Ikawa ya Kenya irageramiwe mu gihe abarimyi bahanzwe n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe

Mu misozi y'ibirunga itotahaye ya Komothai mu ntara ya Rift Valley muri Kenya, abarimyi nka Simon Macharia bimbura ikawa mu mirima mitomito ikwiragiye ku dusozi.

Hamwe n'abandi barimyi, Macharia aca ajana ibitumbwe vy'ikawa yiwe kw'itonorero rimwegereye, aho babipima ibiro hanyuma bakabitonora, bakanikira ku bitanda vy'ubuyungiro bikwiragiye muri ico kiyaya.

Ngaho, abakozi baca barobanura izo ntete z'ikawa bakurikije ubwiza bwazo, iza mbere zikaba zigenewe amasoko y'i Buraya.

''Ngaha ikawa tuyita inzahabu zirabura,'' niko uwo mugabo afise umurima w'ikawa ungana na hegitari 2,5 yabwiye BBC.

Arima ikawa izwi nka Kenya AA, ikundwa cane kw'isi kubera ubwiza bwayo buri hejuru, kugira intete zivyibushe, kumota neza no kugira akanovera nkak'ivyamwa.

Ikawa irimwa muri iyo misozi itotahaye kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1890, igihe abakoroni b'Abongorereza bayizana.

Ubu, ako karere karabaye rurangiranwa kubera ubwiza n'uburyohe bwihariye bw'ikawa ihava.

Ariko kurima ikawa ni igikorwa kiruhisha cane - kuyibadika, kuyikura imihonyo, kuyibagara, kuyipompa, kuyishiramwo ifumbire (kuyitabira) no kuyamura no kuyijana ku matonorero.

''Ikawa isaba kuyitaho ata gusamara, na cane cane iyo itanguye gushurika'' nk'uko Macaharia avuga.

''Kuva ico gihe gushika umunsi wo kwamura - ayo mezi atandatu, akazi kawe ka minsi yose n'ukuyitaho.''

Igiti c'ikawa gifata igihe kugira gitangure kwinjiza amafaranga, gishobora gufata imyaka ine imbere y'uko gitangura kwama.

Igiciro c'agakombe kamwe c'ikawa i Buraya, kenshi usanga ari ama dorari ane ($4, ni ukuvuga amafaranga y'Uburundi hafi 12.000 ku rugero rwo muri banki) agaragaza ubudasa bweruye iyo uyagereranije n'ayo abarimyi benshi b'ikawa muri Kenya binjiza, aho usanga baronka $2,30 ku munsi (mu mafaranga y'Uburundi ari munsi ya 7.000).

Edita Mwangi, ariko aramura ikawa ku misozi y'inombe (ivu ritukura) ihanamiye aho itonorerwa, aravyemeza.

''Ntibazi ubukene tubamwo. Urita ku rutare ijoro n'umurango kugira ubeho, '' niko avuga.

Mu gihe atunze abana bane, uwo mugore akora iminsi itandatu ku ndwi, akaronka hafi $1,40 (amafarahga y'Uburundi arenga gato 4.000) ku munsi.

Agenda ibirometero 5 kugira ashike aho akora.

Abarimyi babona ko ingene isoko y'ikawa hagati ya Kenya na Buraya - isoko rya mbere nini ry'ikawa kw'isi - imaze imyaka badafise ijambo bayivugako.

Ariko ubu, hari igishasha kiriko kiraza kubuza abarimyi kuronka uburaro n'uburamuko - ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Ibiti vy'ikawa birakarirwa cane n'ihindagurika ry'ubushuhe n'ikirere.

Bikenera kandi ikirere c'akabombera n'imvura nyinshi kugira bikure.

John Murigi, umukuru w'ishirahamwe ry'abarimyi b'ikawa muri Komothai avuga ati: ''Ihindagurika ry'ibihe ni ikibazo gikomeye ku barimyi bacu b'ikawa''. Iryo shirahamwe ryabo, Komothai Coffee Society, ririmwo abarinyi 8.000 nka Macharia.

Imbeho n'imvura igwa nabi bigira ingaruka mbi cane ku biti vy'ikawa, nk'uko Murigi avuga.

Nico catumye ''umwimbu waragabanutse muri iyi myaka iheze''.

Avuga kandi ko ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryongereza ikwirakwira ry'indwara mu biti vy'ikawa.

Murigi avuga ko hongerekanye cane udukoko turya amababi y'ikawa, hamwe n'iyindi ndwara itera ibitumbwe ishobora gutuma hatakara 80% yavyo.

Mu guhangana n'izo ndwara, abarimyi baca bakoresha imiti yo kurwanya ivyatsi bimera mw'ikawa hamwe n'imiti yo kwica udukoko yose ishobora guhumanya ubutaka kandi ikagira ingaruka mbi ku magara.

Kugira bizere kuronka umwimbu mwiza, abarimyi bakoresha imiti irwanya ivyatsi nka Roundup, uwo nawo ukaba urimwo ubumara buzwi ko butera kanseri - umuti wabujijwe mu bihugu bimwe bimwe vya Buraya.

Ikigo kigenzura imiti ikoreshwa mu biterwa muri Kenya, Pest Control Products Board (PCPB), ntaco cishuye BBC igihe yagisaba kugira ico kivuze.

Kuronka ikawa ivuyemwo agakombe kamwe k'ikawa bishobora gutwara amaritiro 140 (140l) y'amazi harimwo n'ayo gutuma ibiti vy'ikawa bikura.

Ariko mu ntara ya Rift Valley imera cane muri Kenya, ubushuhe bwiyongeye n'imvura ihindagurika mu kugwa bituma abarimyi b'ikawa batakironka amazi akwiye.

Umurimyi Joseph Kimani yabwiye BBC ko ''urugero rw'amazi mu nzuzi rwagabanutse cane'' kubera imvura igwa nabi.

Avuga ko kubera ubukene bw'imvura, abarimyi baca bikora ku mazi y'inzuzi gusumba uko bahora.

Ivyo bituma ubukene bw'amazi bwari buhari bwunyuka.

N'ubwo Murigi yemera ko ikoreshwa ry'amazi y'inzuzi ryiyongeye, arahakana ko ari co gituma uruzi ruriko rurakama.

Ariko, ku mashirahamwe 32 y'ikawa muri iyi ntara, amazi atari make biragaragara ko akoreshwa mu kurima no kwimbura ikawa mu ntara ya Kiambu.

Ivyo ntibiba muri Komothia gusa. Mu gihe ubushuhe n'uruzuba biguma vyiyongera kw'isi, bizoguma birushiriza kugora kurima ikawa nziza mu bice vyose vy'isi.

Ahantu ikawa ishobora kurimwa honyene ni ahazwi nka ''coffee belt'', ni igice c'isi kiri hagati y'imirongo izwi nka tropiques iri haruguru no hepfo y'umurongo ugabura isi mu bice bibiri (equateur), ku burebure uja mu kirere (altitude) buri hagati ya 1.000m na 2.000m.

Muri iyi myaka ya vuba, ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryatumye umwimbu w'ikawa ugabanuka hanyuma igiciro c'ikawa kiriyongera kubera uruzuba n'umwimbu mubi mu bihugu vyinshi vyahora vyimbura ikawa cane nka Brezil na Vietnam.

Amatohoza ya Fairtrade International, ikigo gikurikirana icuruzwa ry'ikawa, casanze 93% y'abarimyi b'ikawa muri Kenya baja bamaze kubona ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Igisata c'ikawa muri Kenya ni isoko rikomeye ry'akazi, gikoramwo abantu bagereranywa mu 150.000.

Kugira bakingire ico gisata, abarimyi b'ikawa mu turere nka Komothai bariko baragerageza ubuhinga bwo gupfuphahaza canke kuzibira ingaruka z'iryo hindagurika, nko gutera ibiti vyokwongerereza igitutu imirima y'ikawa.

Murigi avuga ko ugushobora guhangana n'izi ngaruka z'ihidangurika ry'ibihe n'ubutunzi ari vyo vyonyene bizofasha abarimyi b'ikawa muri Kenya kuronka kazoza karama.

Ariko abarimyi b'ikawa nka Macharia barihebuye kuri kazoza k'ico gisata.

''Ubu, uko ibintu bimeze, sinibaza ko hari umuvyeyi ashaka ko abana biwe ngaha boza kurima ikawa,'' niko yavuze.