Cameroun: Uno mukuru w'igihugu w'imyaka 92 atigera atsindwa na rimwe mu matora

Nta muntu n'umwe yari gutangara kubona sentare nkuru ijejwe ibwirizwa shingiro itangaza ko Perezida Paul Biya w'imyaka 92, umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere ashaje kuruta abandi bose kw'isi, atorerwa ikiringo kigira umunani yikurikiranya.

Mu gihe hari hasanzwe ibihuha ko amajwi yari yegeranye kandi umukeba wiwe mukuru, Issa Tchiroma Bakary yahoze ari umushikiranganji, agatangaza ko ari we yayatsinze, umunezero n'icuka kibi ni vyo birangwa mu gihugu inyuma y'ivyatangajwe ejo ku wa mbere.

Ivyatangajwe ko vyavuyemwo, ibiha intsinzi Biya kuri 53,7%, imbere ya Tchiroma Bakary yaronse 35,2%, vyateje umubabaro kuri benshi, mbere ku banya-Cameroun (soma Kameruni) benshi, vyaje nk'ibiburizamwo impinduka bipfuza.

Ingingo ya Biya yo gusubira kwitoreza ikindi kiringo c'imyaka indwi, inyuma y'iyindi myaka 43 amaze ku butegetsi, yategerezwa guteza impari. Si ukubera gusa ko amaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi, ariko kandi n'intwaro yiwe iteje ibibazo.

Igihe kirekire yamaze mu mahanga, akenshi mw'ihoteri Intercontinental i Geneve canke ahandi hantu h'ibanga hafi y'igisagara co ku nkengera y'ikiyaga c'Ubusuwisi, vyatumye abantu bagira impungenge ku bijanye n'ingene mu vy'ukuri arongoye Cameroun, canke nimba ingingo nyinshi zitoba zifatwa n'umushikiranganji wa mbere, abashikiranganji canke umunyamabanga mukuru mu biro vy'umukuru w'igihugu asanzwe avuga rikijana, Ferdinand Ngoh Ngoh.

Mu mwaka uheze, inyuma y'ijambo yashikirije mu birori vyo kwibuka irangira ry'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose mu bumanuko bw'Ubufaransa muri Myandagaro (8) hanyuma akitaba ikoraniro ryahuza Ubushinwa na Afrika i Pékin mu kwezi kwakurikiye, yaciye amara amezi atandatu atawumukubise n'iryahumye ata nsiguro canke itangazo iryo ari ryo ryose, ivyatumye hibazwa vyinshi ku magara yiwe.

Eka n'igihe abategetsi bakuru basa n'abavuga ko yari yasubiye i Genève, aho vyavugwa ko yari ku mabanga yiwe nk'uko bisanzwe, nta makuru yiwe nyayo yasubiye kuboneka gushika aho hatangajwe ko yagarutse mu gihugu, ku mugwa mukuru, Yaoundé, aho yafashwe amashusho ariko aramukanya n'abanywanyi.

Eka n'uno mwaka nyene ntawe vyatangaje kubona yateguye gusubira i Genève imbere y'uko asubira gutorwa, amayinga make imbere y'umusi w'ano matora.

Uko Perezida Paul Biya arongoye igihugu mu buryo butameyekana – ntakunze gutumako inama nshikiranganji ku mugaragaro canke ngo agire ico ashikiriza ku mugaragaro ku bibazo nkoramutima vy'igihugu - bituma haba igipfungu ku bijanye n'intego z'intwaro yiwe no ku buryo ingingo za reta zifatwa.

Mu mirimo, abashikiranganji n'abakozi ba reta bakibasha bararangura imigambi myinshi itandukanye. Ariko nta mbonakazoza ku ruhande rwa poritike canke inzira itomoye y'uburongozi bw'igihugu bihari.

Intwaro yiwe yagiye yerekana ko ishaka gutuza imyiyerekano canke abakunze kuyinegura. Ariko ico si co conyene canke kumbure mbere coba gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose gitumye arambira ku butegetsi.

Kuko ni ngombwa kwemera ko Biya yagize uruhara rwihariye muri poritike.

Akora nk'umuhuza mu gihugu kigoye gutwara, kirimwo ubudasa bunini mu bijanye n'imibano, uturere, n'indimi. Hari nk'akarorero ubudasa hagati y'ubumanuko be n'uburaruko bw'igihugu, ubudasa hagati y'igice kinini c'igihugu kivuga Igifaransa n'uturere tw'uburaruko bushira uburengero n'ubumanuko bushira uburengero dukoresha Icongereza, mbere no mu bijanye n'indero yo mu mashure hamwe n'intwaro hakaba hari ubudasa hagati y'izi mpande zompi.

Mu gihugu aho inyuma y'ukwikukira caranzwemwo impari ku bijanye n'ingene igihugu gikwiye kwubakwa hamwe n'icuka gishingiye ku bumwe bw'igihugu, Biya yarashoboye kugenda ashinga reta zari zigizwe n'abantu bava mu mice itandukanye y'ubuzima bw'igihugu.

Nubwo rimwe na rimwe yagiye aterwa igitsure n'ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI, hamwe n'ibihugu bitanga ingurane, intwaro ziwe zagiye zikwepa akaga k'amadeni, mbere muri ino myaka ya vuba yagiye atsimbataza ikigega c'igihugu.

Hejuru y'ibi, mu myaka cumi iheze canke irenga gato, intwaro ya Biya yagiye iboneka cane nk'ingoma y'ubwami ishingiye kw'ibwirizwa shingiro, aho umukuru w'igihugu usanga ata ngingo nyinshi agenda afata ku migambi yiwe, ahubwo akabirekera abantu.

Ikindi kandi catumye aba ntayegayezwa mu mabanga yiwe ni ukwinubana gukomeye hagati y'abategetsi bakuru bo mu mugambwe uri ku butegetsi RDPC (Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais, mu congereza Cameroon People's Democratic Movement, CPDM). Ari ho ari, nta ngingo yo kumusubiriza ishobora gufatwa.

Hagati aho, mu gihe ata n'umwe aboneka ko ashobora kuba samuragwa, yaba uwogenwa canke uwo abandi boba bipfuza, kandi na bamwe bamwe mu bategetsi ba RDPC bakaba bariko barasaza, kugumiza ku butegetsi Biya kwagiye guteza ibihuha bidahera ku bijanye n'uwomusubirira.

Izina ry'umuhungu wiwe Franck ribandanya rigarukwako cane, nubwo yerekana ko atitayeho ivya poritike canke ubutegetsi.

Hagati aho, ibibazo vyovyo kuri uno mukuru w'igihugu, haba mu vy'iterambere canke umutekano ntibibuze nubwo Cameroun isanzwe ifise itunga kama ryinshi.

Mbega birashoboka ko uno musi turiko tubona ukugabanuka gukomeye kw'ukwihangana kw'abanyagihugu ku buryo Biya agenga igihugu ata kwiyerekana cane, mu buryo bw'ubutegetsi bugeretse ku bwigenge buke bwa demokarasi?

Mbega birashoboka ko uno musi twoba turiko turabona ihindimuka ry'ukwihangana kw'abanyagihugu ku ntwaro isa n'iy'agahotoro ya Biya iriko irazimanganya yonyene?

Ubwo Abanya-Cameroun boba bariko bararuhishwa n'intwaro ibaha akaryo ko kuja mu matora ashingiye ku migambwe myinshi ariko ntibahe icizere cinshi co kubona abategetsi bahindutse?

Ubwo amaraso yasesetse mu ntara zikoresha Icongereza yoba yarerekanye igihengeri mu mukenyuro w'umukuru w'igihugu wo kwiyubara no kwigirwa kure?

Igihe haduka ubwa mbere imyiyerekano yasaba impinduka mu 2016, Biya ntiyahuse yishura. Igihe yemera impinduka zifadika n'ibiganiro vy'abanyagihugu, intureka zari zarenze inkombe, ivyatumye hataba umwumvikano nyawo.

Hagati aho, nubwo ubutegetsi bwiwe budakunze gutwarira hejuru, yarananiwe no kwumvisha igihugu imbonakazoza yiwe kw'iterambere ry'ubutunzi n'imibereho afitiye Cameroun.

Biya yari yamaze gutangura gupima aho ukwihangana kw'abanyagihugu gushika, igihe yafata ingingo yo kwitoreza ikiringo c'indwi yikurikiranya mu 2018.

Ariko Biya yahavuye ahura n'umukeba yahanganye na we bikomeye, Maurice Kamto arongoye umugambwe Cameroon Renaissance Movement (CRM) – mbere igihe Kamto yanka ivyavuye mu matora, aho yaronse 14%, yarafunzwe ikiringo c'amezi arenga umunani.

Ariko uno musi, kwitoza kwa Tchiroma kwarahinduye ingene abanyagihugu babona ibintu hamwe n'ivyiyumviro vyabo ku rugero ata wundi n'umwe yari bwigere ashikako imbere y'aha, nibura kuva mu 1992, igihe ivyavuye mu matora ico gihe vyahaye John Fru Ndi yari arongoye umugambwe Social Democratic Front (SDF) amajwi 36%, inyuma gato ya Biya yari afise 40%.

Uno musi, si uko gusa Biya afise imyaka kurusha iyo yari afise ico gihe kandi akaba areka ingingo zigafatwa n'abandi gusumba imbere y'aho.

Ni ukubera kandi ko, mu buryo butandukanye na Kamto - atorohewe gushika kure y'akarere kiwe nyamukuru k'aho afise amajwi - Tchiroma, umusilamu wo mu buraruko, yashoboye gukwegakwega abamushigikira mu mice itandukanye y'abanya-Cameroun, cane cane harimwo na za ntara zibiri zikoresha Icongereza.

Uno munyaporitike yigeze gupfungwa igihe kimwe hanyuma akumvikana na Biya gushika n'aho yemera intebe y'umushikiranganji, yarariye umutima amenyo aragenda muri Bamenda, igisagara ca mbere kinini gikoresha ururimi rw'Icongereza, hanyuma asaba imbabazi ku ruhara rwiwe mu vyo reta yakoze.

Mu misi mike kandi, mu gihe icuka kibi cari ciyongereye bakirindiriye kumenya ivyavuye mu matora, Tchiroma n'ubwitonzi bwinshi yagumye muri Garoua, igisagara c'amavuko yiwe mu buraruko, aho isinzi ry'urwaruka rwari rwiyegeranije ruramukingira abajejwe umutekano bashaka kumuhagarika.

Uno musi, inyuma y'uko ivyizigiro vyari vyiyongereye cane, umubabaro n'ishavu ni vyinshi mu banywanyi b'imigambwe itavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi inyuma y'aho ivyavuye mu matora bitangarijwe, nubwo vyoba vyari vyitezwe na benshi.

Inzego zijejwe umutekano zari zamaze kwagirizwa ko zarashe abari mu myiyerekano i Douala, igisagara kiri ku kivuko mu bumanuko bw'igihugu, kikaba ari co kigega c'ubutunzi bw'igihugu. Biravugwa kandi ko hari n'abandi barashwe i Garoua.

Kuri Cameroun, ingingo ya Biya yo kwitoreza ikiringo kigira umunani yateje akaga kanini n'umubabaro.

Paul Melly ni umujenama mukuru mu mugambi Africa Programme wo mu kigo Chatham House i Londres.