Ubucakara: Imbabazi zisabwa n'Ubuholande zacanishijemwo abanyagihugu

Vyitezwe ko Ubuholande busaba imbabazi ku bucakara, biciye mw’ijambo riza gushikirizwa n’umushikiranganji wa mbere ari kumwe n’abandi bashikiranganji mu rugendo barimwo muri Caraibes na Suriname kuri uno wa mbere.

Ariko hari abanegura itariki iki gikorwa kiberako n’uburyo itangazo ryateguwe, ibi bikerekana ko ivyo Mark Rutte yateguye kuvuga bitaramenyekana.

Abamunegura bavuga ko hatabaye uguhanuza guhagije, bakavuga ko uravye ingene vyemejwe n’inama y’abashikiranganji y’Ubuholande harimwo “agatima k’ubukoloni”.

Amashirahamwe atandatu yo muri Suriname yasavye sentare ko yigiza imbere iyi ngingo yo gusaba imbabazi gushika ku wa 01 Mukakaro (7) 2023, itariki izohimbarizwako imyaka 150 izoba irangiye ubucakara buciwe mu bihugu vyahoze bitwarwa gikoloni n’Ubuholande.

DJ Etienne Wix, arongoye iradiyo mArt iri mu mashirahamwe asaba ko hagenwa itariki yindi, avuga ati: "Nimba hari ivyo gusaba imbabazi, bikwiye kuba ku wa 01 Mukakaro, itariki y’ubwigenge bwacu, igihe badukurako iminyororo”.

Abanyafrika n’abanya-Asia barenga 600.000 baragurishijwe mu nzira ya magendo n’abacuruzi b’abanya-Holande hagati y’ibinjana vya 17 na 19.

Abagabo, abagore n’abana batwawe mu bucakara bakoreshejwe ku nguvu mu mirima y’ibikaju, ikawa n’itabi, mu kwimba ubutare abandi nabo bagirwa abacakara bo mu nzu “mw’isi nshasha”, ibihugu bwatwarwa gikoloni muri Amerika no mu mazinga ya Caraibes.

Barakorewe amabi atagira izina yo ku mubiri, ku mutima n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Amafaranga yavuye muri iri koreshwa ry’ubugome yateje imbere ubwamwi bw’Ubuholande anagira uruhara mu kizwi nk’ “igihe c’inzahabu (Age d’Or/ Golden Age ), igihe caranzwe n’iduga ry’ubutunzi rikomeye mu kinjana ca 17 ari naho Ubuholande bwateye imbere cane mu rwego rw’ubuhinga n’imico.

Mu ntara ya Holland yonyene iri mu burengero, icigwa c’ikigo c’Ubuholande kijejwe ubushakashatsi, Dutch Research Council, cerekana ko ibice 40% vy’iduga ry’ubutunzi hagati ya 1730 na 1780 vyavuye ku bucakara.

"Ubuholande ni kimwe mu bihugu vya Bulaya bifise uruhara mu bucakara”, bivugwa na Pepijn Brandon, umwigisha wa kaminuza kuri kahise k’utunzi n’imibereho kw’ishure kaminuza Free University of Amsterdam, ari nawe yasohoye ubu bushakashatsi.

Abona ko mu myaka cumi iheze habaye impinduka ku kungene abanyagihugu batahura ubucakara bwakozwe n’Ubuholande, aho babona ko ubukoloni n’ubucakara vyari vyo shingiro ry’Ubuholande nk’igihugu cari imbere y’ibindi vyose mu bucuruzi kw’isi.

Avuga kandi ko ukungene iki kibazo citaweho mu binyamakuru no mu mashure vyerekana ko ubu ikibazo gifatwa mu buryo butandukanye cane.

Quinsy Gario ni umwe mu baharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, avuga ati: "Abantu hafi bose babona ko Igihe c’Inzahabu ari ijambo ribi, rero ikibazo nyamukuru si amajambo. Nimba utahura ko Igihe c’Inzahabu kitakiri ic’inzahabu, none vyosigura iki kurondera kugorora ivyononekaye, ivyubatswe ico gihe”?

Ico rero, nk’uko abivuga, nico categerezwa kuba intango yo gusaba imbabazi.

Urwikekwe rw’iki gihe

Imigambi yo gusaba imbabazi ije inyuma y’indwi hasohotse icegeranyo kivuga ko abantu bo mu bushikiranganji bw’imigenderanire y’Ubuholande babwirwa amajambo y’ivanguraruhu, mbere bamwe muri bo bakaba bashizwe ku ruhande mw’itangwa ry’ibibanza vyisumbuye kubera ibara ry’urukoba rwabo canke ubwoko bwabo.

Muri ico gisata nyene, ibihugu vya Afrika vyiswe “ibihugu vy’inguge” mu butumwa bahanahana hagati muri bo.

Vyabaye ngombwa ko ubu bushikiranganji buca busaba imbabazi, aho Wopke Hoekstra yemeye ko iki cegeranyo gishobora gutuma isura y’igihugu icafuka mu makungu.

Ubuholande buragirizwa ko bubandanya kandi bugakoresha ku mugaragaro ivanguraruhu mu bikorwa vyabwo.

Mu 2020, Tendayi Achiume, yaserukira ishirahamwe ONU mu gikorwa co kurwanya ivaguraruhu, yasanze ko ukwihanganira agakengere kwarazingamika utwigoro two kurwanya ikumira n’ivanguraruhu mu gipolisi c’Ubuholande.

Abanyagihugu bamuka ku bimukira bafise amazu matoya, bakaba abantu batize cane kandi badafise n’amikoro, babayeho nabi, nk’uko ikigo Statistics Netherlands kibitangaza.

Prof Brandon asigura ati: "Abimukira bafatwa nk’abanyagihugu bo hasi kuva bakiri bato. Ibi bisigura ko baba batandukanye kuva bacaruka. Rero, uyu musi biragaragara neza ko ivanguraruhu ari ryo ntandaro y’ubucakara”.

Umunya-Suriname akomoka mu Buholande avuga ati: "Turakunze kwibwira ko twihangana. Turahimbarwa n'uku kwihangana, ariko ukwihangana kuvuga ukwemera ikintu utishimira, uko niko tuvyumva, si ukuvuga ko dukundwa, turihanganirwa gusa”.

Quinsy Gario yatanguje umuhari "Black Pete is racism", mu ntumbero yo kwiyamiriza umuco kama uzwi nka Sinterklaas, umuco gushika mu myaka mike iheze, wari ugizwe n’imigirwa y’abazungu bigira abirabure mu bikino vyabo bakiyita Zwarte Piet – canke Black Pete. Ni ukuvuga Pete yirabura.

Abona ko iyi ngendo ikibaho gushika ubu mu Buholande. Afatira ku kibazo c’amafaranga agenewe abana mu Buholande, aho ikigo kijejwe kwegeranya amakori cagiye guhinyurwa ko ciruka ku miryango ifise inkomoko y’abimukira kibategeka gutanga amafaranga batategerezwa gutanga.

Arafatira kandi no mu buserukizi bw’Ubuholande mu nzego zijejwe imigenderanire, aho avuga ko ari “abantu b’umuhondo, b’amaso y’ubururu”.

Kwemera akabi no gutanga indishi?

Hampande yo gusaba imbabazi, reta y’Ubuholande yemeye gutanga imiriyoni 200 z’ama-euro mu migambi yo kwigisha abantu yemera kandi no kurekura imiriyoni 27 z’ama-euro yo kwubaka inzu ndangamurage ku bucakara.

Hafi 70% vy’abanya-Afrika mu Buholande bakomoka muri Caraibes, bose bakaba bamuka ku bacakara, babona ko gusaba imbabazi ari ikintu gikomeye. Ariko n’aho biri uko, hafi inusu y’abanyagihugu b’Ubuholande ntibashigikiye uku gusaba imbabazi, mu gihe 38% bayishigikiye, nk’uko biri mu cigwa c’ikigo I&O Research.

Bamwe bafise impungenge ku buryo bushobora gusabwa kuri izi ndishi; abandi nabo bakavuga ko atari bo canke basekuru babo bagize abantu abacakara canke ngo bungukire mu bukoloni, abo rero bakaba biyamiriza ivyo gusaba imbabazi mu kivunga.

Linda Nooitmeer, umukuru w’ikigo National Institute for the Study of Dutch Slavery and its legacy, afise uruhara mu biganiro. Avuga ko imbabazi zituma abantu baraba kazoza bakiyumvira intambwe ikurikira.

Avuga ati: "Ibikwiye kwibandwako ni uburyo dushobora gusanasana, uburyo twosanura ibintu vyose vyasambuwe, atari mu bihugu vyahoze bitwarwa giloloni vyonyene, ariko kandi na hano mu Buholande”.

Avuga kandi ko igituma ikibazo co gusaba imbabazi kiriko kiraharirwako ari uko ubuzima bw’inkehwa buri kw’isonga mu migambi y’Ubuholande.

Ati: "Bisigura ko batubona. Iyo utabonwa bitera umubabaro mwinshi cane. Aka ni akaryo ko kwiyerekana”.

Nk’uko bimeze mu bindi bihugu vy’uburengero, imigambwe ishira imbere imico ya kera ifise abanywanyi benshi mu Buholande, ntishaka kwumva ivyo gusaba imbabazi.

Thierry Baudet, umukuru w’umugambwe Forum for Democracy Party, avuga ko umugambwe wiwe "ntubona inyungu n’imwe mu bintu nk’ibi ".

Ubwami buremera akabi

Uretse imbabazi zisabwa na reta, Umwami Willlem-Alexander yasavye ko haba amatohoza yigenga ku ruhara rw’umuryango w’ubwami bw’Ubuholande muri kahise k’ubukoloni no muri kino gihe c’inyuma y’ubukoloni.

Ibi bibaye mu gihe n’iyindi miryango ya cami mu bindi bihugu iriko irihweza uruhara yagize mu bucakara. Mu Bwongereza, Umwami Charles III n’umuganwa wa Wales barerekanye akababaro kabo “ku giti cabo” ku ruhara Ubwongereza bwagize mu bucuruzi bw’abacakara mu majambo yashikirijwe mu Rwanda no muri Jamaica mu ntango z’uno mwaka.

Imbabazi zosabwa n’Ubuholande ku mugaragaro zishobora gutuma ibindi bihugu vyumva ko navyo bikwiye kwemera, kandi bigashobora no gutanga indishi, ku mabi vyakoreye kiremwamuntu muri kahise mu buryo bweruye kandi bugaragara.

Quinsy Gario abona ko ibi bitegerezwa kubamwo indishi y’akababaro no gufashanya.

"Ugusaba imbabazi nyakwo gusigura kwumviriza no gutunganya gushasha ingene ubwami bukora, gukiza imitima yatuntuye, no gukuraho ubusumbasumbane.

“Amajambo ni meza ariko ibikorwa bitegerezwa kwerekanwa n’indishi”.