Imbaraga, ibitoro, n'ishusho ya miliyoni 450$ - inkuru y'abazi bya hafi igikomangoma gitegeka Arabia Saudite n'ubwo hari Umwami

Muri Mutarama(1) 2015, Abdullah, Umwami wa Arabia Saoudite wari ufite imyaka 90, yarimo apfira mu bitaro. Umuvandimwe we, Salman, yari agiye kuba umwami – maze umwana we akunda cyane Mohammed bin Salman, atangira kwitegura gufata ubutegetsi.

Iki gikomangoma, kizwi cyane ku mpine z’amazina ye MBS, icyo gihe ku myaka 29 yari afite imigambi ikomeye ku bwami bwe, imigambi minini kurusha indi mu mateka y’iki gihugu; ariko yari afite ubwoba ko hari abashobora kumurwanya imbere muri ubu bwami.

Nuko umunsi umwe bigeze saa sita z’ijoro, atumiza umwe mu bakuriye umutekano ibwami, amwizeyeho ubudahemuka.

Uwo mukozi wo hejuru ni Saad al-Jabri, yabwiwe gusiga telephone ye hanze ku meza. MBS nawe yabigenje atyo. Aba bagabo bombi bahuye ari bonyine. Iki gikomangoma cyari gifite ubwoba bw’intasi z’ibwami ku buryo cyanacomoye n'umugozi wa telephone yonyine y’imigozi yari muri icyo cyumba.

Uko Jabri abivuga, MBS yamubwiye uko ateganya kuvana ubu bwami mu gusinzira gukabije burimo, akabugeza ku mwanya bukwiriye ku ruhando rw’isi. Mu kugurisha imigabane ya leta mu kigo gitunganya ibitoro Aramco, kompanyi yinjiza kurusha izindi zose ku isi, agatangira no kugabanya kuba ubukungu bucungira gusa ku bitoro.

Ko yashora za miliyari muri kompanyi zikizamuka mu ikoranabuhanga zo muri Silicon Valley zirimo iya izwi ya taxi, Uber. Agaha abagore bo muri Saudi uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mirimo, agahanga imirimo mishya igera kuri miliyoni esheshatu.

Jabri yaratagaye cyane, abaza iki gikomangoma intego z’ibyifuzo bye. Maze amuha igisubizo gitomoye ati: “Wigeze wumva Alexander the Great?”.

MBS ni aho yashoreje ikiganiro. Inama yari kumara iminota 30 birangira imaze amasaha atatu. Jabri yasohotse muri icyo cyumba asanga hari benshi bakorana muri leta bamuhamagaye inshuro kenshi bagize ubwoba kuri uko kubura kwe umwanya munini.

Inkuru yo kuzamuka gutangaje kw’ingufu z’uyu mugabo utegeka Arabia Saoudite no kugenzura ibitoro by’iki gihugu, ikora kuri buri wese, kuva ku bakeba be amagana yahigitse akaba igikomangoma kizaragwa ingoma.

Mu gihe kingana n’umwaka gishize, ikipe yateguye iyi nkuru, n’inkuru mbarankuru (documentary) yacu, bavuganaga n’inshuti hamwe n’abatavugarumwe na MBS, hamwe n’intasi nkuru, n’abadipolomate. Leta ya Saudi nayo yahawe umwanya wo kuvuga ku bivugwa muri iyo nkuru mbarankuru ya BBC n’iyi nkuru yanditse. Gusa yahisemo kutagira icyo ivuga.

Saad al-Jabri yari mu bo hejuru cyane mu mutekano w’ubu bwami ku buryo yari inshuti n’abakuru b’ibigo by’ubutasi bya CIA na MI6. Mu gihe ubwami bwa Saudi bwise Jabri uwahoze ari umukozi utizewe, niwe muntu wahunze ubutegetsi ufite amakuru yabwo kurusha abandi bose watinyutse kuvuga uburyo MBS ategeka igihugu – kandi ikiganiro kidasanzwe yaduhaye ibikirimo biratangaje.

Mu kugera ku bantu bazi neza MBS mu buryo bwite, turashyira urumuri ku bikorwa bimwe yamenyekanyeho cyane – harimo iyicwa ry’umunyamakuru Jamal Khashoggi mu 2018, no gutangiza intambara yahitanye benshi muri Yemen.

Mu gihe se, Umwami Salman akomeje kugeramirwa n’intege nke z’ubusaza, MBS w’imyaka 38 ubu ni we mutegetsi nyakuri w’aha havukiye idini ya Islam, hakaba n’igihugu gicuruza ibitoro byinshi kurusha ibindi ku isoko ry’isi.

Ubu yatangiye gushyira mu ngiro imwe mu migambi yasobanuriye Saad al-Jabri – ari nako ashinjwa guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, harimo ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, gukoresha cyane igihano cy’urupfu, no gufunga abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abagore.

Intangiriro igoranye

Umwami wa mbere wa Saudi Arabia yabyaye nibura abahungu 42, barimo na Salman, se wa MBS. Ikamba ryagiye rihererekanywa hagati y’abo bahungu. Ubwo babiri muri bo bapfaga bitunguranye mu 2011 na 2012 nibwo kwa Salman nabo binjiye mu baragwa ingoma.

Ibigo by’ubutasi by’iburengerazuba bibigira ‘business’ yabyo kwiga ubu bwami ndetse no kumenya ngo ni nde uzakurikiraho kuba umwami. Aho byari bigeze icyo gihe, MBS yari muto kandi atazwi ku buryo atanamushyirwaga mu bo kureba.

Sir John Sawers wari umukuru wa MI6 kugeza mu 2014 ati: “Urebye yakuriye mu gisa n'umwijima. Ntiyari mu bavugwa bo kujya ku butegetsi.”

MBS kandi yakuriye mu ngoro y’ibwami aho imyifatire mibi iyo ari yo yose igira ingaruka zikomeye; ibyo bishobora gufasha gusobanura imyifatire ye yo kudatekereza ku ngaruka z’ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe afata kugeza nyuma yo kubona ingaruka zabyo.

Ubukana bwa MBS bwatangiye kumenyekana i Riyadh ari mu myaka cumi na, aho bamuhimbye “Abu Rasasa” cyangwa “Se w’isasu”, nyuma y’uko bivuzwe ko yoherereje isasu mu iposita umucamanza waciye urubanza rw’umutungo mu buryo butari mu nyungu ze.

Sir John Sawers ati: “Yagiye agaragaza ubukana. Yanga umuntu umurenga. Ariko ibyo binavuze ko yabashije guca mu mpinduka undi mutegetsi wese wa Saudi atigeze ashobora”.

Muri zimwe mu mpinduka zishimiwe, uyu wari ukuriye MI6 avuga ko harimo kugabanya inkunga Saudi iha imisigiti n’amashuri ya kisilamu by’ahandi ku isi, byabaga nk’ahantu ho gutoreze abarwanyi ba jihad – bakoraga iterabwoba cyane cyane iburengerazuba.

Nyina wa MBS, Fadha, ni uwo mu bwoko bw’aba-Bedouin kandi ni we nkundwakaza mu bagore bane b’umwami. Abadipolomate b’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba babona ko Umwami Salman yamaze imyaka myinshi afite uburwayi bwo kwibagirwa, MBS ari we muhungu yasabaga ubufasha gusa.

Benshi muri abo badipolomate batwibukije inama bagiranye na MBS na se. Ko iki gikomangoma cyandikaga ibyo baganiriye kuri iPad, maze akabyohereza kuri iPad ya se, nk’uburyo bwo kumufasha kumenya ibyo akurikizaho mu kuvuga.

Lord Kim Darroch wahoze ari umujyanama mu by’umutekano wa David Cameron akiri minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza, ati: “Nakomezaga kwibaza niba MBS yariho yandikira se imirongo y’ibanze.”

MBS yasaga n’utari kwihanganira gutegereza ko se aba umwami ku buryo mu 2014, bivugwa ko yatanze igitekerezo cyo kwica uwari umwami – se wabo Abdullah – akicishwa impeta iroze, yava mu Burusiya.

Jabri ati: “Ntabwo nzi neza niba bitarimo ugusetsa, ariko twabifashe nk’ibikomeye”, uyu avuga ko yabonye amashusho yafashwe mu ibanga na camera z’umutekano MBS avuga icyo gitekerezo. “Mu gihe kitari gito yaciwe mu rugo rw’umwami, no kumuha ikiganza”.

Umwami Abdullah yapfuye urupfu rusanzwe, bituma umuvandimwe we Salman yima ingoma mu 2015. MBS ahita agirwa minisitiri w’ingabo manze ntiyatinda kujya mu ntambara.

Intambara muri Yemen

Hashize amezi abiri, MBS yayoboye ubufatanye bwo mu kigobe binjira mu ntambara yo kurwanya aba-Houthi, bari bamaze gufata igice kinini cy’uburengerazuba bwa Yemen, aba-Houthi yabafataga nk’ibikoresho bya mukeba wabo wo mu karere, Iran. Iyi ntambara yavuyemo icyago gikomeye aho miliyoni z’abantu bazahajwe n’inzara.

“Ntabwo cyari icyemezo kirimo ubwenge”, niko Sir John Jenkins wari ambasaderi w’Ubwongereza mbere gato y’uko intambara itangira avuga. “Umwe mu bakuru mu ngabo za Amerika yambwiye ko babimenyeshejwe habura amasaha 12 ngo batere, ni ibintu bitari byakabaho.”

Ibitero bya gisirikare byatumye iki gikomangoma kitari icyamamare muri Saudi kitwa intwari y’igihugu. Ariko, ryari n’ikosa rya mbere muyo n’inshuti ze zibona ko yaje kuba menshi akomeye.

Imyitwarire itandukanye ya MBS yari irimo kugaragara: kugabanya gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bwahozeho aho byafatwaga n'inteko y'abantu bari ku butegetsi, agahitamo gufata ibitunguranye, kwanga kunamira Amerika, cyangwa gufatwa nk’igihugu gisanzwe.

Jabri agera kure, ashinja MBS guhimba umukono (signature) w’umwami agasohora iteka ry’umwami ryohereza ingabo ku rugamba.

Jabri avuga ko yaganiriye iby’intambara ya Yemen na White House mbere y’uko itangira, ko Susan Rice, wari umujyanama mu by’umutekano wa Perezida Obama, yamuburiye ko Amerika yabafasha gusa mu bitero by’indege. Ariko Jabri avuga ko MBS yashakaga cyane kwinjira muri Yemen, kandi yanze kumva Abanyamerika.

Ati: "Twatunguwe no kumva ko hari iteka ry’umwami ryemeje ibitero byo ku butaka. Yahimbye umukono wa se kuri iryo teka. Ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe bw’Umwami bwariho bwangirika.”

Jabri avuga ko ibyo avuga abikomora ku muntu “wizewe” kandi wari muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi aho yari umukuru w’ibiro.

Jabri yibuka uwari ukuriye ibiro bya CIA i Riyadh amubwira uburyo arakajwe no kuba MBS yanze kumva Abanyamerika, yongeraho ko gutera Yemen kutari gukwiye kubaho.

Sir John Sawers wahoze akuriye MI6 avuga ko nubwo atazi niba koko MBS yaracuze iyo nyandiko, “biraboneka neza ko gutera muri Yemen cyari icyemezo cya MBS. Ntabwo cyari icyemezo cya se, nubwo se yakitiriwe”.

Kirsten Fontenrose, wabaye mu bagize Inama y’Umutekano ya Amerika ku gihe cya Donald Trump avuga ko ubwo yasomaga umwirondoro w’ibanga wa CIA ku mitekerereze y’iki gikomangoma, yumva hari ikintu cyaburagamo.

Ati: “Nta bameze nka we bari kureberwaho. Yari afite ubushobozi butagira ingano. Ntiyari yarigeze abwira ‘hoya’. Niwe mutegetsi muto wa mbere wari ubonetse muri icyo kiragano, benshi muri twe muri guverinoma twari dushaje cyane byo kubyumva”.

Gushyiraho amategeko ye bwite

Uburyo mu 2017 MBS yaguze ishusho yamamaye bitubwira byinshi ku buryo atekereza, n’ubushake bwe bwo kwiyemeza, no kudatinya kujya iruhande rw’ibya kera idini akuriye rigenderaho. Hejuru ya byose hakaza kwiyemeza kurusha uburengerazuba kugaragaza imbaraga.

Mu 2017, ikindi gikomangoma cya Saudi, bivugwa ko cyatumwe na MBS, cyakoresheje miliyoni 450 z’amadorari mu kugura ishusho ya Salvator Mundi, n’ubu nicyo gikorwa cy’ubugeni gihenze kurusha ibindi byose ku isi. Iyo shusho, izwi ku kuba yarakozwe na Leonardo da Vinci, ishushanya Yezu Kristu nk’umwami w’ijuru n’Isi, umukiza w’isi. Mu myaka hafi irindwi kuva yagurwa kugeza ubu, iyo shusho ntiyongeye kuboneka.

Bernard Haykel, inshuti ya MBS n’umwalimu w’amasomo ku bihugu by’iburasirazuba muri Princeton University, avuga ko nubwo hari impuha ko imanitse mu bwato bwite bw’iki gikomangoma cyangwa mu ngoro y’ibwami, iyo shusho iri ahantu mu bubiko i Geneva kandi ko MBS ashaka kuzayimanika mu nzu ndangamurage iteganywa kuzubakwa mu murwa wa Saudi.

Haykel asubiramo MBS avuga ngo “ndashaka kubaka inzu ndangamurage nini cyane i Riyadh. Kandi ndashaka ikintu gikomeye kizakurura abantu, kimwe nk’uko Mona Lisa ibikora.”

Mona Lisa na yo ni ishusho yakozwe na Leonardo da Vinci mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1500 yamamaye cyane ku isi kugeza ubu, imanitse mu nzu ndangamurage ya Louvre i Paris.

Imigambi ya MBS kuri siporo na yo igaragaza uburyo ari umuntu ufite intego zikomeye kandi udatinya guhindura ibintu uko bimeze.

Uburyo Arabia Saoudite irimo kumena miliyari z’amadorari mu mikino ikomeye ku isi – nk’ubu niyo yonyine ipiganira kwakira igikombe cy’isi cya FIFA cya 2034, yashoye miliyoni nyinshi z’amadorari mu kwakira imikino ya tennis na golf – ibyo ubu bise “sportswashing”.

Gusa icyo twabonye ni uko ari umutegetsi utitaye ku cyo iburengerazuba bamutekerezaho ahubwo witaye ku gukora icyo ashaka mu izina ryo kugira izina rye igihangange no kugira igihugu cye igihangange.

Sir John Sawers wahoze akuriye MI6 kandi wahuye na we, ati: “MBS yifuza kubaka imbaraga ze bwite nk’umutegetsi. Kandi uburyo bwonyine yakora ibyo ni ukubaka imbaraga z’igihugu cye. Ibyo nibyo bimuraje ishinga.”

Jabri wamaze imyaka 40 mu rwego rw’umutekano rwa Saudi ntiyahiriwe n’ubutegetsi bwa MBS. Mu gihe yari umukuru w’ibiro by’uwahoze ari igikomangoma cyari kujya ku butegetsi Muhammed bin Nayef, yahunze ubu bwami ubwo MBS yajyaga ku butegetsi, nyuma y’uko aburiwe n’urwego rw’ubutasi rw’igihugu cyo hanze ko ashobora kuba ari mu kaga. Ariko Jabri avuga ko MBS yamutunguye akamwandikira ubutumwa ngo agaruke, amwizeza kumusubiza akazi ke ka mbere.

Jabri ati: “Wari umutego – sinawuguyemo”, avuga ko yari kwicwa urubozo, agafungwa cyangwa akicwa. Uko byari bimeze, abana be bari mu myaka cumi na, Omar na Sarah, bari bafashwe nyuma barafungwa bashinjwa iyezandonke (money laundering) no gushaka guhunga – ibyaha bo bahakana.

Jabri ati: “Yateguye iyicwa ryanjye. Ntabwo azaruhuka atabonye mpfuye, ibyo simbishidikanyaho.”

Saudi Arabia yahaye interpol na Canada inyandiko zo gufata no kohereza Jabri, ibitarakorwa. Abategetsi bamushinja ruswa irimo miliyari z'amadorari mu gihe yari muri minisiteri y’ubutegetsi.

Gusa, yahawe ipeti rya major-general kandi ashimwa na CIA na MI6 gufasha kuburizamo ibitero by’iterabwoba bya al-Qaeda.

Kwica Khashoggi

Kwicira Jamal Khashoggi muri konsula y’Ubwami bwa Saudi Arabia i Istanbul mu 2018 birimo akaboko ka MBS mu buryo bugoye cyane guhakana.

Abicanyi 15 bakaze babikoze bagenderaga kuri pasiporo z’abadipolomate, kandi barimo benshi b’abarinzi bwite ba MBS. Umurambo wa Khashoggi ntiwigeze uboneka kandi bivugwa ko wacagaguwemo ibice n’imashini ikata.

Professor Haykel yandikiranye kuri WhatsApp na MBS nyuma y’igihe kitari kinini habaye ubwo bwicanyi. “Naramubazaga nti ‘ni gute ibi byabayeho?’,”. Ati: “Ntekereza ko yari atunguwe bikomeye. Ntiyari azi ko bizagira ingaruka zikomeye.”

Dennis Ross yahuye naMBS nyuma gato. “Yavuze ko atari we wabikoze ko ari igikorwa cyo kwihimura. Birumvikana nashakaga kubyemera, kuko numvaga atatanga itegeko ryo gukora ikintu nka kiriya.”

MBS igihe cyose yahakanye ko atari azi uwo mugambi, nubwo mu 2019 yavuze ko “abyirengereye” kuko icyaha cyabaye areba.

Inyandiko yari ibanga y’ubutasi bwa Amerika yasohotse muri Gashyantare(2) 2021 ivuga ko MBS ari umufatanyacyaha mu kwica Khashoggi.

Nabajije abazi MBS neza niba yarigeze yigira ku makosa yakoze, cyangwa niba yarakiranutse n’ibya Khashoggi, kuko mu by’ukuri byari byamuzonze.

Professor Haykel ati: “Yize amasomo nyuma y’ibikomeye.” Avuga ko MBS ashengurwa no kuba ibya Khashoggi bikoreshwa mu kuvuga ubugome bwe n’igihugu cye, kandi ko ubwicanyi nk’ubwo butazongera.

Sir John Sawers yemera yigengesereye ko ruriya rupfu rwabaye ikorosi rishya. Ati: “Ntekereza ko hari amasomo yabonye. Gusa imiterereye ni. Yayindi.”

Se, Umwami Salman, ubu afite imyaka 88. Napfa, MBS ashobora gutegeka Saudi Arabia indi myaka 50.

Gusa, vuba aha aherutse kwemeza ko atinya ko azicwa, cyane cyane nk’ingaruka yo kugerageza kugarura umubano wa Israel na Saudi.

“Ntekereza ko hari abantu benshi bashaka kumwica.” Ni ko Professor Haykel avuga, yongeraho ati: “kandi na we arabizi.”

Gucungira hafi bihoraho nibyo bituma abagabo nka MBS bahumeka. Ni byo Saad al-Jabri yabonye iki gikomangoma kigishaka kugera ku butegetsi, ubwo yacomoraga umugozi wa telephone kugira ngo bavugane kandi ari mu ngoro ye.

MBS aracyari umugabo uri ku ntego yo kuvugurura igihugu cye, mu buryo abamubanjirije batari barigeze bagerageza. Ariko si nawe munyagitugu wa mbere utagira impuhwe kuburyo nta muntu wo mu bamuri iruhande wahirahira amubuza gukora ayandi makosa.