Imbere mu buzima buhishe bw’akazi k’uburaya muri Somalia

Abagore babiri bo mu murwa mukuru wa Somalia, Mogadishu, babwiye BBC uburyo binjiye mu isi y’uburaya buhishe muri uyu mujyi ugeramiwe n’ubugizi bwa nabi kubera imyaka myinshi y’intambara mu gihugu.

BBC yahinduye amazina yabo mu kurinda umwirondoro wabo.

Mogadishu, umujyi wo ku nyanja w’ubucuruzi bukomeye, Lido Beach ahantu ho kwidagadurira, bitanga ishusho y’uburyo ushobora kuzahinduka mu gihe hari icyizere ko intambara iri kurangira.

Hoteli n’amacumbi ari ku nyanja, za restaurants zikomeye mu mujyi, n’ubucuruzi buhinda ni ubuzima bw’uyu mujyi.

Ariko iruhande rwabyo hari n’ibindi biriho cyane – ibirori, ibiyobyabwenge, n’urugomo ruva ku bikorwa by’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Abagore bafashwe bugwate muri uru ruhande ruhishe rw’umujyi baracyari bato, barakennye kandi nta ntege bafite muri iki gihugu ahanini cya kisilamu.

Fardousa w’imyaka 22 amaze imyaka itatu akora akazi k’uburaya, yicaye mu cyumba cyijimye cy’ibitambaro bitukura ku madirishya, mu nyubako ya apartment iri mu karere ka Wardhigley muri Mogadishu.

Muri iki cyumba cye, uyu mugore unanutse ukiri muto mu ijwi ryoroheje aravuga ibyamubayeho.

Avuga ko yavuye iwabo afite imyaka 19, ibintu biba gacye muri sosiyete y’Abasomali aho ubusanzwe abakobwa bakiri bato batava mu miryango yabo mbere yo gushyingirwa.

Gusa ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo cyangwa amatati akomeye mu miryango bishobora gutuma bamwe bahava kandi ibi birasa n’ibirimo kwiyongera.

Fardousa ati: “Mbere sinabonaga ko nshobora guhunga ariko sinari ngishoboye kubana na mukadata.

“Yabaye umugore wa kabiri wa data nyuma y’uko mama apfuye nkiri muto. Uko imyaka ishira yarushagaho kumpohotera, hejuru y’ibyo data akajya ku ruhande rwe.”

Amaze kuva mu rugo, Fardousa yagiye yimuka kenshi abona inshuti nshya yibwira ko zizamufasha mu buzima: “Nibwiraga ko banyitayeho. Ariko iyo nsubije amaso inyuma, nsanga batari inshuti nyazo.”

Amaherezo yaje kubatwa (addiction) n’imiti ya opioids nka morphine, tramadol na pethidine ikoreshwa mu koroshya uburibwe, ndetse yisanga ahora mu birori bihishe kuri Lido Beach, ari naho yinjirijwe mu kazi k’uburaya.

Vuba vuba Fardousa yisanze yarinjiye mu buzima buhishe bw’i Mogadishu, akava muri za hoteli akajya mu nzu z’abantu atazi, akajya no mu bwite z’ahadatuwe na benshi.

Ariko ubu amaze kumenyana n’abakiliya bahagije ku buryo aba ategereje abamuhamagara gusa.

Ati: “Ntegereza ko telephone yanjye ivuga ubundi nkasohokana n’abo bagabo tukaryamana. Ibindi bihe, inshuti zanjye z’abagore zirampamagara iyo zifite abagabo 'bari tayari'.”

'Nkeneye amafaranga y’ibyambase'

Akorana n’abakiliya batandukanye bo mu bice by’ubuzima bwose.

Ati: “Aba bagabo mbere bari inshuti z’inshuti zanjye z’abagore, nyuma bivamo kuryamana n’abagabo batandukanye ntazi. Nari umunyantege nke kandi nari nkeneye amafaranga yo kugura ibyambase, kimwe n’abandi bagore benshi mu mujyi.”

Kubera imiterere yabyo y’ibanga, nta makuru azwi y’igipimo cy’abakora akazi k’uburaya ariko ubuhamya bwa Fardousa n’abandi butanga ishusho nto y’akaga benshi muri aba bakobwa bakiri bato bisangamo.

Hodan amaze imyaka ibiri n’igice yicuruza. Kimwe na Fardousa, ku myaka 23 Hodan nawe yahunze iwabo yisanga muri ubu buzima bw’i Mogadishu burimo abandi bakobwa bahunze iwabo badafite ikindi kibafasha kubaho.

Ati: “Amajoro menshi nyamara muri za hoteli. Ni nako bimeze ku bandi nkanjye benshi. Uhura n’abagabo b’amoko yose ariko ibintu bishobora kuba bibi cyane iyo mutumvikanye na bamwe muri aba bagabo.”

Kuko uburaya butemewe n’amategeko muri Somalia, benshi muri aba bakobwa bisanga mu bibazo kandi badashobora no gutabarwa n’abategetsi.

BBC yasabye abategetsi mu gipolisi na ministeri y’abagore n’uburenganzira bwa muntu kugira icyo bavuga kuri ibi, ariko ntibasubije.

Hodan ati: “Kenshi aba bakobwa bagaruka bahohotewe bafite n’ibimenyetso ku mubiri, mu gihe abandi bakiri bashya muri aka kazi bahemukirwa cyane n’abo baba bizeye.”

Kuri Fardousa, ibi byamuviriyemo urugomo.

Ati: “Mbere najyaga njyana n’abagabo ahantu bahisemo ko dusambanira ariko ijoro rimwe narakubiswe ndakomereka mu maso bansiga mvirirana. Byose bivuye ku kuba tutumvikanye ku giciro.

“Kuva icyo gihe, ntitaye ku mafaranga yose batanga ntabwo nkijyana n’abagabo ahantu hihariye hadatuwe. Ni ukwishyira mu kaga. Mpitamo kujya muri hoteli aho nzi ko ntagirirwa nabi, cyangwa aho bibaye watabaza bakakumva.

“Abandi bagore benshi bakora aka kazi ntabwo bibahira. Abajyana n’abo bagabo mu ngo zabo n’ahandi hataba abantu benshi barahohoterwa bakanafatwa ku ngufu, rimwe na rimwe n’abagabo barenze umwe.”

Avuga ko rimwe na rimwe ibi bikorwa bibi abagabo babifata amashusho maze aba bakobwa bagaterwa ubwoba cyane.

'Biragoye kongera kurebana n’abawe'

Hodan avuga ko gufata amashusho abakobwa bicuruza bikorwa iyo bamaze guhabwa ibiyobyabwenge, abayafashe bagahatira aba bakobwa kujya bagabana amafaranga bakoreye cyangwa bagatangaza ayo mashusho.

Ati: “Iyo babyanze barakubitwa bakagirirwa nabi n’abo bagabo n’izo video zigakoreshwa nk’igikoresho cyo kubatera ubwoba. Rimwe na rimwe, izo video barazihererekanya ngo bababaze aba bakobwa kurushaho.”

Inkuru iheruka gukorwa na Channel 4, televiziyo yo mu Bwongereza, yerekanye ubu buryo bwo gutera ubwoba abakobwa b’abasomali muri rusange, iruhande rw’akazi k’uburaya.

Hodan ati: “Byabaye ku bakobwa benshi nzi. Benshi batewe isoni zikomeye no kubyemera ariko twese tuzi ibirimo kuba. Ibi tubibayemo imyaka myinshi.”

Raporo ya ONU ivuga ko habaye kwiyongera cyane k’urugomo rushingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina hagati ya 2019 na 2020, kandi bikiyongera cyane mu bice birimo amakimbirane. Ivuga kandi uburyo “ibyuho mu mategeko bituma ababikora bidegembya, ababikorerwa bakabona ubutabazi bucye cyangwa ntabwo.”

Abagore bakora akazi ko kwigurisha ni bamwe mu bageramiwe cyane muri sosiyete ya Somalia, bitewe n’umuco uhindura ako kazi kirazira kandi ugahindura aba bakobwa ibicibwa.

Fardousa ati: “Muri Somalia, abagore nkatwe nta buryo bwo kudufasha buhaba kandi nta muntu wagana. Igututu cya sosiyete kirushaho kuzambya ibintu, ari nayo mpamvu benshi muri aba bagore batajya gusaba ubufasha, cyane cyane iyo bafite ibibazo byo kubatwa.”

Muri Somalia hari imiryango myinshi y’abagore ariko BBC iyo yegereye ntiyifuje kugira icyo ivuga kubera uburyo iki kibazo gifatwa nk’igikomeye.

Hodan na Fardousa bavuga ko abakobwa benshi batakwishora muri aka kazi gateye akaga iyaba hariho uburyo bwo kubafasha kandi n’imiryango itandukanye ikita kuri ibi bibazo, ibyo bituma bagenda bagahera muri ubu buzima bw’urugomo no gukoreshwa.

Fardousa ati: “Abakobwa benshi barembejwe no kubatwa n’ibintu runaka ibituma barushaho kuba abanyantege nke. Benshi ntibanafite ahantu ho kurara nijoro.

“Bisanga bagomba kurara ku mihanda hafi ya Lido Beach n’ibindi bice by’umujyi, abandi bakajyana n’abagabo ngo nibura babone aho barara. Maze bagasambanywa kurushaho batanabyifuzaga.”

Fardousa arahindukira, inyuma ye hicaye umugore ukiri muto uteruye umwana w’igitambambuga. Ni Amina, yahoze yicuruza abihagarika amaze gutwita.

Fardousa ati: “Amina buri gihe ansaba kuva muri ubu buzima [ngasubira mu rugo], ariko ntabwo byoroshye. Biragoye kongera kurebana n’abawe. Hashize imyaka itatu ntabona umuryango wanjye.”