Menya aba ba-Houthi bahanganye na Amerika n’Ubwongereza mu Kiyaga Gitukura

Ibitero vy’indege zitagira abadereva (drone) n’ibisasu vya muzinga ku mato atwara ibidandazwa mu Kiyaga Gitukura vyatumye ingabo za Amerika n’Ubwongereza zitangura ibitero vyo mu kirere ku bibanza vy’aba-Houthi muri ako karere.

Ingabo z’Uburengero zafashe ingingo yo gutangura ibitero inyuma y’ibitero ku mato vyakozwe n’aba ba Houthi – umuhari w’inyeshamba ufashwe mu mugongo na Irani, ukaba ugenzura uturere tutari duto twa Yemen.

Perezida Joe Biden wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika avuga ko Amerika n’Ubwongereza bifashwe mu mugongo na Australia, Bahrain, Canada n’Ubuholande, vyakoze ibitero ejo ku wa gatanu ku bibanza vy’aba-Houthi.

Ibibanza vy’aba- Houthi birenga 12, harimwo n’ivyo ku mugwa mukuru Sanaa no mu gisagara ca Hudaydah kuri ku Kiyaga gitukura, vyakubiswe. Mu bigo vyatewe harimwo ububiko bw’ibirwanisho hamwe n’ivy’ubuhinga bwo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere.

Kubera iki aba-Houthi batera amato yo mu Kiyaga Gitukura?

Ibi bitero vyatanguye inyuma y’aho intambara hagati ya Israel na Hamas itanguriye ku wa 7 Gitugutu.

Aba-Houthi batangaje ko bashigikiye Hamas kandi ko bazokubita ubwato ubwo ari bwo bwose buzoba bugiye muri Israel. Ntibizwi neza nimba amato yose amaze guterwa yariko yinjira muri iki gihugu.

Muri Munyonyo (11), barafashe ubwato bavuze ko bwari ubw’ibidandazwa bwa Israel.

Kuva ico gihe, bamaze gutera amato atari make y’ibidandazwa bakoresheje amadrone n’ibisasu vya misire.

Ibitero vy’aba-Houthi mu Kiyaga Gitukura vyariyongereye ku rugero rwa 500% hagati ya Munyonyo na Kigarama (12). Ibintu vyarakomeye cane ku buryo amakompanyi makuru makuru ahagarika ingendo zayo muri ako karere, ibiciro vy’ubwishingizi navyo biriyongera incuro 10 kuva mu ntango za Kigarama.

Amakompanyi nyamukuru atwara ibidandazwa harimwo MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company), Maersk, Hapag-Lloyd n’ikompanyi y’igitoro BP yose yavuze ko ubu agiye gucisha ibidandazwa vyayo ahandi, hanze y’Ikiyaga Gitukura.

Hari ubwoba ko ibiciro vy’igitoro bizoduga kandi n’amayira y’ibidandazwa akononekara. Hafi 15% vy’urudandazwa rucishwa mu mazi bica mu Kiyaga Gitukura gifatanywa na Mediterane n’umuhora wa Suez, kandi ikaba ari yo nzira ngufi y’amato hagati ya Aziya n’Ubulaya.

Amerika yagiriza Irani ko ifise uruhara runini cane mu nteguro z’ibitero ku mato atwara ibidandazwa mu Kiyaga Gitukura.

None aba-Houthi ni ba nde?

Houthi ni umuhari w’abarwanyi bo mu nkehwa z’aba-Islam b’aba-Shia ba Yemen, bazwi nka Zaidis. Izina ry’uno murwi rifatiye ku wawushinze, yitwa Hussein al Houthi.

Uno murwi washinzwe mu myaka ya 1990, mu ntango ukaba wari uzwi kw’izina rya Ansar Allah (twogereranya na “Abanywanyi b’Imana”), mu ntumbero yo kurwanya ico babona ko cari igiturire c’uwari umukuru w’ico gihugu ico gihe, Ali Abdullah Saleh.

Perezida Saleh, afashwe mu mugongo n’igisirikare ca Arabia Sawudite, yaragerageje gutuza inyeshamba z’aba-Houthi mu 2003, ariko aba-Houthi barakubise bose baromoka.

Aba-Houthi bari mu ntambara yo hagati mu gihugu ibahuza na reta ya Yemen kuva mu 2014. Reta ifashwe mu mugongo n’ihuriro ry’ibihugu vy’abarabu rirongowe na Arabia Sawudite hamwe na Emira Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu.

Gushika mu ntango za 2022, ino ntambara yahitanye ubuzima bw’abantu baharurwa ku 377.000, abandi imiriyoni zine barata izabo, nk’uko bivugwa n’ishirahamwe ONU.

Aba-Houthi bifata ko bari mu runani rwa Irani rwo kwirwanira (Axe de la Résistance-Axis of Resistance) ruhanganye na Israel, Amerika hamwe n’Uburengero bwose – bari kumwe na Hamas na Hezbollah.

Ni nde afashe mu mugongo aba-Houthi?

Aba-Houthi bibona ko ari co kimwe n’umuhari w’abarwanyi b’aba-Shia muri Libani, Hezbollah.

Kuva mu 2014, Hezbollah irabaha inyigisho n’imyimenyerezo vya gisirikare, nk’uko bivugwa n’ikigo Combating Terrorism Center c’ubushakashatsi co muri Amerika.

Aba-Houthi kandi bafata Irani nk’incuti, kubera Arabia Sawudite ari umwansi wabo.

Irani yikekwa ko ari yo iha ibirwanisho aba-Houthi, kandi Amerika ivuga ko igendereza rya Irani ari ryo ribaha ubushobozi bwo gutera amato.

Umuhanuzi mu biro vy’umukuru w’igihugu ca Amerika mu bijanye n’umutekano, Adrienne Watson, agira ati: "Turazi ko Irani ifise uruhara runini cane mu gutegura ibitero ku mato atwara ibidandazwa mu Kiyaga Gitukura.

"Ibi bihuye n’imfashanyo Irani yamye iwuha kuva kera n’ukungene yamye itera intege aba-Houthi mu bikorwa vyo guhungabanya akarere”.

Irani irahakana ko ata ruhara ifise mu bitero vy’aba-Houthi mu Kiyaga Gitukura.

Amerika na Arabia Sawudite bivuga ko Irani yatanze ibisasu vya misire bigendera hejuru cane (missiles ballistiques/ballistic missiles) aba-Houthi bakoresheje mu kurasa ku mugwa mukuru wa Arabia Sawudite, Riyadh, mu 2017, ariko vyose bikaba vyarasamburiwe mu kirere.

Arabia Sawudite kandi yagiriza Irani ko yatanze ibisasu vya misire bigendera hafi cane mu kirere hamwe n’amadrone aba-Houthi bakoresheje mu gutera ku bigo vy’igitoro vya Arabia Sawudite mu 2019.

Aba-Houthi baramaze kurekura ibihumbi mirongo vy’ibisasu vya misire biraswa ku ntera ngufi muri Arabia Sawudite, kandi baranatera n’ibibanza bitari bike vyo muri Emira Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu. Baramaze kandi no kurekurira ibisasu vya misire biraswa kure hamwe n’amadrone kuri Israel kuva intambara yo muri Gaza itanguye.

Itangwa ry’ibi birwanisho rishobora kurenga ku bihano vy’ishirahamwe ONU ku bijanye n’ibirwanisho. Irani irahakana ko atavyo ikora.

Aba-Houthi bagenzura Yemen ku rugero rungana gute?

Reta yemewe muri Yemen ni Inama Nkuru y’ibiro vy’umukuru w’igihugu (Presidential Leadership Council/ Conseil de direction présidentielle), ari nayo Perezida Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi yashikirije ubutegetsi muri Ndamukiza (4) 2022.

Hagati aho, reta ifise icicaro ku mugwa mukuru wa Arabia Sawudite, Riyadh, inyuma y’aho Hadi ahungiye muri ico gihugu mu 2015.

Abanyagihugu hafi bose ba Yemen batuye mu turere tugenzurwa n’aba-Houthi. Nk’uko bimeze kuri Sanaa n’uburaruko bwa Yemen, aba-Houthi bagenzura inkengera y’Ikiyaga Gitukura.

Uno muhari uregeranya amakori kandi ukaba ukora n’amafaranga.

Inama Nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw’isi yavuze ko gushika mu 2010 aba-Houthi bari bafise abantu bari hagati ya 100.000 na 120.000, bagizwe n’ingabo hamwe n’abarwanyi badafise ibirwanisho.