Ayman al-Zawahiri: Inzobere mu kubaga, wakatiwe urwo gupfa mu 1999…yari muntu ki?

Ayman al-Zawahiri, wishwe n’igitero cya drone ya Amerika muri Afghanistan, niwe wafatwaga nk’umucurabwenge wa al-Qaeda. 

Yari inzobere mu kubaga amaso ariko afasha gutangiza umutwe witwara gisirikare wa Egyptian Islamic Jihad. 

Yaje kuba umukuru wa al-Qaeda nyuma y’uko ingabo za Amerika zishe Osama Bin Laden muri Gicurasi(5) 2011. 

Mbere y’aho, Zawahiri yafatwaga nka somambike wa Bin Laden, ariko inzobere zimwe zikavuga ko ari we wabaye ‘umucurabwenge’ w’ibitero byo kuwa 11 Nzeri(9) 2001 kuri Amerika. 

Zawahiri yari uwa kabiri – yazaga inyuma ya Bin Laden – ku rutonde rw’abaterabwoba “22 bashakishwa kurusha abandi” na leta ya Amerika kuva mu 2001 ndetse ku mutwe we hariho miliyoni 25$ ku wamubona cyangwa akamutanga.

Mu myaka ya nyuma ya biriya bitero, Zawahiri yigaragaje nk’umuvugizi wa al-Qaeda, agaragara inshuro 16 mu mashusho yo mu 2007 – inshuro enye kurusha Bin Laden – ubwo bageragezaga gusakaza ubuhezanguni no kwinjiza abantu bashya muri wo.

Si ubwa mbere Amerika igerageza guhitana Zawahiri. 

Muri Mutarama 2006, igitero cy’ingabo za Amerika hafi y’umupaka wa Pakistan na Afghanistan cyaramuhushije. 

Icyo gitero cyishe abantu bane bo muri al-Qaeda, ariko Zawahiri ararokoka hashize ibyumweru bibiri agaragara ku mashusho, aburira Perezida George W Bush ko yaba we cyangwa “imbaraga zose zo ku isi” ntacyakwigiza hafi urupfu rwe “n’isegonda rimwe”.

Umuryango wiyubashye

Zawahiri yavukiye i Cairo mu Misiri, tariki 19 Kamena(6)1951, mu muryango wiyubashye w’abaganga n’abalimu ba kaminuza. 

Sekuru, Rabia al-Zawahiri, yari Imam mukuru wa al-Azhar, ikigo cyigisha Islam y’aba Sunni mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, mu gihe ubwe muri ba nyirarume yari umunyabanga wa mbere w’ihuriro ry’ibihugu by’abarabu, Arab League. 

Zawahiri yatangiye kujya muri politiki ya Islam akiri ku ishuri, aza gufungwa ku myaka 15 ashinjwa kuba mu itsinda ritemewe rya Muslim Brotherhood – itsinda rya kisilamu rirambye kandi rinini kurusha ayandi mu Misiri. 

Ibikorwa bye bya politiki ariko ntibyamubujije kwiga Kaminuza y’ubuvuzi ya Cairo, aho yarangije mu 1974 nyuma y’imyaka ine akabona masters mu kubaga. 

Se, Muhammed, wapfuye mu 1995, yari umwalimu wa pharmacie kuri iryo shuri umuhungu we yizeho.

Ubuhezanguni kuva mu buto

Zawahiri yabanje gukurikiza umuco w’umuryango, yubaka ivuriro mu gace kamwe ka Cairo, ariko nyuma akururwa n’amatsinda y’abahezanguni muri Islam bariho barwanya leta ya Misiri.

Ubwo Egyptian Islamic Jihad yashingwaga mu 1973, yahise ayijyamo.

Mu 1981, yafatanywe n’abandi babarirwa mu magana bakekwa kuba muri iryo tsinda nyuma y’uko abo muri iri tsinda bambaye nk’abasirikare bishe Perezida Anwar Sadat mu karasisi ka gisirikare i Cairo. 

Sadat yari yararakaje abahezanguni b’abasilamu ubwo yasinyaga amasezerano y’amahoro na Israel, akanafunga benshi mu bamunenga.

Mu rubanza rw’ikivunge, Zawahiri yagaragajwe nk’umukuru wabo, kandi yafashwe amahusho abwira urukiko ati: 

“Turi abasilamu bizera idini ryacu. Turimo kugerageza gushinga leta ya kisilamu na sosiyete ya Islam.” 

Nubwo yahanaguweho icyaha cyo kwica Perezida Sadat, Zawahiri yahamijwe gutunga intwaro binyuranye n’amategeko, afungwa imyaka itatu.

Abafunganywe nawe bavuga ko Zawahiri yakorerwaga iyicarubozo buri gihe kandi agakubitwa n’abategetsi mu gihe yari afunze, ibikorwa bivugwa ko byamuhinduye umunyarugomo n’umuhezanguni ukomeye. 

Amaze kurekurwa mu 1985, yahise yerekeza muri Arabia Saoudite. 

Nyuma gato akomereza i Peshawar muri Pakistan hanyuma ajya muri Afghanistan, aho yashinze ikindi gice cya Egyptian Islamic Jihad mu gihe kandi yakoraga nk’umuganga muri iki gihugu cyari cyarafashwe n’abasoviyeti. 

Zawahiri yabaye umukuru wa ririya tsinda ubwo ryongeraga gukomera mu 1993, kandi yari ku isonga ryo gutegura ibitero ryagabye kuri ba minisitiri ba Misiri, barimo na Minisitiri w’intebe, Atif Sidqi. 

Ibikorwa by’ubuhirimbanyi bw’iri tsinda byo kuvanaho ubutegetsi rigashyiraho leta ya kisilamu mu myaka ya 1990 bwaguyemo abanyamisiri barenga 1,200. 

Mu 1999, Zawahiri yakatiwe urwo gupfa adahari, n’urukiko rwa gisirikare rwa Misiri kubera uruhare rwe mu bitero byinshi bya ririya tsinda.

Guhigwa n’ab’iburengerazuba

Bikekwa ko Zawahiri yagiye henshi ku isi mu myaka ya 1990 ashaka ubwihisho n’aho yakura amafaranga y’ibikorwa bye. 

Mu myaka yakurikiye kuva kw’abasoviyeti muri Afghanistan, bikekwa ko Zawahiri yabaye muri Bulgaria, Denmark, n’Ubusuwisi, kandi hari ubwo yakoreshaga passport mpimbano akajya muri Balkans, Yemen, Iran, Iraq na Philippines.

Mu Ukuboza(12) 1996, bivugwa ko yamaze amezi atandatu afungiye mu Burusiya aho yafatiwe muri Chechnya afite visa yarangiye. 

Mu nyandiko bivugwa ko yanditswe nawe ubwe, abategetsi mu Burusiya bananiwe gusemura amagambo y’Icyarabu basanze kuri mudasobwa ye maze ntibabasha kumenya umwirondoro we nyakuri. 

Mu 1997, bivugwa ko Zawahiri yimukiye mu mujyi wa Jalalabad muri Afghanistan, aho Osama Bin Laden yari atuye. 

Hashize umwaka, Egyptian Islamic Jihad yihuje n’indi mitwe itanu y’abahezanguni irimo na al-Qaeda ya Bin Laden, bashinga World Islamic Front for Jihad yo kurwanya Abayahudi n’abarwana intambara z’amadini. 

Itangazo rya mbere ry’iryo huriro ryabo ryarimo ikiswe ‘fatwa’, cyangwa intego y’idini, yemera kwica abaturage ba Amerika. 

Hashize amezi atandatu, ibitero bibiri bikorewe rimwe byashenye ambasade za Amerika muri Kenya na Tanzania, hapfira abantu 223. 

Zawahiri ni umwe mu bantu ibiganiro bye kuri telephone z’icyogajuru byerekanye ko we na Bin Laden bari inyuma y’ibi bikorwa.

Ibyumweru bibiri nyuma y’ibi bitero, Amerika yarashe inkambi z’imyitozo ya ririya tsinda muri Afghanistan.

Umunsi wakurikiyeho, Zawahiri yatelefonnye umunyamakuru wo muri Pakistan aramubwira ati: “Bwira Amerika ko, bombe zayo, ibikangisho byayo, n’ubushotoranyi bwayo bitadukanga. Intambara nibwo igitangira.”

Mu myaka yakurikiye urupfu rwa Bin Laden, ibitero byo mu kirere bya Amerika byishe urutonde rw’abungirije Zawahiri, bimuca intege zo gukora henshi ku isi.

Mu myaka ya vuba, Zawahiri yarihishe cyane kandi ajya ku ruhande, rimwe na rimwe akanyuzamo agatanga ubutumwa.

Amerika iraza kwigamba urupfu rwe nk’intsinzi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuva muri Afghanistan mu kajagari umwaka ushize.

Gusa Zawahiri ntiyari agifite umuriri nka cyera, cyane kuva ubwo imitwe mishya nka Islamic State yagize imbaraga biboneka.

Nta gushidikanya ko al-Qaeda izerekana uyikuriye mushya, ariko ashobora kuzaba afite ijambo rito ugereranyije n’uwo azasimbura.