Uburusiya bwoba buriko bukoresha misire ya 9M729 kuri Ukraine yatumye Amerika iva mu masezerano ya INF?

Nk'uko vyandikwa n'itororokanirizo ry'amakuru Reuters, Uburusiya bumaze gukoresha akatari gake ibisasu vya misire vyo mu bwoko bwa 9M729 birasirwa ku butaka, mu ntambara yayo muri Ukraine.

Nk'uko isoko ryabibwiye Reuters, ku wa 5 Gitugutu (10), iki gisasu cararasiwe ku butaka bw'Uburusiya, gishika ku ntera y'ibirometero birenga 1200 muri Ukraine. Mu 2019, iki gisasu 9M729 kiraswa kure catumye Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziva mu masezerano yo kugabanya ibisasu vya nikleyeri birasirwa hasi bitarenza intera 5.500km ziciriritse, ikizwi nka Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF).

Umushikiranganji wa Ukraine ajejwe imigenderanire Andriy Sybiha yabwiye Reuters ko Moscou imaze gukoresha incuro zitari nke iki gisasu mu bitero vyayo muri Ukraine, ivyemejwe n'uwundi mutegetsi wo hejuru wa Ukraine.

Nk'uko uno mutegetsi abivuga, Ukraine yarashwe iki gisasu incuro zibiri mu 2022. Kuva muri Myandagaro (8) naho, Uburusiya bwarashe iki gisasu muri Ukraine incuro 23 zose.

Sybiha ati: "Kubona Uburusiya bukoresha ibi bisasu vya 9M729 kuri Ukraine mu mezi aheze, ibisasu vyabujijwe mu masezerano ya INF, ni icerekana ko (Perezida Vladimir) Putin aterekwa utwigoro twa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Perezida Donald Trump two kurondera ko intambara y'Uburusiya kuri Ukraine yohagarara".

Yabwiye Reuters ko Kyiv ishigikiye utwigoro twa Trump kandi ko Uburusiya bukwiye guterwa igitsure uko bishoboka kwose kugira ngo bushobore kwitabira umugambi w'amahoro, akavuga ko ugushigikira Ukraine mu kuyiha ibisasu biraswa kure bishobora gufasha mu kugondoza Moscou igahagarika iyi ntambara.

Ukraine isaba Washington ko yoyiha ibisasu vya misire biraswa kure vyo mu bwoko bwa Tomahawk bitabujijwe mu masezerano ya INF kubera ivyari bihari ico gihe vyari ivyarasirwa mw'ibahari. Uburusiya buvuga ko iyi ngingo ishobora gutuma ibintu vyunyuka.

Reuters yarasavye ubushikiranganji bw'Uburusiya bujejwe kwivuna abansi kugira ico bushikirije kuri ibi birego ariko ntaco burishura.

None ni igiki kidasanzwe kuri 9M729?

Intera yaco

Mu 2019, Amerika yarikuye muri INF kubera Uburusiya bwari bwahinguye iki gisasu ca 9M729.

Amasezerano ya INF yateweko igikumu na Mikhail Gorbachev yari umukuru w'icahoze citwa Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti (URSS/USSR) hamwe na Ronald Reagan yari umukuri wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1987, yabuza Uburusiya na Amerika gukoresha ibisasu vya misire biraswa kure (ku ntera hagati ya 1.000 km na 5,500 km) hamwe n'ibiraswa ku ntera itari ndende cane (hagati ya 500 km na1.000 km).

Mu 2019, Amerika yavuze ko izi misire z'Uburusiya zitubahirije aya masezerano kandi ko zishobora kurenga intera ya 500 km. Uburusiya bwarahakanye iki kirego.

"Isoko rya gisirikare" ryahaye amakuru Reuters rivuga ko ku wa 5 Gitugutu uno mwaka, igisasu ca misire co mu bwoko bwa 9M729 carasiwe ku butaka bw'Uburusiya kiranzaganya gushika ku birometero 1200 muri Ukraine.

Reuters ivuga ko urubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwa Missile Threat, rutanga amakuru ajanye n'ibisasu vya misire, rwakozwe n'ikigo Center for Strategic and International Studies i Washington, rwerekana ko intera y'iyi misire ya 9M729 - ishobora kwikorera igisasu ca nikleyeri hamwe n'ikindi gisasu cemewe - ari ibirometero 2500.

'Ikibazo ku mutekano wa Bulaya'

Abahinga ba gisirikare mu Burengero bavuga ko gukoresha 9M729 ari uburyo bw'Uburusiya bwo kwerekana ko bufise ibisasu biraswa kure bikwiye vyo gutera Ukraine kandi bukaba buri mu mikenyuro ya Moscou yo kugabisha Ubulaya, mu gihe Trump ariko arondera ko yoshika ku masezerano y'amahoro.

"Nibaza ko Putin ariko agerageza kwongereza igitsure kuri Ukraine nka kimwe mu biri mu nzira y'ibiganiro," nk'uko William Alberque, umushakashatsi mukuru mu kigo c'abahinga Pacific Forum, abivuga, akongerako y'uko 9M729 yagenewe gutera ibibanza kanaka i Bulaya.

Haraciye hafi indwi zibiri Uburusiya bugerageje igisasu ca nikleyeri ca Burevestnik kiraswa kure, ku wa gatatu w'indwi iheze naho bukaba bwatangaje ko bwagerageje ikindi rutura ca nikleyeri ciswe Poseidon.

Maison Blanche/White House (ibiro vy'umukuru w'igihugu ca Amerika) ntiyishuye ibibazo vyari vyerekeye ikoreshwa ry'ibi bisasu vya 9M729 n'Uburusiya. Gusa ku wa kane w'indwi heze, Trump yategetse igisirikare ca America gusubira kugerageza ibirwanisho vya nikleyeri, avuga ko n'ibindi bihugu biriko birabigerageza.

Inyuma y'aho Amerika iviriye mu masezerano ya INF, aya akaba yabuza ibisasu birasirwa ku butaka bifise intera iri hagati ya kirometero 500 na 5.500, Uburusiya bwaciye butangaza ko buhagaritse kurungika ivyo bisasu. Ibihugu vyo mu Burengero vyavuze y'uko Uburusiya bwari bumaze gutegura ibisasu bitari bike vya 9M729 birindiriye kuraswa.

Ku wa 4 Myandagaro, akanya gato gusa imbere y'uko bukoresha ibi bisasu muri Ukraine, Uburusiya bwavuze ko butazosubira gufata ingingo zo kugabanya aho bushobora kurungika ibi bisasu bishobora kwikorera ibindi bisasu vya nikleyeri.

Ari nka hamwe vyogaragara ko Uburusiya buriko bukoresha ibi bisasu vyabujijwe mu masezerano ya INF - bishobora guhindurwa bikaba ivya nikleyeri - muri Ukraine, aha rero nticoba ari ikibazo ku mutekano wa Ukraine gusa, ahubwo n'uwa Bulaya, bivugwa na John Foreman, yahoze ari intumwa ya gisirikare y'Ubwongereza i Moscou na Kyiv.

Hoba hari icemezo na kimwe?

Inkuru ya Reuters ivuga ko ubushikiranganji bwa Ukraine bujejwe imigenderanire ata nsiguro butanga canke ngo bwerekane amatariki yabereyeko ibitero vy'iki gisasu ca misire co mu bwoko bwa 9M729 kuri Ukraine.

Hagati aho, isoko rya kabiri riratomora neza ko iki gisasu catanguye gukoreshwa kuva ku wa 21 Myandagaro (8) - ata n'indwi ihaciye Trump na Putin bahuriye muri Alaska.

Reuters yabonye amasanamu y'ibisigarira vy'igisasu c'Uburusiya catewe ku nyubakwa y'uburaro ku wa 5 Gitugugu, kigahitana abantu bane mu kigwati ca Lapayevka muri Ukraine.

Aya masanamu yerekana ko ibisigarira bibiri vy'igisasu ca misire, harimwo umuringoti n'intsinga, bifise ibimenyetso vya 9M729.

Jeffrey Lewis, umuhinga mu vy'umutekano kuri kaminuza ya Middlebury College, yarihweje aya masanamu ari kumwe n'abandi bahinga, hanyuma abwira Reuters ko uno muringoti be n'igisandugu c'imoteri bihuye n'ingene azi iki gisasu ca misire ca 9M729.

None hoba harabaye ihonyangwa ry'amasezerano mu 2019?

None ikoreshwa rya 9M729 muri Ukraine rirashobora gufatwa nk'icemezo c'uko Uburusiya bwahonyanze amasezerano ya INF mu 2019? Umuhinga mu vya gisirikare w'igisata ca BBC gikoresha Ikirusiya, Pavel Aksyonov, arabisigura.

Itangazo rya Kyiv rivuga ko Uburusiya buriko bukoresha ibisasu vya misire vya 9M729 bifise intera y'ibirometero nibura 1200 muri iyi ntambara bisigura ko Ukraine iriko iraterwa ibi bisasu bisa n'ibisasu vya misire vya Amerika vyo mu bwoko bwa Tomahawk.

Abanyamakuru ba Reuters barihweje aya masanamu y'ibi bisigarira vy'iki gisasu cagemye ikigwati co mu ntara ya Lviv ku wa 5 Gitugutu hanyuma bayereka Lewis.

Yavuze ko igihimba c'indege hamwe n'ibisigarira vy'imoteri bihuye n'ivya 9M729.

Reuters ntiyashize ahabona aya masanamu y'ibisigarira vy'iki gisasu, ibi bigatuma bigorana guhinyuza ibivugwa.

Nk'uko isoko rya Reuters muri Ukraine ribivuga, kimwe muri ibi bisasu vya 9M729 cageze ku ntera y'ibirometero 1200. Iyi ni intera ngufi ugereranije n'iy'ibisasu vya Tomahawk, ibisasu vya none bishika ku ntera y'ibirometero 1600.

Nk'uko iri soko ribivuga, kubona Uburusiya bumaze kurasa ibi bisasu 23, ni ikimenyamenya ko Uburusiya butariko buhingura ivyo kugerageza gusa, ahubwo ko bushobora kuba buriko burahingura vyinshi cane.