Yaudara da aljanna? -'Na so sadaukar da raina don Taliban'

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Asalin hoton, Maiwand Banayee

Bayanan hoto, Maiwand Banayee ya damu kan cewa yaran Afghanistan na cikin hatsarin tsunduma harkar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi
    • Marubuci, Sadaf Ghayasi
    • Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC Afghan Languages
  • Lokacin karatu: Minti 9

A yanzu Maiwand Banayee na rayuwa cikin lumana kamar sauran al'umma.

Mutumin mai shekara 45 a duniya, yana aiki ne da Hukumar Lafiya ta Birtaniya inda yake taimaka wa masu fama da ciwon suga, haka nan yana karatun digiri na biyu, idan kuma ba ya komai za ka same shi yana daga ƙarfe a ɗakin motsa jiki da ke inda yake zama a birnin Coventry na ƙasar Birtaniya.

To amma wannan rayuwar da yake yi ta yi matuƙar shan bamban daga rayuwar da ya yi a shekarun 1990, lokacin da babu abinda ya fi ƙauna face "na mutu a matsayin shahidi" ta hanyar yaƙi ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Taliban, ko da kuwa hakan ya ƙunshi yin ƙunar baƙin-wake.

Mista Banayee ya ce daga baya ya samu damar cire kansa daga aƙidar tsattsauran ra'ayi na Taliban, har ma ya rubuta littafinsa mai taken, Yaudara da aljanna: Rayuwar mayaƙin ƙungiyar Taliban da ya tsere, inda yake sa ran zai taimaka wa wasu daga kauce wa zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

A cikin littafin, ya yi bayanin yadda aka yaudare shi ta hanyar alƙawarin samun rabo, har ta kai ga ya yi imanin cewa hanya ɗoɗar ta shiga aljanna ita ce sadaukar da rayuwarsa wa yin jihadi ga "al'ummar da ke yin tsantsar Musulunci".

A yanzu Banayee na fargaba kan cewa tun bayan da Taliban ta sake karɓe iko a Afghanistan a 2021, "ƙaruwar makarantun addini a Afghanistan" za ta buɗe wa ƙananan yara hanyar faɗawa aƙidar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

An haife shi ne a shekarar 1980 a Afghanistan, kuma Maiwand Banayee ya kasance ɗan'auta a gidansu. Mahaifinsa, wanda tsohon soja ne da ya yi ritaya, ya laƙaba masa suna ne darajar Yaƙin Maiwand, lokacin da Afghanistan ta yi galaba a kan Birtaniya a shekarar 1880, yaƙi na biyu da aka fafata tsakanin Afghanistan da Birtaniya.

"Ba kamar yadda mahaifina ya so ba, na kasance yaro mai sanyin hali. Mugayen yaran unguwarmu suna yi min barazana a koda yaushe, kuma mahaifina da yayana suna min fada kan me ya sa ba na mayar da martani," kamar yadda yake ba da labari.

Sai dai ya ce a shekarar 1994, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 14, sai ya tsinci kansa a hannun masu jihadi waɗanda suka kangarar da shi a sansanin ƴan gudun hijira na Shamshato da ke Pakistan.

A lokacin ya gudo daga Afghanistan ne tare da ƴan'uwansa domin tsere wa yaƙin basasar ƙasar da ya ɓarke, daga baya mahaifansa suka iske su a sansanin.

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Asalin hoton, Maiwand Banayee

Bayanan hoto, Maiwand Banayee lokacin yana dan shekara 14 a sansanin gudun hijira na Shamshato bayan tserewa daga birnin Kabul
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Rayuwa a sansanin ta kasance mai tsanani, kamar yadda Banayee ya bayyana, saboda babu sakewa sannan kuma ana yada farfaganda ta addini a kodayaushe.

Ya ce a kowace rana ana farawa ne da karatun Qur'ani da asuba, sai kuma karatun addini a makaranta, daga nan kuma sai a tafi wurin wa'azi a masallaci.

Ya ce zai iya tunawa a lokacin da ake wa'azi, malaman suna mayar da hankali ne kacokan kan yin shahada.

"Sun fada mana cewa duniya ta lalace, mutane sun zama masu saɓa wa Allah, kuma ta hanyar shahada ne kawai mutum zai tafi aljanna," in ji shi. "Halin da muke ciki a lokacin ya ƙara ingiza mu zuwa turbar tsattsauran ra'ayi."

Ya ce malaman da suka iske a Pakistan, wadanda ya ce sun fi malaman Afghanistan tsattsauran ra'ayi sun fada musu cewa dole ne Musulmai su yi galaba domin kauce ma wahalar rayuwa a duniya.

"Suna koyar da mutum yadda zai yi kisa da yadda za ka sadaukar da ranka," in ji shi, ya ƙara da cewa ba da daɗewa ba sai ya fara fifita mutuwarsa a kan komai.

Ya bayyana yadda malaman suka riƙa kambama musu dadin da mutum zai ji a rayuwar ƙiyama, cewa akwai kyawawan mata "sun fi matan duniya kyau sau miliyan" masu manyan nonuwa, farare, kuma masu kyawun leɓe...sannan bayan duk saduwa za su sake komawa budare.

Ya ce wadannan bayanai kan yi tasiri sosai a tunanin yara da ke tasowa.

"Muna cikin ƙangin yunwa, ga talauci, ba mu saba saduwa da mata ba kuma ba mu da wani iko. Waɗannan alƙawurra sun kwaɗaita mana rayuwa ta gaba," in ji Banayee.

"Sai na gamsu da wadannan abubuwa da suka fada min, na amince cewa lallai rayuwar lahira ita ce ta fi, sannan na fara kwaɗayinta."

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Asalin hoton, Maiwand Banayee

Bayanan hoto, Sansanin ƴan gudun hijira na Shamshato bayan sallar Juma'a a shekarar 1997

Banayee ya ce sai rayuwa ta ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa a sansanin ƴan gudun hijira na Shamshato.

An kafa sansanin ne a shekarar 1983 domin bayar da mafaka ga ƴan ƙasar Afghanistan wadanda ke tsere wa samamen Tarayyar Soviet.

Sai ƙungiyar Hezb-e-Islami, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gulbuddin Hekmatyar suka kankane sansanin.

A tsawon shekaru, Hekmatyar da sauran jagororin masu jihadi na Afghanistan sun riƙa karɓar kuɗaɗe daga Amurka, inda suke amfani da kudin wajen ɗaukar yara da ke karatu a Islamiyya a matsayin mayaƙan da za su yaƙi dakarun Tarayyar Soviet.

To amma bayan ƴan Soviet sun fice daga Afghanistan a 1989 sai ƙasar ta tsunduma cikin yaƙin basasa, Hekmatyar ya ci gaba da iko a sansanin Shamshato.

Bayan shafe wasu ƙarin shekaru a can, a 1996 Banayee ya bar sansanin, inda ya koma Kabul, a lokacin ƙungiyar Taliban ce take iko da akasarin ƙasar Afghanistan, har da babban birnin kasar.

Ƙungiyar ta riƙa ƙaƙaba tsattsaurar shari'ar Musulunci, daidai da wadda aka koya masa a sansanin gudun hijira a Pakistan.

A zamanin mulkinta na farko, Taliban ta haramta kallon talabijin, da jin waƙa da zuwa silima, haramta wa yara zuwa makaranta, suka tursasa wa mata rufe dukkanin jikinsu da tursasa wa maza ajiye gemu.

Haka nan Taliban ta fito da tsarin zartar wa waɗanda aka samu da laifin kisan kai hukuncin kisa da yanke wa ɓarayi hannu a bainar jama'a.

Banayee ya ce a lokacin ya shiga ƙungiyar Taliban, duk da bai yi yaki ba amma ya riƙa yada wa'azinsu da tabbatar da ana bin dokokinsu, inda yake ɗauke da makami a koda yaushe.

"A tsawon rayuwata, na yi ta fama da batun nuna jarumta a matsayina na namiji," in ji shi. "Amma da na fara ɗaukar bindiga sai na ji kamar na fi kowa. Kullum nakan ɗaura ƙaton rawani, na ɗauki bindigata ina zagayawa a cikin gari tamkar ni ne shugaban duniya."

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Asalin hoton, Maiwand Banayee

Bayanan hoto, Maiwand Banayee, zaune daga dama lokacin yana cikin ƙungiyar Taliban a Afghanistan

Ya tuna wata rana da ya koma gida ya iske iyayensa sun sayo talabijin, kuma ƙannensa mata suna kallo.

"Sai na fasa talabijin din, muka samu saɓani da mahaifina," in ji shi. "Suka ce na haukace - suka ce tsattsauran ra'ayina ya yi yawa. Sun rasa me ya sa na tsani talabijin.

"Malaman da suka koyar da ni sun fada min cewa idan iyayena mata da ƙannaina mata suka kalli talabijin za su ga maza masu kyau kuma su ji suna son kwanciya da su."

Banayee ya ce yana jira ne a kira shi domin shiga cikin wadanda za su fafata da sojoji masu biyayya ga Ahmad Shah Massoud, wanda tsohon kwamandan masu jihadi ne wanda ya yaƙi sojojin Tarayyar Soviet amma daga baya sai ya dawo yana adawa da Taliban a arewacin Afghanistan.

Daga baya wani ɗan baƙin wake na ƙungiyar al-Qaeda ya kashe Massoud a shekara ta 2001, kwana biyu gabanin harin da aka kai wa Amurka na ranar 11 ga watan Satumba.

"Burina kawai a lokacin shi ne na tafi yaƙi a arewa domin na yi shahada," in ji shi.

Sai dai bayan watanni a cikin ƙungiyar Taliban sai Banayee ya fara tambayar kansa game da inganci turbar da yake a kai. Daga nan sai ya koma Pakistan domin shiga kwalejin Darul Uloom Haqqaniyya, wadda wasu ke yi wa laƙabi da "Jami'ar Jihadi", sai dai babu gurbi a lokacin.

Wannan ta sa ya koma gida Afghanistan a shekarar 1997. Sai dai a lokacin da yake kan hanyar komawa birnin Kabul ya ci karo da wani abu wanda ba zai taɓa mantawa ba.

Ya ce bayan ya yi sallah, sai wasu mayaƙan Taliban suka umarce shi ya sake yin sallar.

"Na ce musu ai yanzu na yi sallah, amma babu abin da ya dame su. Suka yi barazanar buga min bindiga idan ban yi abin da suka umarce ni ba. Na ga abin da suka yi bai kamata ba, tamkar raini ne. Lokacin shekaruna 17, kuma abin ya yi min ciwo a zuciyata. Na ga cewa ina matuƙar son Taliban, to amma ni za su yi wa haka?"

Ya kuma tuna yadda ake yanke wa mutane hukunci a bainar jama'a a filin wasa na Ghazi da ke birnin Kabul, wanda tun asali an gina filin ne domin wasannin motsa jiki, amma daga baya sai Taliban ta mayar da shi wajen zartar da hukunci.

"Sukan yanke wa mutane hannu. Nakan rufe idanuna. Akwai wani da aka tilasta masa ya harbe wadanda suka kashe ɗan'uwansa.

Lokacin ne na fara tunanin cewa idan dai waɗannan mutanen Musulunci suke yi, me ya sa ba su da tausayi haka?"

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Asalin hoton, Stefan Smith/AFP via Getty Images

Bayanan hoto, Bayan da Taliban ta hau kan mulki a 1996, sun riƙa zartar da hukunci a bainar jama'a, ana yi wa mutane bulala da yanke musu hannuwa

Banayee ya kwashe sauran shekarun da suka biyo baya ne yana zirga-zirga tsakanin Pakistan da Afghanistan, inda yake halartar makarantun Musulunci, yana sana'ar haɗa bulo da kuma sayar da kayan miya.

A lokacin da ya zauna a sansanin ƴan gudun hijira na Shamshato, ya iya tuna yadda akan samu rikici tsakanin ƴansandan Pakistan da matasa wadanda ake bai wa horo na ƙungiyoyin addini.

A shekara ta 2001 sai Banayee ya fice daga sansanin sakamakon raɗe-raɗin da ake yi cewa ƴansanda za su kai samame, inda ya ji tsoron cewa za a iya kama shi. Daga nan sai ya fice daga ƙasar, ya shiga Rasha, ya tafi Dubai, sannan daga can ya tafi Birtaniya, inda ya ce ba a amince da buƙatarsa ta samun mafaka a ƙasar ba a shekarar 2002.

Ya bayyana yadda ya riƙa kwana a wuraren hutawa da ɗakunan buga waya a birnin Cardiff. Ya ce a wani dare ƴansanda masu farautar baƙi sun isa gidan da yake zaune, sai dai ba su samu nasarar kama shi ba bayan ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin gado.

Bayan shekara biyu, wato a shekara ta 2004, Banyee ya tafi ƙasar Ireland, inda a can ma aka yi watsi da buƙatarsa ta neman mafaka.

To amma a lokacin da yake a Ireland sai ya haɗu da wata mata ƴar asalin ƙasar, inda suka ƙulla soyayya har ma suka yi aure.

Sai dai auren ƴar asalin Ireland bai bai wa mutum damar zama ɗan ƙasa kai-tsaye - ana duba abin ne daban. Sai dai an bar Banayee ya ci gaba da zama a ƙasar inda daga baya ya samu zama ɗan ƙasa.

A shekarar 2023 sai ya koma garin Coventry da zama, inda har yanzu yake zama a can, yana aiki da hukumar lafiya ta Birtaniya a matsayin mai taimaka wa masu fama da ciwon suga.

Shi da matarsa sun rabu shekara biyu da suka gabata, amma duk da haka suna da yarinya ɗaya mai shekara 17, wadda take makaranta.

"Tana alfahari da ni, ta san komai," kamar yadda ya ce a lokacin da yake magana kan ƴarsa.

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Asalin hoton, Terence White/AFP via Getty Images

Bayanan hoto, Yaƙin basasar Afghanistan ya tursasa wa mutanen ƙasar da dama tserewa daga garuruwansu

Ya bayyana cewa watsar da tsattsauran ra'ayi abu ne da yake ɗaukan lokaci, kuma mataki-mataki ne. "Shigar da mutum irin wannan tsari na tsattsauran ra'ayi yana ɗaukan lokaci, haka nan ma fitarsa daga tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar mutum ba abu ne da ke faruwa cikin ƙiftawar ido ba," in ji Banayee.

Ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin abin da ke "ɗaukar lokaci kuma a hankali."

"A kowane lokaci na yi tababa kan wani abu, tamkar tsaguwa ce, da haka da haka har na samu na fita," in ji shi.

Yana ganin cewa rayuwar da ya yi a baya har yanzu tana shafar rayuwar da yake yi a yanzu, sannan burinsa na yin shahada a lokacin da yake yaro, abu ne da har yanzu kan firgita shi.

"Duniya ce ta daban, ya zame min abu mai wahala kafin na iya haɗa waɗannan al'adu guda biyu.

"Bambancin ne ya raba ni da matata. Abin da ya faru da kai a baya yakan riƙa bibiyar ka a yanzu da kuma rayuwarka nan gaba."

Amma Banayee ya sani cewa a baya bai dauki hanya mai kyawu ba, kuma ya ce har yanzu akwai mutanen da ya sani a baya, wadanda ke cikin ayyukan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

"Wasu daga cikin abokan karatuna sun zama ƴan ƙunar baƙin wake inda suka kashe kansu da wasu. Na sauya, amma su ba su sauya ba," in ji shi, inda ya yi bayanin cewa wani lokaci yana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka yi amfani da su kawai.

Lokaci na ƙarshe da ya je Afghanistan shi ne a shekarar 2019, sai dai yana ganin cewa sukar da yake sha ya sanya zai zama abu mai matuƙar hatsari gare shi idan ya sake komawa, musamman yanzu da Taliban ke kan mulki.

Saƙonsa ga matasa da ke cikin hatsarin faɗawa cikin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi shi ne: Ku yi tambaya a kan komai.

"Na kasance ina neman hanyar da zan yi rayuwa ta gari kuma na zamo mai addini, sai na fahimci cewa waccan hanyar ita ce daidai," in ji Banayee.

Ya yarda da duk wasu abubuwa da aka faɗa masa, kamar cewa gawar shahidi ba ta ruɓewa, da cewa kunama tana harbin ƴan kwamunisanci ne kawai da kuma cewar tsuntsaye za su sanar da Musulmi idan za a kawo musu hari ta sama.

Daga baya, ya tsaya ya yi tunani kan wadannan abubuwa, sai ya gano cewa "akasarinsu ba gaskiya ba ne."