Umukobwa urimo kurwanya 'sickle cell' bamwe bita indwara y'amadayimoni

Indwara yibasira uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (Globules rouges/red blood cells) yitwa Sickle cell, iri mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Africa kurusha ahandi hose ku isi. BBC Africa Eye yagendanye n’impirimbanyi irwanya iyi ndwara mu mujyi wo muri Kenya aho hafi 1/4 cy’abawutuye bafite iyi ndwara ihererekanywa mu miryango.

Mu mujyi muto wa Taveta, uri munsi y’imisozi miremire ya Taita Hills yegereye umupaka wa Tanzania, abantu bicaye ku mbaho zose zo ku ivuriro riri aho. Abadafite aho bicara barahageze abandi bicaye hasi.

Lea Kilenga Bey, umugore bari bategereje kumva, ari imbere yabo, ati: “Ni bande hano bafite sickle cell?”.

Basubiza icya rimwe bati: “Ni Twese”, bivuze ko bafite iyo ndwara cyangwa se bafite umuntu uyirwaye bitaho.

Muri uyu mujyi uri kandi hafi y’umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, utuwe n’abaturage 22,000 gusa, hafi umwe ku bantu bane mu bahatuye afite sickle cell, kimwe mu bipimo biri hejuru mu ndwara zihererekanywa mu miryango muri Kenya.

Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso y’umuntu ufite indwara sickle cell tuba dufite ishusho nk’iy’igisate cy’ukwezi (crescent moon) cyangwa se ‘sickle’ (agakoresho ko gutema/guca kitwa Najoro/Akayuya) ari naho ikura iryo zina.

Uturemangingo dufite ubwo busembwa ntitubasha gutwara ngo tugeze ‘oxygen’ ihagije hose mu mubiri. Ibi bituma abafite indwara ya sickle cell kenshi bagira ububabare mu bice by’umubiri bushobora kumara ibyumweru.

Ishami rya ONU ryita ku buzima OMS/WHO rivuga ko 2/3 by’abarwara sickle cell ku isi ari abo mu bihugu bya Africa.

Ni imwe mu ndwara zihererekanywa mu miryango ziboneka cyane muri Africa.

Hejuru ya 1/2 cy’abana bavukana sickle cell bapfa batarageza imyaka itanu, akenshi kubera ‘infection’ cyangwa kubura amaraso (anaemia) bikabije. Bimwe mu binyamakuru byandika ku buzima bivuga ko yica ku gipimo kigera kuri 90% mu bana.

Umugore umwe kuri rya vuriro azamura akaboko ngo abaze ikibazo.

Ati: “Bavuga ko umuntu ufite sickle cell atarenza imyaka 20. Ko agera kuri 15 cyangwa yagira myinshi ntarenze 18.”

Lea Kilenga yahise yitangaho urugero ko afite sickle cell bamusanzemo afite amezi atandatu ntimwice – ubu ari mu myaka 30 na.

Undi mugore avugira hejuru ati: “Ni umuvumo”.

Mu 2017, Lea Kilenga yashinze ikigo kitegmiye kuri leta Africa Sickle Cell Organisation, kigamije gufasha abantu bafite iyo ndwara. Asura ibice birimo iyo ndwara kuganira n’abaho kuri yo, ariko yari yasubiye iwabo i Taveta, gufasha abaho.

Kilenga yabwiye BBC Africa Eye ati: “Abantu benshi bavuga ko iyi ndwara ari imivumo y’abakurambere, cyangwa amarozi.

“Ni ko bigenda no ku kindi kintu cyose kitazwi hano. Abantu bahimba inkuru zabo kuri ibyo. Rero nagombaga kugenda nkabwira abantu ko sickle cell atari amarozi. Ko atari umuvumo w’abakurambere.”

Imwe mu ngorane nyamukuru ku bafite sickle cell muri Taveta, n’indi mijyi muri Kenya, ni ukubona imiti.

'Ifunguro cyangwa imiti'

Ubuvuzi buhoraho buba bucyenewe ku bayirwaye ngo babeho ubuzima busanzwe: antibiotics zirwanya ‘infections’, imiti ivura uturemangingo tw’amaraso hamwe n’imfashandyo nka folic acid ifasha kurwanya kubura amaraso.

Kilenga ati: “Benshi mu batuye hano batunzwe no munsi y’idorari rimwe [ry'Amerika] cyangwa abiri ku munsi, ntibashobora kugurana ifunguro ryo mu rugo kugura imiti ihenze.

“Ni uguhitamo hagati y’ifunguro cyangwa imiti”.

Nawe ubwe azi neza akaga ko kugira iyi ndwara – nk’ububabare bukabije kubera kuziba kw’imitsi bishobora kwibasira ibice by’umubiri.

Kilenga yagiye yifata amashusho buri munsi aho yabaga yashyizwe hasi n’iyi ndwara. Aryamye mu buriri, nta miti, areba muri camera, amaso ameze nk’ahumirije, agerageza gusobanura ububabare arimo.

Ntabwo yifuza ko n’abandi bababara gutya.

Muri Taveta, yari kumwe n’itsinda ry’abantu bariho bigaragambya ku bitaro byaho, basaba kwakirwa no kuvurwa neza kurushaho.

Umugore umwe afite agapaki k’ibinini, ati: “Duhabwa imiti yarengeje igihe.”

Undi mugore ati: “Abantu bamwe barapfuye kubera ko batashoboye kuvurwa bikwiriye.”

Undi ati: “Nabwiye inshuti ko ndimo guha imiti umwana wanjye, ariko amaso ye yakomeje kuba umuhondo. Ni we wabonye ko imiti ndimo kumuha yataye igihe.”

Jaundice/Jaunisse ni ikimenyetso kimwe mu biranga sickle cell. Amaso y’umuhondo ni ikintu kiboneka cyane muri uyu mujyi.

Albert Loghwaru w’imyaka 50, ni we wari ukuriye abigaragambya. Abana be babiri babasanzemo sickle cell. Byatumye banenwa nubwo bwose hari benshi bayirwaye muri Taveta.

Ati: “Abantu hano batwita amazina. Bavuga ko dufite amadayimoni ko tunyunyuza amaraso mu bana bacu, cyangwa ko turwaye SIDA.”

Albert yiyemeje guharanira ko abatuye hano bafite iyi ndwara babona ubuvuzi bukwiriye.

Ati: “Tugomba kubona uburyo bwo gufasha aba bantu.”

Nk’umusaruro w’umuhate we na Kilenga, ivuriro ry’indwara z’amaraso na sickle cell ryaje gufungura muri uyu mujyi, rya mbere mu ntara ya Taita Taveta.

Ariko iri si iherezo ry’urugamba rwa Kilenga.

Ati: “Ubu nibwo dutangiye. Iyi ntabwo ari marathon. Ntabwo ari yayindi utsinda ari uwirutse vuba. Iri ni isiganwa ryo guhererekanya inkoni”.