Urutonde rw'ibintu 10 by'ingenzi byagize uruhare mu makuru ku rwego mpuzamahanga muri 2025

Mu gihe umwaka wa 2025 waraye urangiye , BBC News Africa yatoranyije ibintu 10 byabaye binyuze muri iyi nkuru twabateguriye.

Turabagezaho incamake y'urutonde rw'ibintu 10 bikuru bikuru byabaye mu mwaka urangiye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2025.

1. Donald Trump yarahiriye kuyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika ku nshuro ya 47

Donald Trump kumugaragaro yabaye perezida wa 47 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika tariki ya 20 ukwezi kwa Mbere,umuhango wo kurahira wabereye muri Capitol i Washington.

Saa sita z'amanywa, ku isaha ya Washington (5:00 GMT), perezida wa 47 w'igihugu cya mbere gikomeye ku isi yarahiriye, asimbuye Joe Biden, Umudemokarate.

Ku myaka 78, uyu muherwe w'umu repubulikani yarahiriye kuyobora Amerika mu cyumba cya Capitol i Washington mu muhango wo kurahira, wimuriwe muri iyi nzu kubera ubukonje bukabije.

Imbere y'abahoze ari abaperezida Clinton, Bush, Obama na Biden, yarahiriye kubahiriza Itegeko Nshinga, aba perezida w'Amerika wa mbere ukuze kurusha abandi bose basubiye ku butegetsi, nyuma ya manda ye ya mbere muri White House kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2021.

Nyuma yo kurahira, Donald Trump yavuze ijambo rikomeye, agaragaza imiterere ya manda ye iri imbere. Yagize ati: "Gusubira inyuma kwa Amerika birarangiye."

Mu ijambo rye rya mbere nk'umukuru w'igihugu yagize ati: "Ku ya 20 Mutarama (1) 2025 ni umunsi wo kwibohora," kandi yavuze ko azasinya amabwiriza y'ubutegetsi kugira ngo atangire icyo yise "Igihe cya Zahabu cya Amerika."

2. Guhagarika ibitero bya Isiraheli n'ibitero byo ku butaka muri Gaza.

Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi by'ituze, intambara yo muri Gaza yongeye gukomera. Ku ya 18 Werurwe (3) 2025, Isiraheli yagabye ibitero bikomeye by'indege hamwe n'ibitero byagutse byo ku butaka mu gace k'Abanyapalestina.

Uku kongera gutangira kw'imirwano byahise byongera imirwano ndetse birushaho kuba bibi mu buzima busanzwe bw'ikiremwamuntu.

Imirwa mikuru myinshi y'Abarabu n'iy'Uburayi yamaganye "izamuka ry'imirwano riteye ubwoba" inasaba ko imirwano yahagarara vuba.

Ku ya 31 Werurwe, Minisitiri w'Intebe wa Isiraheli Benjamin Netanyahu yasabye Hamas gushyira intwaro hasi, yizeza abayobozi bayo ko bashobora kuva mu gace ka Gaza.

Kuri uwo munsi, igitero cy'indege cya Isiraheli cyagabwe ku nzu n'ihema byari bicumbikiye abantu bakuwe mu byabo i Khan Younis, mu majyepfo ya Gaza, gihitana abantu umunani, barimo abana batanu, nk'uko bivugwa na Mahmoud Bassal, umuvugizi w'inzego z'ubutabazi. Iki gitero cyabaye ku munsi wa mbere wa Eid al-Fitr, cyongera ihungabana abaturage bahuye na ryo.

Mu rwego rwo kwihorera ku gitero cyo ku ya 7 Ukwakira (10) 2023, Isiraheli yarahiye "gusenya Hamas" kandi kuva icyo gihe yakomeje gukora ibitero binini muri ako gace.

Ibikorwa bya gisirikare byahitanye abantu barenga 50.277 muri Gaza, biganjemo abasivili, nk'uko Minisiteri y'Ubuzima iyobowe na Hamas ibivuga, imibare ifatwa nk'iyemewe na Loni.

Iyi ntambara yashyize abaturage ba Gaza miliyoni 2.4 mu kaga k'ubutabazi katigeze kabaho.

3. Urupfu rwa Papa Francis agasimburwa na Papa mushya, Robert Prevostis, kw'izina ry'ubupapa rya Léon XIV/Leo XIV

Papa Francis yapfuye ku wa mbere wa Pasika tariki ya 21 Mata (4) muri 2025 ku myaka 88 aho yaratuye mu rugo rwa Mutagatifu Marthe muri Vatican bitewe no guhagarara k'umutima, urupfu rwabaye nyuma y'igihe kinini ubuzima butameze neza bitewe n'indwara y'umusonga.

Vatikani yatangaje urupfu rwe saa tatu za mu gitondo ( 09h45), umunsi umwe nyuma y'uko atanze ubutumwa bwe bwa Pasika.

"Saa moya n'iminota mirongo itatu n'itanu za mu gitondo (ku isaha yo mu gace), Musenyeri wa Roma, Francis, yasubiye mu nzu ya Data. Ubuzima bwe bwose yabuhariye umurimo w'Umwami na Kiliziya ye," ibi byatangajwe n'Umunyacyubahiro Karidinali Farrell n'agahinda.

Francis yashyinguwe ku wa gatandatu, tariki ya 26 Mata, muri kiliziya ye yakundaga cyane i Roma, nyuma yo kwakirwa n'abayoboke barenga 400.000 mu muhango wo kumushyingura no mu misa ikomeye yabereye mu kibuga cya Mutagatifu Petero.

Uyu muhango warimo abakaridinali 255 n'abepiskopi n'abapadiri 750, abakuru b'ibihugu na za guverinoma, abakuru b'imiryango, n'abanyacyubahiro b'andi madini.

Habemus Papam!

Abakaridinali bahisemo Umunyamerika Robert Prevost gusimbura Francis.

Yahawe izina Papa Leo XIV.

Ku myaka 69, ni we munyamerika wa mbere wabaye Papa kandi azayobora abagize umuryango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi babarirwa muri miliyari 1.4.

Yavukiye i Chicago, afatwa nk'uwazanye impinduka kandi yakoze imyaka myinshi nk'umumisiyoneri muri Peru mbere yo kugirwa Umwepisikopi mukuru.

Afite kandi ubwenegihugu bwa Peru kandi yibukwa nk'umuntu wakoranye n'imiryango y'abatishoboye kandi agafasha kubaka ibiraro muri Kiliziya yo muri ako gace.

Mu magambo ye ya mbere ari Papa, Leo XIV avuga ku wo yasimbuye, Francis yagize ati: "Turacyashobora kumva mu matwi yacu ijwi rito ariko rihora rituje rya Papa Francis, waduhaye umugisha."

4. Ikipe ya PSG yatwaye igikombe ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka Shampiyona ya Champions League, naho Ousmane Dembélé yegukana Ballon d'Or

Ku ya 31 Gicurasi (5) 2025, PSG yegukanye igikombe cya Champions League ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka yayo, itsinze Inter Milan ibitego 5-0 ku mukino wa nyuma wabereye i Munich. Iki gikomeje ni intsinzi nini cyane mu mukino wa nyuma wa Champions League.

Bityo, iyi kipe yo mu mujyi wa Paris yabaye ikipe ya kabiri y'Abafaransa yegukanye iki gikombe cy'icyubahiro mu Burayi, nyuma y'imyaka 32 Olympique de Marseille (OM) yegukanye iki gikombe mu 1993.

Ku ya 22 Nzeri (9), Ousmane Dembélé, umukinnyi wa Paris Saint-Germain, yegukanye umupira we wa mbere wa Ballon d'Or nyuma y'umwaka udasanzwe mu ikipe ye, aho yatwaye hafi ya byose.

Uyu rutahizamu w'Umufaransa w'imyaka 28, wegukanye igikombe cy'isi cya 2018, yabaye uwa gatandatu wegukanye Ballon d'Or mu Bufaransa nyuma ya Raymond Kopa, Michel Platini, Jean-Pierre Papin, Zinedine Zidane, na Karim Benzema.

Ousmane Dembélé yatsinze ibitego 35 anatanga imipira 16 mu mikino 53 yemewe umwaka ushize w'imikino, kandi yatsinze ibitego 14 (ibitego 8, imipira 6) mu mikino 15 ya Champions League.

Yatsinze ibitego byinshi muri Ligue 1 n'ibitego 21, anahabwa umwanya wa mbere mu ikipe ya Ligue 1 n'umukinnyi w'umwaka muri Champions League.

Dembélé yaje imbere ya Lamine Yamal ukiri muto wa Barcelona na mugenzi we wo muri Portugal Vitinha.

5. Ibitero bya Isiraheli kuri Qatar

Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n'ingabo za Isirayeli ku ya 9 Nzeri, Isiraheli yatangaje ko yagabye igitero cyibasiye abayobozi bakuru ba Hamas i Doha, umurwa mukuru wa Qatar.

Iki gitero cyibasiye "abagize uruhare rutaziguye mu bwicanyi bukabije bwo ku ya 7 Ukwakira [10]" muri Isirayeli.

Iri tangazo ryatangajwe nyuma y'iminota mike hatangajwe ibitero byateye guturika ku murwa mukuru wa Qatar.

Hamas ivuga ko abantu batandatu aribo bapfuye mu bitero byagabwe na Isiraheli, ariko ko nta n'umwe mu ntumwa ze mu biganiro.

Qatar imaze igihe ihuza Isirayeli na Hamas kandi yayoboye ibiganiro hagati y'impande zombi kuva mukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe muri 2023.

Nyuma y'iminota mike ibitero bigabwe, Qatar yamaganye iki gikorwa cyateje uburakari ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Emmanuel Macron yavuze ko ibi bitero "bitemewe," mu gihe Donald Trump yemeye ko "yiyumvaga nabi cyane."

Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump yagize ati: "Qatar yabaye inshuti y'agaciro. Isiraheli n'ibindi bihugu byose bigomba kwitonda. Iyo twibasira abantu, tugomba kwitonda."

6. Impanuka y'indege Boeing 787 ya kompanyi Air India

Ku ya 12 Kamena 2025, saa saba n'iminota mirongo ine z'umugoroba ku isaha yo muri ako gace, indege ya Air India Flight 171, Boeing 787, yaguye nyuma gato yo guhaguruka ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel mu burengerazuba bw'u Buhinde.

Indege ya Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner yahagurutse i Ahmedabad saa saba n'iminota mirongo itatu n'umunani z'umugoroba ku isaha yo muri ako karere, yerekeza ku kibuga cy'indege cya Gatwick, kimwe mu bibuga by'indege bikorera mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza.

Air India yavuze ko "indege ya AI171, ikorera ingendo hagati ya Ahmedabad na London Gatwick, yakoze impanuka."

Ubwo yagwaga, abantu 242 bari mu ndege ya Air India Boeing 787. Mu bagenzi harimo 169 b'Abahinde, 53 b'Abongereza, umwe w'Umunyakanada, n'abandi barindwi b'Abanyaporutugali. Abana cumi n'umwe bari muri iyo ndege.

Abaturage 19 bari batuye muri uyu mujyi nabo barapfuye ubwo indege yaturikiraga hasi mu muriro ukabije hejuru y'igice cy'umujyi.

Muri raporo y'ibanze yasohotse muri Nyakanga (7), Ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku mpanuka z'indege mu Buhinde ryagaragaje ko lisansi ya moteri ebyiri z'indege yahagaze nyuma gato yo guhaguruka. Uku guhagarara kwatumye ingufu zibura mu buryo butunguranye.

Muri raporo y'ibanze yasohotse mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, Ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku mpanuka z'indege mu Buhinde ryagaragaje ko lisansi ya moteri ebyiri z'indege yahagaze nyuma gato yo guhaguruka. Uku guhagarara kwatumye ingufu zibura mu buryo butunguranye.

7. María Corina Machado yatwaye Igihembo cy'amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel 2025

María Coria Machado, umuyobozi w'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi muri Venezuwela akaba n'umurwanashyaka uharanira demokarasi, yahawe igihembo cy'amahoro cya Nobel cyo mu 2025.

Machado w'imyaka 58 yashimwe na Komite ya Nobel nk' "imwe mu ngero zidasanzwe z'ubutwari bw'abaturage muri Amerika y'Epfo mu bihe bya vuba aha", kandi yashimwe "ku by'umurimo we udacogora wo gushyigikira uburenganzira bwa demokarasi bw'abaturage ba Venezuwela.

Mu myaka myinshi, yagaragaye arwanya Perezida wa Venezuwela Nicolás Maduro Moros, mu myaka 12 ubutegetsi bwa Maduro bufatwa n'ibihugu byinshi nk'ubutubahiriza amategeko.

Mu bari ku rutonde bagombaga guhabwa iki gihembo, harimo Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump, utaragize ibanga ry'icyifuzo cye cyo guhabwa iki gihembo cy'icyubahiro kandi watangaje byinshi ku ntambara zirindwi avuga ko zarangiye.

Machado, wahatiwe kubaho mu bwihisho igihe kinini cy'umwaka wa 2024, yahawe igihembo kubera "guharanira impinduka nziza kandi mu mahoro kuva ku butegetsi bw'igitugu kugera kuri demokarasi," nk'uko byatangajwe na Perezida wa Komite ya Nobel, Jørgen Watne Frydnes.

Yongeyeho ati: "Yabaye umuntu w'ingenzi kandi uhuza abantu mu ishyaka rya politiki ryari risanzwe ritavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi ... muri leta y'igitugu ubu irimo guhura n'ibibazo by'ihungabana ry'ubukungu."

Yakomeje agira ati: "Nubwo ubuzima bwe bwari mu kaga gakomeye, yakomeje kuba mu gihugu, amahitamo yafashije abantu benshi."

8. Ubujura bw'imirimbo ifite agaciro mu nzu ndangamurage ya Louvre

Tariki ya 19 Ukwakira, abajura bitwikiriye isura binjiye muri Louvre, biba Imirimbo mu nzu ndangamurage ya Louvre i Paris ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 88 z'ama-euros (miliyari hafi 150 Frw), harimo n'agatambaro kari gafite diyama, hanyuma bahunga bari kuri moto mu minota itarenze umunani.

Iki gikorwa cyatangaje abantu ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Kugeza ubu, abakekwaho icyaha benshi batawe muri yombi, ariko ibyibwe ntibiraboneka.

Abajura bahageze ahagana saa cyenda n'igice za mu gitondo ku cyumweru mu gitondo bari mu ikamyo igenda ifite agakoresho kagaragara ko kadafite ikimenyetso, bakoreshaga kugira ngo binjire muri balkoni yo hejuru.

Biyoberanyije nk'abakozi b'ubwubatsi (bambaye amakoti yo kwikingira), bafunguye idirishya ku ngufu, bakoresha ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bace ibirahuri by'amadirishya, hanyuma bakuramo imitako mbere yo gusohoka bakagenda na scooter.

Mu mitako y'agaciro yibwe harimo umukufi wa diyama wa emerald Napoleon yahaye Umwamikazi Marie-Louise, ikamba rikomeye ryari iry'Umwamikazi Eugénie, n'ibindi bice by'abakire b'Abafaransa bo mu kinyejana cya 19.

Ubu bujura ni bwo bujura bwa mbere bukomeye bwabaye i Louvre mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo; ubujura bukomeye bw'umutungo w'ubuhanzi bwaherukaga mu 1998.

Mu byumweru byakurikiyeho ubujura, abashinzwe iperereza bataye muri yombi abantu benshi bakekwaho icyaha. Muri rusange, abantu barindwi cyangwa umunani bafashwe mu ifungwa nk'igice cy'iperereza.

Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 2025, polisi yatangaje ko yataye muri yombi umuntu wa kane w'agatsiko k'abagizi ba nabi. Muri iri fatwa, abashinzwe iperereza bemeza ko bafashe itsinda ryose ryakoze ubu bujura.

9. COP 30 i Belém: Inama yiga ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere

Inama y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ishinzwe imihindagurikire y'ikirere (COP30) yabereye i Belém muri Brezili mu Gushyingo (11) 2025, yasojwe n'ibisubizo bitandukanye: intambwe igaragara mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'imari, ariko irimo kunanirwa kwemeza amasezerano y'ingenzi yo kugabanya ibikomoka kuri peteroli no guhagarika gutema amashyamba, ibintu bibiri byafatwaga nk'ibyi ingenzi n'umuryango w'abahanga mu bya siyansi kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bw'isi.

Iyi nama ya COP30 yatumye habaho "Belém Package," amasezerano y'ingenzi yasinywe n'ibihugu 195 byiyemeje gutera inkunga gahunda yo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere inshuro eshatu mu 2035 no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'ibidukikije.

Iyi nyandiko kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'ibidukikije kandi itangiza imirimo yo guhuza ibikorwa byo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, n'imicungire y'ubutaka.

Ariko, inyandiko ya nyuma ntabwo irimo gahunda y'ingenzi yo guhagarika ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa guhagarika gutema amashyamba, inzitizi yamaganywe n'imiryango myinshi itegamiye kuri leta n'abahanga mu bya siyansi.

Nk'uko Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije (UNEP) ribivuga, ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bizakenera hagati ya miliyari 310 na miliyari 365 z'amadolari buri mwaka kugira ngo bihuzwe n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu 2035, amafaranga menshi cyane kurusha ayo biri gukoresha ubu. Nubwo COP30 yihaye intego yo gufasha mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere inshuro eshatu, imbaraga ziracyari munsi cyane y'ibikenewe.

10. Inama ya G20: Iya mbere mu mateka ibereye ku butaka bwa Afurika

Mu Gushyingo, Johannesburg yakiriye inama y'amateka ya G20: ku nshuro ya mbere, abayobozi b'ibihugu bikomeye ku isi bahuriye ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Insanganyamatsiko y'iyi nama yari "Ubufatanye, Uburinganire, Kuramba," yari igamije kugaragaza igisubizo rusange ku macakubiri mu bukungu, amahane ya politiki, n'ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere isi ihanganye na cyo.

Uretse kuba ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi, iyi nama yagaragaje iterambere rya dipolomasi ry'uyu mugabane, ubu ukaba ari ingenzi mu biganiro mpaka ku mpinduka mu bijyanye n'ingufu, imiyoborere y'imari ku isi n'udushya.

Ariko, iyi ntambwe yateshejwe agaciro n'icyemezo cya Amerika cyo kwanga kwitabira iyi nama, cyateje ikibazo gikomeye ku bijyanye n'imihigo yashyizweho.

Kubura kwa Washington kwagaragaje ko ibihugu byinshi bikomeje kutumvikana kandi byanabaye urwibutso rw'amakimbirane akomeje hagati y'ibihugu bikomeye.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, iyi nama yashimwe nk'intambwe ikomeye mu kuvugurura ubufatanye ku isi, cyane cyane ko yashyize imbere ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu nsanganyamatsiko: imari ishingiye ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere, kugabanya imyenda, ubusugire bw'ingufu no kongera kuringaniza ubucuruzi.