Kugira abana imbata za Instagram: Mark Zuckerberg bwa mbere yitabye urukiko ahakana ibyaha Meta iregwa

Mark Zuckerberg ukuriye sosiyete ya Meta ifite Instagram yagorewe mu rukiko ubwo yageragezaga kurengera sosiyete ye ku byo ishinjwa, aho bivugwa ko yibanze kugira abana bato imbata z'imbuga ze, bigashimangirwa n'inyandiko z'imbere mu kigo zari zazanywe mu rukiko.

Yavuze ko abavoka "bashakaga gusobanura nabi" ibiganiro byagaragajwe nk'igice cy'urubanza rukomeye i Los Angeles ku birego niba imbuga nkoranyambaga nka Instagram zigira abana imbaga.

Bwari bwo bwa mbere Zuckerberg agaragaye mu rukiko, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo kugira impaka zikaze ku mikorere ya Meta, ikigo kandi gifite WhatsApp na Facebook.

Ni urubanza, rurimo gukurikiranwa cyane kubera ingaruka rushobora kugira ku zindi manza nyinshi zisa na rwo. Muri uru rubanza kandi, YouTube ya Google nazo ziri mu baregwa .

TikTok na Snapchat na bo bari batumijwe, ariko bo ibyabo byakemutse mbere y'uko urubanza rutangira kandi ibyumvikanyweho ku mpande zombi ntibyigeze bimenyekana.

Meta yagiye ivuga kenshi ko ishyiraho ingamba zo kurengera abana bakoresha imbuga zayo kandi ikabuza abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 13 gukoresha izo mbuga.

Ariko mu rukiko, Mark Lanier, umwavoka uhagarariye abaregwa, akaba azwi ku mazina ahinnye ya K.G.M, yagiye agaragaza ubutumwa bw'imbere mu kigo, emails, n'ubushakashatsi byerekana ko Zuckerberg n'abandi bakozi ba Meta bigeze kuganira ku ikoreshwa rya Instagram na Facebook bikozwe n'abangavu hamwe n'abasore bato.

Email imwe yo mu 2019, yoherejwe kuri Zuckerberg n'abayobozi batatu bakuru ba Meta, yagaragazaga ikibazo cy'"urugero rw'imyaka rudashyirwa mu bikorwa" ku rubuga rwabo.

Ibi byatumaga "bigorana kuvuga ko dukora ibishoboka byose," nk'uko Nick Clegg, wahoze ari umuyobozi w'imibanire y'isi yose muri Meta, yabitangaje mu butumwa bwa email.

Lanier yabajije Zuckerberg ku nyandiko y'ubushakashatsi yo mu 2019 yakozwe n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi hanze ya Meta ku nyungu za Instagram, yagaragazaga ko abakiri bato bakoresha urubuga "ku byo barubonaho n'ingaruka bibagiraho," ndetse ko abakiri bato babona ubuzima bwa Instagram nk'ububagira imbata.

"Ibishobora gutuma bumva bishimye cyangwa bibabaje, kandi bashaka kumara igihe kirekire kuri izo mbuga" nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwabitangaje.

Zuckerberg yavuze ko ubwo bushakashatsi butakorerwaga muri Meta.

Paul Schmidt, umwavoka wa Meta, ubwo yabazaga Zuckerberg kuri ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko bwagaragazaga kandi "ibintu byiza" byo gukoresha Instagram, bikagaragaza uko Meta yagiye ikora ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry'imbuga zayo no kuzinoza.

Ikindi cyegeranyo cyo mu 2018 cyagaragazaga ko ikigo cyari kiganira ku buryo bwo gukomeza gukurura abakiri bato ("tweens") ku rubuga, n'ubwo ikigo cyari cyavuze ko abakiri bato batari bemerewe.

Zuckerberg yavuze ko "ahora ababazwa no kutihuta mu kumenya abakoresha imbuga zabo bari munsi y'imyaka 13," ariko ko yizeye ko ikigo cyageze ku "cyerekezo gikwiye uko igihe cyagiye gihita."

Zuckerberg yavuze ko ikigo cyigeze kugira ibiganiro ku buryo bwo gukora imikorere y'imbuga ishobora gukoreshwa n'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 13 "mu buryo bugenzurwa n'amategeko."

Yagaragaje serivisi ya Messenger Kids, avuga ko "itakunzwe cyane" ariko ko ayikoresha ndetse "n'abana banjye."

Zuckerberg n'umugore we Priscilla Chan bafite abana batatu.

Yongeyeho ati: "Urimo kugoreka imvugo yanjye,". "Sintunguwe n'uko abantu imbere mu kigo bari gukora ubushakashatsi kuri ibi."

Mu butumwa bumwe bwo mu mwaka wa 2015, Zuckerberg yabwiye itsinda ry'abayobozi ko mu ntego yari yihaye muri uwo mwaka harimo ko "igihe abantu bamara ku rubuga cyiyongera ku kigero cya 12%" ndetse no "guhindura icyerekezo cy'urubyiruko cyari kimaze kugabanuka."

Ubundi butumwa bwo mu mwaka wa 2017 bwanditswe n'umwe mu bayobozi bwavugaga ko "Mark yafashe icyemezo ko icy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi muri sosiyete ari urubyiruko."

Zuckerberg yavuze ko "mu bihe bya mbere bya sosiyete" yahaga abayobozi intego zo kongera igihe abantu bamara ku mbuga zayo, ariko ashimangira ko ubu atari bwo buryo sosiyete igikoresha.

Mu bibazo yabajijwe na Schmidt, Zuckerberg yasobanuye ko iyo Meta iza kuba yaribanze gusa ku bipimo nko kongera igihe abantu bamara ku mbuga zayo, itari kuba imaze imyaka myinshi ikora kugeza ubu.

Yongeyeho ko yamaze imyaka myinshi akora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo akemure ikibazo cy'"ikoreshwa ritari ryiza" ry'imbuga nka Instagram, kuko ari byo bikwiye gukorwa.

Schmidt yanagaragaje ibikoresho (tools) bya Instagram byashyizweho mu 2018, bituma uyikoresha ashobora gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyikoresha ku munsi, guhabwa integuza ku gihe amaze ayikoresha, ndetse no kuzimya imenyesha (notifications) nijoro.

Nyuma, Lanier yerekanye inyandiko yo mu rwego rw'imbere muri Meta igaragaza ko urubyiruko rukeya cyane ari rwo rwahisemo gukoresha ibyo bikoresho. Urugero ni uko 1.1% gusa by'abangavu n'ingimbi ari bo bashyizeho igihe ntarengwa cyo gukoresha urwo rubuga ku munsi.

K.G.M., watangiye gukoresha Instagram afite imyaka icyenda, yitabiriye iburanisha ku wa Gatatu, yicaye ahanganye imbonankubone na Zuckerberg, wari wageze mu rukiko aherekejwe n'abashinzwe umutekano hamwe n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa be.

Ababyeyi bapfushije abana na bo bari mu rukiko bakurikirana iburanisha, n'ubwo hahawe umwanya umubare muto w'abemerewe kwinjira no kubona imyanya yo kwicaramo.

Hari n'abandi babyeyi n'imiryango yabo bari bateraniye hanze y'urukiko, bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye ababyeyi babonye abana babo bahura n'ingaruka babona ko zatewe no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse no kuzizirikaho bikabije (addiction).

Lori Schott yari umwe muri abo babyeyi. Yari yambaye ikirango kinini kirimo ifoto y'umukobwa we Annalee Schott, wiyahuye afite imyaka 18.

Schott yavuze ari hanze y'urukiko ati: "Izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka. Ntibyafata igihe kirekire guhindura uko algorithm itoranya ibigaragarizwa abantu, kugira ngo abana badakomeza kwiyahura. Ese biragoye cyane kubikora, Bwana Zuckerberg?"

Urubanza ruteganyijwe kumara ibyumweru byinshi. Ruzaba rurimo ubuhamya bw'abahoze ari abakozi ba Meta, bamaze igihe bavuga ku mugaragaro ku mikorere y'iyi sosiyete.

Umuyobozi wa YouTube, Neal Mohan, na we byari byitezwe ko azatanga ubuhamya, ariko BBC yamenye ko atagihamagajwe mu rukiko.

Mu bibazo yabajijwe mu cyumweru gishize, Adam Mosseri, umuyobozi wa Instagram, yahakanye igitekerezo kivuga ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zitera ububata, avuga ko n'iyo umuntu yamara amasaha 16 ku munsi kuri Instagram, bidahita bigaragaza ko yabaye imbata yazo.

Mu buhamya bwe bwite, Zuckerberg yavuze ko iyo ikintu gifite agaciro, "abantu bakunda kugikoresha cyane kurushaho."

Lanier yavuze ko abantu babaye imbata y'ikintu na bo bakunda kongera igihe bagikoresha.

Zuckerberg asubiza ati: "Sinzi icyo nabivugaho. Birashoboka ko ari ukuri, ariko sinzi neza niba ibyo byakurikizwa muri uru rubanza."

Urubanza ni rumwe mu bihumbi by'izindi manza zisa n'uru zatanzwe n'imiryango, abashinjacyaha b'intara n'uturere tw'amashuri, ubu zikaba zirimo kuburanishwa mu nkiko zo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Izo manza zishinja Meta n'izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo TikTok, Snapchat na YouTube, ko zikora mu buryo bushobora guteza ububata abazikoresha (addiction), bikarangira bigize ingaruka mbi ku bana benshi.

Muri rumwe muri izo manza, abashinjacyaha bakuru b'intara 29 barasaba urukiko rwa leta ruri muri California gutegeka izo mbuga guhita zigira ibyo zihindura, mbere y'uko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi.

Muri ibyo basaba harimo gutegeka Meta gusiba konti zose zizwi ko ari iz'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 13.

Ibihugu byinshi bigenda bijya muri uyu mujyo wo gushyiraho amategeko agabanya ikoreshwa ry'imbuga nkoranyambaga ku rubyiruko.

Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, Australia yashyizeho itegeko ribuza abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 16 kugira konti ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ubwongereza, Denmark, Ubufaransa na Espagne na byo birimo kwiga ku ngamba nk'izo.