Ibintu bitanu womenya ku ntambara ibera mu buseruko bwa DR Congo

Niwaba uriko urasoma ibi kuri terefone yawe canke ku nyabwonko ngendanwa 'laptop', fata akanya ko kwiyumvira ibintu zikozwemwo bituma uguma unyereza intoke uriko urasoma.

Ushobora gukoresha terefone yawe kubera ubutare bwitwa Coltan bukoreshwa mu guhingura ibikoresho vya 'Electronique'.

Ibice vyoba bishika 60% vya Coltan iri kw'isi, biri muri Republika ya Demokrasi ya Congo, kandi bwinshi muri ubwo butare buva mu buseruko bw'iki gihugu - mu ntara za Kivu.

Kubera iki ibi bihambaye?

Ubuseruko bwa DR Congo buriko buraberamwo intambara ikomeye hagati y'umuhari uzwi kw'izina rya M23 n'ingabo za reta.

Kuva mu kw'icumi 2023, abantu barenga imiriyoni 2.5 barataye izabo abandi amajana n'amajana barapfa, mu gihe iyo ntambara ibandanya kugeramira umutekano w'akarere.

Twashitse aho bigenze gute?

Kuva mu myaka hafi mirongo itatu iheze, ubuseruko bwa DR Congo butunze ubutare bwinshi burangwamwo umutekano muke bivuye ku ngorane za poritike, intambara ziturutse ku butunzi kama n'amoko.

Iyi ntambara y'ubu hagati ya M23 na reta yatanguye mu 2012.

Uwo mugwi wakuye iryo zina ku masezerano y'amahoro yo kw'itariki 23 z'ukwezi kwa Ntwarante (3) 2009, yarangije intambara yabaye hagati ya 2006 na 2009.

M23 ivuga ko yafashe ibigwanisho kubera ko reta yananiwe gushira mu ngiro ayo masezerano. Abagwanyi bavuga ko bafashe ibigwanisho kuko bakumirwa muri poritike no kudaha ibibanza mu burongozi inkehwa z'Abatutsi mu karere.

Uwo mugwi witwaje ibigwanisho urongowe n'Abatutsi warigaruriye vyihuse uturere twinshi mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru, harimwo umugwa mukuru, Goma. Mu 2013, barigaruriye ico gisagara mu kiringo c'imisi 10 imbere yo kukivamwo kubera igitsure c'amakungu.

Baremeye guhagarika intambara no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe ariko mu 2021, basubiye gufata ibigwanisho bavuga ko reta itashize mu ngiro ivyo yemeye.

Aho intambara iheruka gusutama ni mu gisagara ca Sake kiri ku birometero 25 mu buraruko bushira uburengero bwa Goma.

Reta ya DR Congo yagumye yagiriza ibihugu bibanyi, cane cane Urwanda, gufata mu mugongo abagwanyi ba M23 mu buryo bweruye canke ku ruyeri, ivyo Urwanda ruguma ruhakana.

Ni bande bayifisemwo uruhara?

Iyi ntambara iheruka yatumye haba itana mu mitwe hagati y'abagwanyi ba M23 n'ingabo za reta zifashwe mu mugongo n'imigwi yitwaje ibigwanisho.

Ingabo za reta kandi zifashwa n'ishirahamwe ry'ubutunzi rihurikiyemwo ibihugu vyo mu bumanuko bwa Afrika, SADC, hamwe n'Uburundi.

SADC yasubriye ingabo z'akarere ka Afrika y'ubuseruko, EACRF, zavuye mu buseruko bwa DR Congo muri Kigarama (12), inyuma y'umwaka umwe gusa zigiyeyo.

Prezida wa DR Congo Felix Tshisekedi, ubu ari mu kiringo ciwe kigira kabiri, yariyemeje gutuza abo bagwanyi no gukingira ubusugire bw'igihugu.

Ariko utwigoro tw'ingabo za reta twagiye duhura n'inguvu, ibigwanisho bigezweho n'ukwitunganya neza kw'abagwanyi ba M23, ivyatumye intambara iba ndende yongera ituma abasivire bahababarira cane.

Kubera iki Goma ihambaye?

Goma n'igisagara ca gatatu mu bunini muri Republika ya Demokrasi ya Congo ikaba n'umugwa mukuru w'intara ya Kivu ya Ruguru.

Hampande y'uko ako karere gafise ubutare bwinshi bwa Coltan, ubuseruko bwa DR Congo burafise ubutare bw'inzahabu na étain/tin. Haheze igihe kirekire ubwo butare ari intandaro y'imishamirano hagati y'imigwi myinshi yitwaje ibigwanisho igwanira kuhagenzura, yirengagije igitsure c'amakungu n'amasezerano y'amahoro bifise intumbero yo gutorera inyishu iyo ntambara.

Akarere k'ubuseruko bwa Congo kandi gafise akamaro kanini ku rwego mpuzamakungu n'akarere.

Ako karere gakoreshwa nk'agace gakomeye gacamwo ibidandazwa n'imfashanyo. Ikibanza Goma irimwo ku rubibe rw'Urwanda bituma kiba ikibanza gihambaye ku buragamo n'umutekano vy'akarere.

Ni ho hari icicaro gihambaye c'abasirikare ba Onu, hakaba hahurumbirwa n'abakora urudandaza, amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu n'ibiro nserukirabiguhu (consulats).

Kugenzura Goma bifise ikibanza gikomeye mu kugenzura ibibera muri ako karere kose. Uwogenzura Goma wese, ashobora kugira uruhara muri politike n'ubutunzi mu karere kose ka Afrika y'ibiyaga binini.

N'izihe ngaruka kuri kiremwamuntu?

Uko ibintu vyifashe mu buseruko bwa Congo bigenda vyunyuka vyihuse kubera intambara ibandanya. Abasivire ibihumbi n'ibihumbi barateshejwe izabo, bahungira mu makambi y'abateshejwe izabo yuzuyemwo abantu benshi canke mu bihugu bibanyi.

Onu ivuga ko abateshejwe izabo muri Congo bashobora kuba bashika imiriyoni 6.9.

Abagwanyi kandi barazibiye amabarabara makuru abiri aja i Goma ava mu buraruko no mu buseruko, bikabuza ko hari ibintu vyinjira muri ico gisagara.

Amashirahamwe atanga imfashanyo aragabisha ko ibintu bishobora kwunyuka, mu gihe ibintu vya nkenerwa bisigaye ari bike nk'imfungurwa, amazi hamwe n'ivyerekeye amagara y'abantu, bigatuma abanyagihugu basanzwe bababara gusumba.

Cynthia Jones arongoye igisata c'ubutabazi mw'ishirahamwe PAM mu buseruko bwa Congo agira ati: "Uburyo bwo kwibeshaho bwarahungabanijwe kandi ibura ry'ibifungurwa ryari risanzwe riteye umutima uhagaze vyitezwe ko ryunyuka gusumba ku rugero rwo hejuru - bisigura ko dushobora kwitega abashobora gupfa.

"Bizokwunyura ingorane zijanye no gukingira abanyagihugu hamwe n'ikibazo c'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina gihanze abagore, abakobwa n'abahungu."

Inzira y'amahoro?

Gushika ku mahoro arama i Goma bisaba gutorera inyishu umuzi w'icateye iyo ntambara. Ibi na vyo ni gukumirwa muri poritike, amoko n'ukunanirwa kwa reta gushira mu bikorwa amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara.

Amasezerano ya poritike yatumye M23 iva mu gisagara ca Goma mu myaka 10 iheze, ntiyigeze ashirwa mu ngiro yose, hanyuma n'amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara yagiye arageragezwa yagiye ararengwako, impande zibiri zikaguma zitanako amakosa.

Abagwanyi ba M23 basaba kwinjizwa mu gisirikare ca reta no kwemererwa gukora nk'umugambwe.

Bagumye bavuga ko bashaka kugiriranira ibiganiro na reta ya Kinshasa ariko prezida Tshisekedi yavuze ko reta idashaka ibiganiro.

Ikindi kandi, uruhara rw'akarere ni ntangere mu gushika ku masezerano y'amahoro aramye. Ibihugu bibanyi - bitizeranye- bitegerezwa gukorana kugira zibuze ko haba izindi nteko zivuye hanze zija kwisuka muri ico kibazo, bikanashigikira utwigoro two kugarukana ituze mu karere.

Intambara y'i Goma n'uruvangatirane rw'ibintu vya kahise, intambara ifatiye ku butunzi kama, imishamirano ifatiye ku moko n'inyungu z'ibihugu vyo mu karere. Gutahura ibi bintu nyamukuru ni nkenerwa mu kuja mu nzira y'amahoro n'ituze muri kamwe mu turere turangwamwo indyane muri Afrika.