Urucanco rushasha rwa malaria ruje guhindura isi, abahinga

Abahinga bo kw’ishure kaminuza ya Oxford bakoze urucanco rwa malaria rushobora “guhindura isi”.

Aba bahinga biteze ko rushobora gutangura gutangwa mu mwaka uza inyuma y’aho ibikorwa vyo kurugerageza vyerekanye ko rushobora gukinga ku rugero rwa 80% iyi ngwara yica cane.

Ikintu nyamukuru, nk’uko bivugwa n’aba bahinga, ni uko uru rucanco ruzimbutse kandi ko basabwe guhingura doze zirenga umuliyoni ku mwaka.

Ishirahamwe Malaria No More rivuga ko iyi ntambwe isigura ko ivy’abana bahitanwa na malaria bishobora “kurangira”.

Vyafashe igihe kirenga ikinjana guhingura incanco nyazo kuko umugera wa malaria, usanzwe ukwiragizwa n’imibu, ugoye cane kandi uguma winyuranganya. Ni umugera wama wimuka, wihinduranya mu buryo bwinshi mu mubiri wa muntu, ibi bigatuma bitoroha kuwukinga.

Mu mwaka uheze, ishami rya ONU rijejwe amagara y’abantu kw’isi, OMS/WHO, ikintu c'imbonekarimwe, ryaratanze uruhusha rwo gukoresha urucanco rwa mbere - urucanco rwahinguwe n’ihinguriro ry’imiti GSK – muri Afrika.

Hagati aho, uyu murwi w’abahinga ba Oxford uvuga ko urucanco rwabo rukomeye gusumba kandi ko rushobora guhingurwa ku rugero runini.

Ivyavuye mw’igerageza ry’uru rucanco ryakorewe ku bana 409 ahitwa Nanoro muri Burkina Faso vyarasohowe mu kinyamakuru c’ubuvuzi, Lancet Infectious Diseases. Vyerekana ko doze zitatu za mbere zikurikirwa n’inyongeranguvu (booster) inyuma y’umwaka, ikingira ku rugero rwa 80%.

Umukuru w'ikigo Jenner Institute co kuri iyo kaminuza, Prof Adrian Hill, avuga ati: "Twibaza ko aya makuru ari yo ya mbere meza abayeho muri iki gisata ku vyerekeranywe n'urucanco urwo ari rwo rwose rwa malaria”.

Uyu murwi uzotangura ibikorwa vyo kurondera ko uru rucanco rwemerwa mu ndwi nkeya ziri imbere, ariko icemezo ntabanduka kizofatwa hisunzwe ibizoba bivuye mu bikorwa vyo kurugeragereza ku bana 4800 vyitezwe imbere y’uko umwaka urangira.

Ihinguriro rinini kw’isi rikora incanco - Serum Institute of India – rimaze kwiyemeza kuzohingura doze zirenga umuliyoni ku mwaka.

Prof Hill avuga ko uru rucanco – rwiswe R21 – rushobora guhingurwa ku “madorari makeya” kandi “dushobora kuraba ingene tugabanya cane iki giciro kuri uno muzigo uremereye wa malaria”.

Yongerako ati: "Twizeye ko ruzotangwa kandi nta nkeka ko mu mpera z’umwaka uza abantu bazoruronswa rukarokora ubuzima”.

Malaria ni imwe mu ngwara z’akaranda kuri kiremwamuntu mu myaka ibihumbi cane cane igahitana abana n’inzoya.

Iyi ngwara iracahitana ubuzima bw’abantu barenga 400.000 buri mwaka n’inyuma y’intambwe idasanzwe yatewe mw’ikoreshwa ry’imisegetera, imiti yica imibu be n’iyo kuyivura.

Uru rucanco rwa malaria rugize urwa 14 Prof Katie Ewer akoreyeko i Oxford, akavuga ati "aha si co kimwe na Covid aho twashotse turonka incanco indwi zose zizokora … ruragoye cane, cane rwose”.

Yabwiye BBC ko ari ibintu “bishimishije cane” kubona rushitse aha kandi ko “rushobora guhindura isi mu gihe rwotangura gutangwa”.

Kubera iki rukomeye?

Urucanco rusanzwe rwaremejwe – rwahinguwe na GSK – rurafise ivyo rusangiye n’uru rundi rwahinguriwe i Oxford.

Zompi zihangana n’umugera mu misi ya mbere yo kubaho kwawo mu kuwusamira hagufi imbere y’uko winjira mu gitigu ugashinga imizi mu mubiri.

Uru rucanco rwahinguwe hakoreshejwe uruvangatirane rw’indemamubiri (proteins) z’umugera wa malaria hamwe n’uw’igitigu co mu bwoko bwa B (Hepatite B), ariko uru rwa Oxford rufise urugero runini rw’indemamubiri za malaria.

Aba bahinga bibaza ko ruzofasha abasoda b’umubiri kwibanda cane kuri malaria hakwibanda kuri hepatite B.

Ivyashitsweko n’urucanco rwa GSK vyaraciriye inzira Oxford maze nayo igira icizere ko urucanco rwabo narwo rushobora kwemezwa mu mwaka uza.

Biragoye gushoka ugereranya izi ncanco zibiri. Urwa GSK rwarageragerejwe henshi kw’isi, mu gihe urwa Oxford rushobora gusa n’urukomeye cane kuko rwatanzwe mu gihe gikomeye c’ingwara ya malaria muri Burkina Faso.

Prof Azra Ghani, arongoye igisata kijejwe ingwara zandukira kw’ishure kaminuza Imperial College London, avuga ko ivyavuye muri iri gerageza “vyakiriwe neza cane”, ariko agabisha ko bishobora gusaba amafaranga kugira ngo abantu baruronke.

Prof Ghani avuga ati: "Hadashizwemwo imitahe, turahakwa gutakaza inyungu zashitsweko mu myaka mirongo iheze ugasanga malaria isubiye kuba ndanse”.

Gareth Jenkins, wo mw’ishirahamwe Malaria No More UK avuga ati: " Uyu munsi urucanco rwa R21 rw’ikigo karuhariwe ca Jenner Institute ca Oxford ni ikindi kimenyetso gishimangira ko, mu gihe cofatwa mu mugongo uko bikwiye, isi ishobora guhagarika impfu z'abana bahitanwa na malaria mu buzima bwacu bwose”.