bankin ya musanta zargin rashin iya gudanarwa sannan ya ce asarar da aka yi, ya faru ne sakamakon rashin tsayayyen canjin kuɗi da kuma rashin biyan basuka da ma'aikatun kuɗi na cikin gida suka yi.

Ta kuma ce matakin da gwamnati ta ɗauka na ciyo rancen $700m daga gareta, da kuma ƙasa biyanta kuɗin lokaci ɗaya, shi ma ya taimaka wajen faɗa wa matsala.

An kuma zargi gwamnan bankin da hannu a hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma matsin tattalin arziki kan irin matakan da ya riƙa ɗauka. "Lokacin da suke buga biliyoyin kuɗi wa gwamnati, ba su san me hakan zai haifar ba? Wani lauya mai suna Martin Kepbu ya tambaya.

Me ya sa hakan ya faru?

A yanzu, Ghana na fama da matsin tattalin arziki da ba ta taɓa ganin irinsa ba a tarihi. A shekara da ta gabata, hauhawar farashi ta kai kashi 54 - kuma har yanzu tana nan a kashi 40 cikin ɗari.

Cibiyoyin auna bayar da basuka, sun mayar da ƙasar baya, abin da ya hana ta ciyo rance daga ƙasashen waje.

A watan Satumban 2022, yawan bashin da ake bin Ghana ya tashi zuwa $55bn.

Wannan na nufin cewa gwamnati na buƙatar kashi 70 na kuɗin shigarta domin smaun damar biyan bashin, abu kuma da ta ƙasa yi. Daga baya, ta ƙasa biyan basukan da ake bin ta yadda ya kamata.

Hakan ya tilasta wa gwamnatin ƙasar ta Ghana tinƙarar Asusun Bayar da Lamuni ta Duniya (IMF) domin neman taimako. Sai da gwamnatin ƙasar ta amince ta cika wasu sharuɗa kafin ta samu rancen $3bn a wannan shekara.

Abu mai muhimmanci a nan shi ne rage yawan kuɗin ruwa a basuka da ake bin ƙasar zuwa matakin da za a iya biya nan da shekara ta 2028. Hakan zai ba su damar samun isassun kuɗaɗe domin tafiyar da tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

Domin cimma haka, gwamnatin Ghana ta fara gyara tsarin ciyo bashi ta hanyar sake tattaunawa da masu bayar da bashin, inda buƙatar kada tsauwala kuɗin ruwa da kuma bayar isassen lokacin biya, domin rage wa hukumomin kuɗi matsi a kansu.

Sai dai, wasu masu bayar da rashi sun ki shiga cikin wannan tsari da gwamnatin Ghanan ta buƙata.

A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, babban bankin Ghana, ya fitar da wata sanarwa, inda ta ce gwamnati ta faɗa mata cewa ba ta da isassun kuɗaɗe domin cika sharuɗan da IMF ya ginɗaya, kuma ba za ta iya biyan rabin rancen $700m da ta ciyo daga bankin ba.

Maimakon haka, kuɗin zai tafi zuwa tsarin gyara bashi. Ta kuma ce ba za ta biya wani kuɗin ruwa ba da bankin ke binta.

Bankin dai shi ne mai ba da lamuni na karshe, kuma masana sun ce gwamnatin ƙasar karkashin jagorancin shugaba Nana Akufo-Addo ta aikata ba daidai ba, musamman wajen wofantar da harkokin bankin.

"Dokar bankin Ghana ta fito ta faɗa karara cewa buga kuɗi ko ba da tallafi ga gwamnati ya takaita ne kawai kan kashi 5 na kuɗaɗen shigar kasafin kuɗin shekarar da ta gabata, wanda hakan ke nufin a ka'ida goyon bayan gwamnati ba laifi ba ne amma kar a wuce kashi 5," in ji Farfesa Bokpin.

Doka ta umarci jami'an bankin su kai rahoto ga majalisa idan aka wuce kashi 5.

Rashin bayar da rahoto zai iya janyo cin tara ko kuma zaman gidan yari na shekara biyu.

Tasirin asarar da bankin ya yi

Hakan ba yana nufin cewa Bankin Ghana ya karye. Shi ba bankin kasuwanci bane da sai ya samu riba, don haka bai kamata asara ta yi tasiri a ayyukansa na yau da kullun ba, kuma a matsayinsa na mai ba da lamuni na ƙarshe zai iya ƙirƙirar nasa kuɗin.

Sai dai a cewar masana, asarar da babban bankin ya yi na da gagarumin tasiri.

Hakan dai na rage karfin bankin wajen kula da bankunan kasuwanci a Ghana.

Haka kuma yana lalata ƙwarin-gwiwar da ake da ita kan tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi a ƙasar.

Ko da yake sauran manyan bankunan duniya sun fuskanci irin wannan kalubale, amma bambancin da ake samu a Ghana shi ne irin yawan kuɗaɗen da aka yi asara idan aka kwatanta shi da girman tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

A Birtaniya, Bankin Ingila zai yi asarar kusan dala biliyan 180 cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa wanda gwamnatin ƙasar za ta ɗauki nauyinsa.

Amma girman tattalin arzikin Birtaniya ya kai tiriliyoyin daloli.

Wani kirkire-kirkire kuma marubuci a Ghana, Bright Simons, ya ce bankin ƙasar ba zai kwatanta asarar da ya yi ba da ta wasu ƙasashe.

"Ƙoƙarin da suke yi na kawar da zargi da nuna asarar da wasu bankunan ke yi ba shi da ma’ana domin girman asarar da suka yi ya zarce na sauran bankuna takwarorinsu.

"Yawancin matsaloli da aka samu, sun faru ne sakamakon irin matakan da aka ɗauka da kuma rashin kuɗi daga wajen gwamnati," in ji shi.

Wato bankin ya bai wa gwamnati kuɗaɗe fiye da ƙima.

Tasirin asarar kan al'umma

Wani rahoto da Bankin Duniya ya fitar a watan da ya gabata, ya yi kiyasin cewa ƴan ƙasar Ghana 850,000 sun faɗa cikin talauci saboda ƙaruwar hauhawar farashi.

Kuɗaɗen da ‘yan Ghana ke samu ya ragu, abin da ya shafi yadda suke sayen kayayyaki.

Farashin abinci da man fetur da kayan masarufi na ci gaba da tashi, kuma gidaje da dama na kokawa saboda kasa samun abin biyan buƙata.

A yanzu, hukumomin ƙasar ta Ghana da kuma IMF na gudanar da bincike kan babban bankin ƙasar.

A cikin sharuɗan da asusun IMF ya bayar, idan gwamnati ta buƙaci ƙarin kuɗaɗen ceto, bankin ba shi da wani zaɓi illa ya ki amincewa.