Yanayin da ƙasar Syria ke ciki shekara ɗaya bayan hamɓarar da gwamnatin Assad

Shekara ɗaya da ta wuce, yaƙin da ake ganin shugaba Bashar al-Assad ya yi nasara ya sauya akala.

Dakarun ƴantawaye sun ɓalle daga Idlib, lardin Siriya da ke kan iyaka da Turkiyya, inda suke kutsawa zuwa Damascus. Wani mutum da aka fi sani da Abu Mohammed al-Jolani ke jagoranta a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar sa ta Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).

Jolani ya kasance laƙabinsa ne, wanda ke nuna tushen danginsa a tsaunukan Golan, da ke kudancin Syria, da Isra'ila ta mamaye a 1967. Sunansa na gaske Ahmed al-Sharaa.

Bayan shekara guda, shi ne shugaban riƙon ƙwarya, kuma Bashar al-Assad yana gudun hijira a ƙasar Rasha.

Har yanzu akasarin Siriya a ruguje ta ke . A kowane birni da ƙauye da na ziyarta cikin waɗannan kwanaki goman, mutane suna zaune a cikin rusassun gine-gine da yaki ya lalata. Amma duk sa sabbin matsalolin da Siriya ke fuskanta, lamarin da ɗan sauki sakamakon rashin Assad.

Ahmad al-Sharaa ya samu sauƙin tafiyar da al'amura a ƙasashen waje fiye da a gida. Ya ci nasara a kan jayayyar Saudiyya da ƙasashen Yamma cewa shi ne mafi kyawun dama da Siriya ke da ita na samun tabbataccen makoma.

A watan Mayu, Yarima mai jiran gado na Saudiyya ya shirya wata gajeriyar ganawa tsakanin Sharaa da shugaban Amurka Donald Trump. Bayan haka, Trump ya kira shi da "saurayi mai jajircewa".

A cikin gida, Siriyawa sun fi baƙi sanin rauninsa da kuma matsalolin da Siriya ke fuskanta. ƙarfin ikon Sharaa ba kai zuwa yankin arewa maso gabas ba, inda Kurdawa ke da iko, ko kuma wasu sassan kudancin ƙasar da ƴan ƙabilar Druze na Syria, ke son a kafa wata ƙasa ta daban da goyon bayan Isra'ila da ƙawayenta.

A gabar teku kuma, Alawites - ɓangaren Assad - suna fargabar sake fuskantar kisan gillar da aka yi musu a watan Maris.

A cikin makon farko na watan Disamban na bara, yadda yunƙurin ƙungiyar HTS ya ke tafiya da sauri ya bai wa mutane mamaki. Cikin kwana uku su ka ƙwace birnin Aleppo, babbar cibiyar arewacin Syria.

Idan aka kwatanta wannan lamari da na shekarun da aka ji jiki tsakanin 2012 zuwa 2016, lokacin da sojojin gwamnati da mayaƙan ƴan tawaye suka gwabza yaƙi don neman iko da birnin: wanda Assad ya yi nasara bayan da shugaban ƙasar Rasha Vladimir Putin ya tura sojojinsa na sama don ƙarawa sojojin gwamnatin ƙarfi.

A lokacin da na ziyarci tsoffin sansanonin ƴantawaye a gabashin Aleppo ƴan makonni bayan sun sha kashi a hannun gwamnatin ƙasar, yankuna da dama sun lalace sakamakon kuguden wutan Rasha.

Amma a ƙarshen shekarar 2024, a fadin ƙasar, sojojin gwamnati sun yi ɓatan dabo. Duka waɗanda aka tilastawa shiga soja da kuma masu biyayya ga gwamnatin ba su da shirin ci gaba da yaƙi da mutuwa kan muradun gwamnatin da ba ta saka masu da komai zalunci da danniya, ta kuma jefa su cikin ƙangin talauci.

Ƴan kwanaki kaɗan bayan Bashar al-Assad ya tsere zuwa Rasha, na yi hira da sabon shugaban Syria a fadar sgufaban ƙasa.

Ahmed al-Sharaa. Ya shaida min cewa ƙasar ta gaji da yaƙi kuma ba ta kasance barazana ga maƙwabtanta ko kuma ƙasashen yammacin duniya ba, yana mai dagewa cewa za su yi mulki ne ga dukkan Siriyawa. Sako ne da yawancin Siriyawa da gwamnatocin ƙasashen waje suke son ji.

Isra'ila ta yi watsi da wannan batu. Kuma masu kishin jihadi sun bayyana Al-Sharaa matsayin mayaudari, wanda ya juya wa addininsa da tarihinsa baya.

IS ta yi rauni a Syria

Ahmed al-Sharaa ya karɓi mulki cikin tsananin rashin tabbas game da abin da zai iya yi, da kuma abin da maƙiyansa za su yi masa. Daga cikin su akwai fargabar cewa masu tsattsauran ra'ayin jihadi na Islamic State, waɗanda har yanzu suke da sauran mayaƙa, za su iya yunkurin kashe shi, ko kuma su haifar da hargitsi tare da hasarar rayuka a Damascus.

Masu iƙirarin jihadi sun fusata a shafukan sada zumunta game da dangantakar Sharaa da ƙasashen yammacin duniya. Bayan da ya amince ya shiga ƙawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta don yaƙar kungiyar IS, wasu fitattu a shafukan intanet sun bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya yi ridda, ya juya wa addininsa baya. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya ɗaukar hakan a matsayin dalilin kashe shi.

Gaskiyar magana ita ce, IS a Siriya tana da rauni. Hare-haren da ta kai a bana ya kasance kan dakarun Kurdawa ne a yankin arewa maso gabas.

Hakan dai ya sauya a ƴan makonnin da suka gabata kafin bukin tunawa da faduwar gwamnatin Assad.

A yayin da jami'an tsaro suka kai farmaki kan ƴan ƙungiyar IS, masu iƙirarin jihadin sun kashe sojoji uku da wasu tsoffin jami'an gwamnatin Asad biyu a garuruwan da gwamnati ke iko da su, a cewar bayanan da Charles Lister, babban mai sharhi kan Syria ya tattara, kuma aka buga a wata jarida ta Syria Weekly. Kafofin yaɗa labaran IS da BBC ke sa ido a kai na ci gaba da shaida wa ƴan Ahlul Sunna na Syria cewa Sharaa ya ci amanar su.

Ba tare da gabatar da wata hujja ba, sun buga iƙirarin cewa shi wakili ne na Amurka da Birtaniya, yana aiki don lalata aikin jihadi.

Yunƙurin shawo kan Trump da ƙasashen Yammaci

Yunƙurin da Sharaa ya ke yi na zawarci ƙasashen yamma ya yi nasara sosai.

A cikin makonni biyu bayan ya karɓi mulki a Syria, ya karɓi baƙuncin tawagar manyan jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka. Nan da nan, gwamnatin Amurka ta janye ladar dala miliyan 10 da ƙasar ta sanya domin a kama shi.

Tun daga wannan lokacin ne ake ci gaba da rage takunkuman da aka ƙaƙaba wa Siriya a ƙaƙshin mulkin Assad. An dakatar da Dokar 'Caesar Act' , kuma Majalisar Dokokin Amurka za ta iya soke ta a cikin sabuwar shekara.

Wani babban abin al'ajabi ya faru ne a watan Nuwamba lokacin da Sharaa ya zama shugaban Syria na farko da ya ziyarci fadar White House.

Ahmed al-Sharaa musulmi ne mai bin aƙidar Sunni wadda ita ce babbar ƙungiyar addini a Syria. Gwamnatinsa ba ta iko da ƙasar baki ɗaya. A shekarar da ta gabata bai samu damar lallashi, ko tilastawa Kurdawa a arewa maso gabas da Druze a kudu su yi ammana mulkin Damascus ba. A bakin teku kuma al'ummar Alawite suna cikin fargaba da tashin hankali.

Alawite ƙungiya ce da ta samo asali daga addinin Shi'a, inda yankinsu ya ke gabar tekun Bahar Rum ta Siriya. Ƴan dangin Assad Alawites ne.

Wanda ya fara kafa gwamnati, mahaifin Bashar, Hafez al-Assad ya gina ikonsa ne a kan ƴan tsirarun Alawite, kusan kashi 10% na al'ummar ƙasar.

Siriya ba za ta farfado ba idan aka ci gaba da kashe-kashe masu nasaba da addini. Dakatar da ɓarkewar tashin hankali a cikin watanni 12 masu zuwa shi ne babban ƙalubalen gwamnati.

Ɗaukar lokaci kafin tabbatar da adalci

Babban haɗari ga 2026 shine maimaita tashe tashen hankula na watan Maris da ya gabata a yankunan Alawite.

A cikin rashin tsaro da ya biyo bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Assad, sabuwar gwamnatin ta yi yunƙurin tabbatar da ikonta a gaɓar tekun Syria inda ta yi kame da dama. Wani bincike da hukumar majalisar ɗinkin duniya OCHCR ta gudanar ya gano cewa "mayaƙa masu goyon bayan gwamnati sun mayar da martani ta hanyar kamawa, kashewa da kuma raunata ɗaruruwan dakarun gwamnatin wucin gadi".

Gwamnatin Damascus ta mayar da martani da mataki mai tsauri, kuma ta rasa iko kan ƙungiyoyin ƴan ta'adda masu ɗauke da makamai waɗanda suka kai jerin munanan hare-hare kan ƴan Alawite.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gano cewa an kashe mutane kusan 1,400 waɗanda galibi fararen hula ne sakamakon kisan kiyashin da ya biyo baya. Yawanci maza ne manya, amma waɗanda abin ya shafa sun haɗa da mata kusan 100, tsofaffi da nakasassu, da kuma yara.

Gwamnatin Sharaa ta ba da haɗin kai ga binciken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Wasu daga cikin dakarunta sun yi nasarar kuɓutar da ƴan Alawite inda ta gurfanar da wasu da cikin waɗanda ake zargi da jagorantar kisan kiyashin a gaban kotu.

Batun Isra'ila

Har yanzu ba a bayyana ko Sharaa da gwamnatinsa na wucin gadi suna da karfin da za su tsira daga wani rikici makamancin wanda ya gabata ba. Isra'ila ta kasance ƙasa ce mai cike da hadari ga Siriyawa.

Bayan hamɓarar da gwamnatin Assad, ƴan Isra'ila sun ƙaddamar da wasu manyan hare-hare ta sama domin lalata abin da ya rage na ƙarfin sojan tsohuwar gwamnatin. Dakarun rundunar sojin Isra'ila sun ci gaba da bazuwa daga yankin tuddan Golan da ta mamaye domin karɓe iko da wasu yankuna na Syria, wanda har yanzu take riƙe da su.

Jami'ai sun jaddada a lokacin cewa Isra'ila na yin aiki ne domin kare lafiyar ƙasarta. Sun ce manufar ita ce a dakatar da makaman da gwamnatin ke riƙe da su ke fadawa hannun da ba su dace ba ko kuma a karkatar da su.

Yunƙurin da Amurka ke yi na ƙulla yarjejeniyar tsaro tsakanin Isra'ila da Siriya ya ci tura cikin watanni biyu ko fiye da haka.

Syria na son komawa kan yarjejeniyar da tun farko Henry Kissinger ya sasanta a lokacin yana sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka a shekarar 1974. Netanyahu na son Isra'ila ta ci gaba da zama a yankunan da ta ƙwace, ya kuma buƙaci Syria ta kwance ɗamarar dakarunta da ke wani yanki mai girman gaske a kudancin Damascus.

A cikin watan da ya gabata Isra'ila ta zafafa kai hare-hare ta ƙasa a Siriya. Jaridar Syria Weekly, wanda ke tattara bayanai kan tashe - tashen hankula, ta yi ƙiyasin adadain hare-haren da ake kai wa sun kai ninki biyu na yadda aka saba gani a sauran watannin shekarar.

Mun ziyarci ƙauyen Beit Jinn da ke kan iyaka, wanda dakarun IDF suka kai wa farmaki a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. Rundunar ta IDF ta ce tana kama ƴan ta'addar Sunni ne da ke shirin kai hare-hare.

Mazauna yankin sun yi yunƙurin kare kansu inda suk raunata wasu ƴan Isra'ila shida yayin da maharan suka tsere, inda suka yi watsi da wata motar soji, wadda daga baya suka lalata da wani hari ta sama. Ƴan Isra'ila sun kashe aƙalla mutanen yankin 13 tare da jikkata wasu da dama, kamar yadda kafafen yaɗa labaran ƙasar suka ruwaito.

Hakan dai ya kasance alamar yadda zai yi wuya a ƙulla yarjejeniyar tsaro tsakanin Siriya da Isra'ila. Gwamnatin Damascus ta kira shi da laifin yaƙi, kuma kiraye-kirayen ɗaukar fansa ya tsananta.

A Washington, alamu sun nuna batun harin ya ci wa Trump tuwo a ƙwarya. Ya wallafa shafinsa na dandalin Truth Social cewa "ya gamsu sosai" da ƙoƙarin Sharaa ke yi na daidaita Siriya.

Ya yi gargadin cewa "yana da matuƙar muhimmanci Isra'ila ta ci gaba da tattaunawa cikin aminci da Siriya, kuma babu wani abu da zai faru da zai kawo cikas ga yunƙurin Syria na komawa ƙasaitaciyar ƙasa mai wadata".

A garin Beit Jinn na haɗu da Khalil Abu Daher a hanyarsa ta dawowa daga asibiti, an daura masa filasta a hannunsa bayan an yi masa tiyatar harbin bindiga. Ya gayyace ni zuwa gidansa da ke kusa da inda ƴan isral'ila suke musanyar wuta da mutanen ƙauyen.

Khalil ya shaida min cewa yana nan tare da iyalansa lokacin da Isra'ilawa suka shiga ƙauyen da ƙarfe 3:30 na safe. Sun yi ƙoƙarin samun wurin da za zu ɓuya.

"Ina cikin gidana tare da ƴaƴana, muna gudu daga wannan ɗaki zuwa wancan, sun harbi ƴaƴana mata guda biyu, an samu ɗaya , daya kuma ta mutu nan take, lokacin da na ɗauke ta, an harbe ni a hannu."

Yarinyar da ta mutu Hiba Abu Daher mai shekaru 17 ce, wadda aka harbe ta a ciki. Sun samu mafaka inji Khalil, tare da gawar Hiba na tsawon sa'o'i biyu kafin a ceto su aka kai su asibiti.

Lokacin da na kai ziyara, ƴar Khalil mai shekara tara tana kwance akan bargo a kan kujera, tana samun sauki daga tiyatar da aka yi mata na cire harsashi daga ƙugunta.